Search results for ‘Subject term:"cognitive impairment"’ Sort:
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Developmental challenges in HIV infected children—an updated systematic review
- Authors:
- SHERR Lorraine, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Children and Youth Services Review, 45, 2014, pp.74-89.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
Children with HIV infection are at risk of developmental and behavioural challenges. A systematic review in 2009 set out the extent of delay documented in HIV positive children. This study presents an update and re-analysis. Full searches were conducted in Medline, Cochrane Database and PsycINFO, from which reviewers selected abstracts and followed references to provide detailed studies on HIV and cognitive performance in children under 18 to cover the period 2008–2013. The search generated 21 new studies, 17 of which (81%) report some form of cognitive delay for HIV positive children compared to controls. Some domains measured seem to be more affected than others, with mixed evidence on language and executive functioning. The need for more definitive control of variables was highlighted by the environmental factors contributing to behavioural and cognitive outcomes. In conclusion this systematic review confirms the prevalence of cognitive delay in children with HIV and explores the complexity of the issue. The findings suggest the need for internationally agreed monitoring tools and studies which control for known contributing factors. Research for children is needed with a full understanding of developmental challenges, to point the way forward for effective interventions. (Publisher abstract)
Forgetting and the memory of forgetting
- Author:
- KELLY Angela
- Journal article citation:
- Dementia: the International Journal of Social Research and Practice, 7(4), November 2008, pp.451-460.
- Publisher:
- Sage
In death-driven narratives of AIDS, phenomenological losses experienced as a result of changes to memory with AIDS dementia remain uncharted. Traditionally in the field of dementia, memory has been viewed as a neurological skill to be measured and charted, categorized into short-term or long-term memory loss. In this article, a relationship-based approach to memory is taken where memory is understood to play an important material and symbolic role in the lives of people with AIDS dementia and their relationships with significant others. Through ethnographic description, this article details how for two informants - Diane and Andrew - forgetting and the memory of forgetting was central to how they made sense of who they were in relationship to others and others in relationship to them. For them, memory was more than an individual cerebral activity. Memory, and loss of memory, was instrumental to intersubjective life and formed part of a social space of living loss, characterized by liminality.
The impact of environmental risk factors on HIV-associated cognitive decline in children
- Authors:
- HOCHHAUSER C.J., et al
- Journal article citation:
- AIDS Care, 20(6), July 2008, pp.692-699.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Both the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and environmental stress have been independently associated with decreased cognitive functioning in children. Given that they are also known to have a strong relationship with each other, the present study sought to test the hypothesis that children in conditions of high environmental risk would be at greater risk for the cognitive complications related to immunosuppression. A retrospective review was conducted to examine the records of 141 children treated at a large paediatric AIDS clinic in the United States from 1993 to 2000. CD4+ lymphocyte levels were recorded from laboratory results and IQ scores were recorded from routine psychological evaluations. Key indicators of environmental risk were collected and combined into one measure of overall environmental risk. Pearson product moment correlations were conducted to examine the relationship between environmental risk, age-adjusted CD4 and IQ. Results indicated a significant correlation between CD4 and IQ, with higher levels of immunocompetence predicting higher IQ scores. When subjects were dichotomized based on their environmental risk score, there was no relationship between CD4 count and IQ in the low environmental risk group. In contrast, CD4 was positively associated with IQ in the high environmental risk group. It is proposed that this may be due to gp120 levels in immunocompromised children being particularly toxic to the hippocampus and cortex under conditions of high stress but not so under conditions of low stress.
Subjective memory complaints of Chinese HIV-infected patients in Hong Kong: Relationships with social support, depressive mood and medical symptoms
- Authors:
- CHAN I., et al
- Journal article citation:
- AIDS Care, 19(9), October 2007, pp.1149-1156.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
The present study aimed at investigating the contribution of social support, depressive mood, medical symptoms and objective memory performance to the subjective memory complaints of Chinese HIV-infected persons in Hong Kong. Ninety HIV-infected persons were administered the Hong Kong List Learning Test (HKLLT) as an objective measure of memory. They also reported their subjective memory complaints, HIV-related medical symptoms, depressive mood and perceived social support by self-administered questionnaires. Path analyses were conducted to evaluate models that depicted the relationships among the variables. The final model that showed the best fit to the data suggested that objective memory performance had no significant role to play in patients' subjective memory complaints. Depressive mood was found to be a significant factor that directly affected patient's subjective memory complaints and social support played an indirect role with depressive mood as a mediating variable. These findings suggest that memory complaints might be an indicator of mood disturbance and social support might be useful in ameliorating depressive mood and these complaints. The need of assessment of other cognitive functions in future research is also discussed.
