Search results for ‘Subject term:"cognitive impairment"’ Sort:
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Investigating the causal relationship between maltreatment and cognition in children: a systematic review
- Authors:
- YOUNG-SOUTHWARD Genevieve, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Child Abuse and Neglect, 107, 2020, p.104603.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
Objective: This systematic review critically evaluated the evidence for a causal association between child maltreatment and impaired cognition in children under 12 years. Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, databases were searched and articles extracted according to inclusion criteria. Quality rating of articles was conducted independently by two reviewers and the evidence for a causal association was evaluated using guidelines based on the Hill criteria for causation in epidemiological and public health research. Results: 31 articles were included in the review, with results that suggested lower IQ/cognitive development in maltreated children compared to controls, and a dose-response relationship between timing and duration of maltreatment and impaired cognition. Assessment of causality indicated strong evidence for a causal association between maltreatment and reduced overall cognitive performance in institutionalised children. Findings were less robust for non-institutionalised samples. Evidence regarding specific cognitive functions was mixed. Conclusions: Extreme maltreatment may lead to reduced cognitive functioning in children under 12 years. More research is required to determine the impact of the nature and timing of maltreatment, as well as additional heritable and social factors, on specific profiles of cognition in this population. (Publisher abstract)
Can mindfulness-based interventions influence cognitive functioning in older adults? A review and considerations for future research
- Authors:
- BERK Lotte, BOXTEL Martin van, OS Jim van
- Journal article citation:
- Aging and Mental Health, 21(11), 2017, pp.1113-1120.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Objectives: An increased need exists to examine factors that protect against age-related cognitive decline. There is preliminary evidence that meditation can improve cognitive function. However, most studies are cross-sectional and examine a wide variety of meditation techniques. This review focuses on the standard eight-week mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) such as mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT). Method: The authors searched the PsychINFO, CINAHL, Web of Science, COCHRANE, and PubMed databases to identify original studies investigating the effects of MBI on cognition in older adults. Results: Six reports were included in the review of which three were randomised controlled trials. Studies reported preliminary positive effects on memory, executive function and processing speed. However, most reports had a high risk of bias and sample sizes were small. The only study with low risk of bias, large sample size and active control group reported no significant findings. Conclusion: The authors conclude that eight-week MBI for older adults are feasible, but results on cognitive improvement are inconclusive due a limited number of studies, small sample sizes, and a high risk of bias. Rather than a narrow focus on cognitive training per se, future research may productively shift to investigate MBI as a tool to alleviate suffering in older adults, and to prevent cognitive problems in later life already in younger target populations. (Edited publisher abstract)
A review of cognitive impairments in children with intellectual disabilities: implications for cognitive behaviour therapy
- Authors:
- HRONIS Anastasia, ROBERTS Lynette, KNEEBONE Ian I.
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 56(2), 2017, p.189–207.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Objective: Nearly half of children with intellectual disability (ID) have comorbid affective disorders. These problems are chronic if left untreated and can significantly impact upon future vocational, educational, and social opportunities. Despite this, there is a paucity of research into effective treatments for this population. Notably, one of the most supported of psychological therapies, cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT), remains largely uninvestigated in children with ID. The current review considers the neuropsychological profile of children and adolescents with mild to moderate ID, with a view to informing how CBT might best be adapted for children and adolescents with ID. Method: Narrative review of literature considering the neuropsychological profiles of children and adolescents with ID, with specific focus upon attention, memory, learning, executive functioning, and communication. Studies were identified through SCOPUS, PsycINFO, and PubMed databases, using combinations of the key words ‘intellectual disability’, ‘learning disability’, ‘neuropsychology’, ‘attention’, ‘learning’, ‘memory’, ‘executive function’, ‘language’, and ‘reading’. Results: Children with ID have significant deficits in attention, learning, memory, executive functions, and language. These deficits are likely to have a negative impact upon engagement in CBT. Suggestions for adapting therapy to accommodate these wide ranging deficits are proposed. Conclusions: There are multiple cognitive factors which need to be considered when modifying CBT for children who have ID. Furthermore, research is required to test whether CBT so modified is effective in this population. (Publisher abstract)
Activities people with cognitive deficits want to continue mastering – a scoping study
- Authors:
- LINDQVIST Eva, et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 79(7), 2016, pp.399-408.
