Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 33(2), 2020, pp.126-138.
Publisher:
Wiley
Background: Subjects with intellectual disability (ID) are vulnerable to experience psychiatric disorders. The present authors performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis to estimate the prevalence of co‐occurring psychiatric disorders, excluding co‐occurring autism spectrum disorders, in subjects with intellectual disability. Method: The present authors performed a random‐effects meta‐analysis of the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in adults and adolescents with intellectual disability. Results: Twenty‐two studies were included. The pooled prevalence of any co‐occurring psychiatric disorders in intellectual disability was 33.6% (95% CI: 25.2%–43.1%) with high heterogeneity but no publication bias. Prevalence was lower in population‐based studies, in studies that used ICD criteria for the psychopathology and in studies with low risk of bias. The prevalence was higher in mild, moderate and severe intellectual disability than in profound intellectual disability. Conclusions: Psychiatric disorders are common in subjects with intellectual disability, and the present authors found that clinical and methodological moderators affect the pooled prevalence.
(Edited publisher abstract)
Background: Subjects with intellectual disability (ID) are vulnerable to experience psychiatric disorders. The present authors performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis to estimate the prevalence of co‐occurring psychiatric disorders, excluding co‐occurring autism spectrum disorders, in subjects with intellectual disability. Method: The present authors performed a random‐effects meta‐analysis of the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in adults and adolescents with intellectual disability. Results: Twenty‐two studies were included. The pooled prevalence of any co‐occurring psychiatric disorders in intellectual disability was 33.6% (95% CI: 25.2%–43.1%) with high heterogeneity but no publication bias. Prevalence was lower in population‐based studies, in studies that used ICD criteria for the psychopathology and in studies with low risk of bias. The prevalence was higher in mild, moderate and severe intellectual disability than in profound intellectual disability. Conclusions: Psychiatric disorders are common in subjects with intellectual disability, and the present authors found that clinical and methodological moderators affect the pooled prevalence.
(Edited publisher abstract)
Subject terms:
comorbidity, adults, learning disabilities, mental health problems, young people, complex needs, systematic reviews;
Child: Care, Health and Development, 32(6), November 2006, pp.732-739.
Publisher:
Wiley
In children affected by specific language impairment (SLI), many authors have investigated a link between language and epileptiform discharges during sleep resembling the focal sharp waves typical of benign epilepsy with centro-temporal spikes (BECTS), the so-called rolandic spikes. On the other hand, the same electroencephalographic trait occurs in more than 50% of children affected by learning or behavioural disabilities without seizures, supporting the hypothesis of a common genetic disposition. The biological background of Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is currently unknown, but a genetic liability may be assumed. The aims of our study were first to estimate the prevalence of sleep-related epileptiform discharges in children affected by DCD and second to investigate the occurrence of DCD in a population of children affected by BECTS. The authors selected a group of eight children with severe DCD. In this group, the presence of epileptiform activity was investigated. We also searched for DCD among a group of 13 children affected by BECTS. The authors found rolandic spikes in more than 70% of the children with severe DCD and severe DCD in more than 30% of the children with BECTS. In children with severe DCD other disabilities are frequently associated. In these children, epileptiform activity during sleep is very frequently found and in our opinion, this represents a hallmark of 'Hereditary Impairment of Brain Maturation', a term only partially resembling 'Atypical Brain Development'.
In children affected by specific language impairment (SLI), many authors have investigated a link between language and epileptiform discharges during sleep resembling the focal sharp waves typical of benign epilepsy with centro-temporal spikes (BECTS), the so-called rolandic spikes. On the other hand, the same electroencephalographic trait occurs in more than 50% of children affected by learning or behavioural disabilities without seizures, supporting the hypothesis of a common genetic disposition. The biological background of Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is currently unknown, but a genetic liability may be assumed. The aims of our study were first to estimate the prevalence of sleep-related epileptiform discharges in children affected by DCD and second to investigate the occurrence of DCD in a population of children affected by BECTS. The authors selected a group of eight children with severe DCD. In this group, the presence of epileptiform activity was investigated. We also searched for DCD among a group of 13 children affected by BECTS. The authors found rolandic spikes in more than 70% of the children with severe DCD and severe DCD in more than 30% of the children with BECTS. In children with severe DCD other disabilities are frequently associated. In these children, epileptiform activity during sleep is very frequently found and in our opinion, this represents a hallmark of 'Hereditary Impairment of Brain Maturation', a term only partially resembling 'Atypical Brain Development'.
Subject terms:
physical disabilities, self-determination, child development, communication disorders, children, epilepsy, comorbidity;
International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 27(3), March 2012, pp.313-320.
Publisher:
Wiley
Dementia is known to be present in a significant proportion of hospitalised older patients, and may be associated with different pathologies and longer stays in hospital. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of dementia in a large sample of hospitalised older individuals, and to analyse principal discharge diagnosis and related comorbidity in the patients affected by dementia.
Dementia is known to be present in a significant proportion of hospitalised older patients, and may be associated with different pathologies and longer stays in hospital. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of dementia in a large sample of hospitalised older individuals, and to analyse principal discharge diagnosis and related comorbidity in the patients affected by dementia. Data from 51,838 consecutive computerised discharge records of individuals aged 60 years and over from a hospital in Ferrara, Italy were analysed. The number of admissions, length of stay in hospital, primary and secondary discharge diagnosis, number of procedures, and possible death were evaluated. The findings showed that demented patients represented 8.6% of the sample and were older and more likely to be female patients. They were characterised by higher number of admissions to hospital, instrumental clinical investigations, secondary diagnoses, and mortality rate. Among the primary diagnoses, a higher prevalence of cerebrovascular disease, pneumonia, and hip fracture was observed in demented patients. Furthermore, pulmonary embolism, renal failure, septicaemia, and urinary infections were frequently reported in demented patients, but not in controls. As regards secondary diagnoses, dementia was associated with an increased risk of delirium, muscular atrophy and immobilisation, dehydration, cystitis, and pressure ulcers, whereas the risk for other conditions, including cancer, was reduced.