The intersecting cognitive and aging needs of HIV-positive older adults: implications for social work practice
- Authors:
- EATON Andrew David, CRAIG Shelley L., WALLACE Robert
- Journal article citation:
- Social Work in Health Care, 56(8), 2017, pp.733-747.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
Cognitive impairment is a significant health concern for people ageing with HIV/AIDS. Using a community-based participatory research (CBPR) framework, the authors surveyed (n = 108) and interviewed (n = 20) people living with HIV who were over age 50 about their cognitive concerns and recommendations for social work intervention development. Quantitative findings indicate that the authors' sample was greatly engaged in their HIV care, yet participants had many cognitive concerns. Qualitative findings highlighted fear, shame, and uncertainty concerning HIV and ageing alongside a need for increased social work support. This paper provides practical engagement strategies for social workers to support clients concerning HIV, ageing, and cognition. (Edited publisher abstract)
HIV-related cognitive dysfunction: implications for aging and social work
- Authors:
- VANCE David E., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Social Work in Mental Health, 13(6), 2015, pp.553-570.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
Half of adults with HIV experience HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND). HIV infects microglial and macrophages in the brain, resulting in a neurotoxic environment that inhibits the function of neurons, thus impairing cognition. Social workers require an understanding of how HIV-related cognitive dysfunction develops within the larger context of mental illness, substance use, and socioeconomic status. This article briefly reviews the clinical diagnosis of HAND and some interrelated neurobiological and psychosocial factors. Research implications for improving cognition are important as one considers: (1) The impact of the ageing process on cognition and (2) the growing number of older adults with HIV. (Edited publisher abstract)
Service utilization and cognitive complaints in adults with HIV: results from a statewide survey
- Authors:
- OKONKWO Ozioma, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of HIV/AIDS and Social Services, 7(2), 2008, pp.175-194.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
This study aimed to demonstrate an association between the subjective cognitive complaints (mild declines in cognitive function short of dementia diagnosis) among adults with HIV AIDS in Alabama and their utilisation of HIV AIDS services provided. Face-to-face interviews with 385 adults with HIV AIDS, who were receiving care from various AIDS service organisations (ASOs), used a 13 page questionnaire from the 2003 AIDS Alabama Needs Assessment which assessed their mental health problems and diverse aspects of service utilisation. Significant correlation was found between cognitive complaints and work status, financial difficulties, difficulty in getting medical care, legal problems, medication compliance, emotional problems, housing difficulties, counselling for sexual issues, transportation difficulties and difficulty getting food. Adults with HIV AIDS in this study who reported more cognitive complaints experienced more difficulty in accessing services they needed. Predictors of cognitive complaints were identified by multiple regression analysis and included level of education, stress and physical pain. Despite concerns over limitations of this study, such as sole use of participants associated with ASOs being more likely to be economically disadvantaged, the authors cite this research in a call for intervention aimed at reducing cognitive complaints and improving neuropsychological functioning which may enhance service utilisation as part of their activities of daily living and the quality of life of adults with HIV AIDS.
Addressing risk factors of cognitive impairment in adults aging with HIV: a social work model
- Authors:
- VANCE David E., STRUZICK Thomas C.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 49(4), 2007, pp.51-77.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
As medical treatments improve, the number of older adults with HIV is increasing, and the synergistic effects of ageing and HIV may place many at risk of cognitive impairment. However, cognitive reserve and neuroplasticity can be maintained, and in some cases improved, by addressing the biopsychosocial aspects of cognition through strategies such as: reducing alcohol and other substance use; improving nutrition; reducing the effects of comorbid conditions; increasing social contact; reducing depression and stress levels; engaging in cognitively stimulating activities; applying cognitive remediation therapies; and incorporating psychopharmacological interventions. Social workers are in a good position to recognise signs of cognitive decline, and a model for identifying and monitoring affected clients is discussed. (Copies of this article are available from: Haworth Document Delivery Centre, Haworth Press Inc., 10 Alice Street, Binghamton, NY 13904-1580).