- Publisher:
- Sage
Introduction: To date, potential difficulties that people with cognitive deficits meet in everyday life are relatively well known, but in which activities mastery is desired, and why, is less researched. The aim of this study was to develop deeper knowledge about activities that people with cognitive deficits want to continue mastering in everyday life and the reasons why these activities were desired. Method: In the frame of a scoping study, articles were gathered and charted. Sixteen qualitative studies were selected as meeting the aim of the study and analysed with a descriptive-interpretative method. Findings: The analysis of the studies showed that the desired activities conveyed social values or independence, supported significant roles, diminished negative influence on other people, and increased health and safety. Linkages, in the form of dependencies between the desired activities, were also identified. Conclusion: When planning for interventions for facilitating everyday activities, for example with technology, it is beneficial to consider both safety and values that are more closely related to meaningfulness and wellbeing. Most difficult activities were identified as hindering outdoor activities, and targeting those activities might be most valuable for enabling active everyday lives for this group. (Publisher abstract)
Cognitive impairment in elderly patients with schizophrenia: age related changes
- Author:
- HARVEY Philip D.
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 16(S1), December 2001, pp.78-85.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Cognitive impairment in schizophrenia is a major feature of the illness, however it has not been studied extensively in older patients. This article provides an overview of the research in this area looking specifically at: comparisons of good and poor outcome; age effects of on cognition in poor outcome patients; the course of cognitive and functional deficits in late life; and evidence regarding progressive decline in individual patients with schizophrenia.
Decision making in people with dementia or mild cognitive impairment: a narrative review of decision-making tools
- Authors:
- HO Mu-Hsing, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 22(10), 2021, pp.2056-2062.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier (for the American Medical Directors Association)
Objectives: This review summarized the applicability of various decision-making tools for helping people with dementia or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and their families make decisions. Design: This study was a narrative literature review. The protocol of this review was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO ID: CRD42020182259). Setting and Participants: People with dementia or MCI and their families were included in this study. Methods: This review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement. We searched the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Chinese Electronic Periodical Services databases from inception to May 2021. The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklists for a variety of study designs were used. Results: Topics related to decision-making were categorized as everyday activity decisions or medical treatment decisions. Various types of decision-making tools were identified, and we observed that decision aids can be modified and used for both everyday activity decisions and medical treatment decisions. In addition to highlighting decision aids for specific decisional issues and topics, we also elucidated other validated tools that can be used to facilitate the decision-making process. Conclusions and Implications: This study highlighted the topics involved in decision-making and using decision-making tools. The current review provides information that can help individuals and health care professionals choose optimal decision-making tools. On the basis of our findings, future studies can determine the most appropriate tools for intervention or outcome measures. (Edited publisher abstract)
Technology options to help people with dementia or acquired cognitive impairment perform multistep daily tasks: a scoping review
- Authors:
- LANCIONI Giulio, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Enabling Technologies, 15(3), 2021, pp.208-223.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to review studies that evaluated technology-based prompting systems for supporting participants with dementia or acquired cognitive impairment in their performance of multistep daily tasks. Design/methodology/approach: A scoping review was conducted to identify eligible studies through a search of four electronic databases, that is, PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science and Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. Findings: The search, which covered the 2010–2020 period, led to the identification of 1,311 articles, 30 of which were included in the review. These articles evaluated six different types of prompting systems: context-aware, automatic computer prompting, context-aware, mediated computer prompting, teleoperated robot prompting, self-operated augmented reality prompting, self-operated computer or tablet prompting and time-based (preset) computer, tablet or smartphone prompting. Originality/value: Technology-aided prompting to help people with dementia or acquired cognitive impairment perform relevant multistep daily tasks is considered increasingly important. This review provides a picture of the different prompting options available and of their level of readiness for application in daily contexts. (Edited publisher abstract)
Cognitive training interventions and depression in mild cognitive impairment and dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
- Authors:
- CHAN Joyce Y.C., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Age and Ageing, 49(5), 2020, pp.738-747.
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
Depression is common in people with cognitive impairment but the effect of cognitive training in the reduction of depression is still uncertain. Aims: the purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effect of cognitive training interventions in the reduction of depression rating scale score in people with cognitive impairment. Methods: Literature searches were conducted via OVID databases. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluated the effect of cognitive training interventions for the reduction of depression rating scale score in people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia were included. Mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to combine the results of Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Standardized mean difference (SMD) was used to combine the results of different depression rating scales. Subgroup analyses were conducted according to the types of cognitive training and severity of cognitive impairment, i.e. MCI and dementia. Results: A total of 2551 people with MCI or dementia were extracted from 36 RCTs. The baseline mean score of GDS-15 was 4.83. Participants received cognitive training interventions had a significant decrease in depression rating scale score than the control group (MD of GDS-15 = -1.30, 95% CI = -2.14–−0.47; and SMD of eight depression scales was −0.54 (95% CI = −0.77–−0.31). In subgroup analyses, the effect size of computerized cognitive training and cognitive stimulation therapy were medium-to-large and statistically significant in the reduction of depression rating scale score. Conclusions: Cognitive training interventions show to be a potential treatment to ameliorate depression in people with cognitive impairment. (Edited publisher abstract)
Cognitive impairment and homelessness: a scoping review
- Authors:
- STONE Beth, DOWLING Sandra, CAMERON Ailsa
- Journal article citation:
- Health and Social Care in the Community, 27(4), 2019, pp.e125-e142.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
This paper reports the findings of a scoping review designed to identify research which has explored the relationship between cognitive impairment, such as brain injuries or learning disabilities and homelessness. A systematic search of databases for articles published between 2007 and 2017 was conducted using keywords relating to cognitive impairments and homelessness. Sources were expanded using manual searches of citations and grey literature. Forty studies represented in 45 papers were selected for review using predefined inclusion criteria. Sources were subject to quality appraisal and data were extracted in line with review questions. Prevalence studies were over‐represented in the review, while qualitative data were lacking. Aetiology of impairments was delineated by acquired and developmental causes. A variety of measures were employed by studies which were not validated in homeless populations. Studies did not give sufficient consideration to co‐occurring disorders and overlapping symptoms between aetiologies. Because of these factors, it was difficult to conclude that all studies had accurately measured what they set out to; however, the evidence suggested that cognitive impairment was disproportionately over‐represented in homeless populations. Cognitive impairment was found to be both a risk factor to and perpetuator of homelessness. Risk factors for homelessness were similar to those of the general population, though exaggerated by sequelae of certain cognitive impairments. The results of this review suggest that more attention needs to be paid to the underlying socioeconomic disadvantages, persons with cognitive impairments face which may lead to homelessness. Further research should prioritise the voice of homeless persons with cognitive impairments, to better understand both causes of homelessness and effective methods of rehabilitation. (Publisher abstract)
Technology use to improve everyday occupations in older persons with mild dementia or mild cognitive impairment: a scoping review
- Authors:
- PATOMELLA Ann-Helen, et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 81(10), 2018, pp.555-565.
- Publisher:
- Sage
Introduction: Technology use is a highly relevant part of everyday occupations and difficulties can lead to challenges among older adults with cognitive impairments. The aim of this study was to review empirical studies reporting on the use of technology for improving performance in everyday occupations and evaluate the effect of training strategies in technology use in older people with mild-stage dementia or mild cognitive impairment. Method: A scoping review methodology was used. Key databases were searched, covering January 2000 to October 2016, to identify studies, which were screened and assessed for inclusion. Results: In total, 14 studies were included. Most studies used quantitative designs with small sample sizes. The methods used to measure performance in everyday occupations differed. Six studies focussed on the use of technology for improving performance. Eight studies evaluated the effect of training strategies in technology use. Conclusion: Although positive effects of technology use and training in technology use have been reported for instrumental activities of daily living outcomes, the evidence supporting the use of technology in enhancing performance in occupations in people with mild-stage dementia or mild cognitive impairment is limited. Future studies should focus specifically on people with mild cognitive impairment, use more rigorous designs and include standardised methods. (Publisher abstract)