Search results for ‘Subject term:"cognitive impairment"’ Sort:
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The relationship between age and neurocognitive and daily functioning in adults with hoarding disorder
- Authors:
- DOZIER Mary E., et al
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 31(12), 2016, pp.1329-1336.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Objective: Given the increase in hoarding symptoms with age, there is a pressing need for understanding the clinical features as they relate to potential interventions for older adults with hoarding disorder (HD). The aim of the current investigation was to explore age-related differences in the level of functional and cognitive impairment in individuals with HD. Methods: The current study utilized the baseline assessments of 122 adults with HD. Age-related differences in the raw scores of psychiatric, cognitive, and daily functioning were analyzed using a series of multiple regression models controlling for the possible age-related differences in premorbid IQ. Results: The results suggested that older adults with HD may experience increased levels of impairment in skills related to executive functioning and everyday functioning when compared with younger adults with HD. Conclusions: Given these difficulties with neurocognitive functioning, older HD patients may require interventions that focus more on behavioural and functional skills, rather than focusing on changing thought processes. (Edited publisher abstract)
Self-management group for people with dementia
- Authors:
- QUINN Catherine, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Dementia Care, 24(5), 2016, pp.29-32.
- Publisher:
- Hawker
A self management approach for people with early stage dementia could be applied to help them understand the condition better, manage their memory difficulties and other challenges, and find ways of dealing with changes in their lifestyle. In this article the authors discuss findings from an evaluation of a new self-management programme, consisting of 8 weekly 90 minute group sessions. Research findings and recommendations for practice are given. (Edited publisher abstract)
The clinical utility of naturalistic action test in differentiating mild cognitive impairment from early dementia in memory clinic
- Authors:
- BRUCE Irene, et al
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 31(3), 2016, p.309–315.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Objective: This study aimed to examine the validity of the Naturalistic Action Test in differentiating Mild Cognitive Impairment from early dementia compared to clinical diagnosis and ascertain Naturalistic Action Test cut-off points. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 70 consecutive patients diagnosed with Mild Cognitive Impairment attending the memory clinic in St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland. Patients with a diagnosis of Mild Cognitive Impairment who attended for routine annual assessment were asked to participate in the study. The Naturalistic Action Test was carried out after the patient had completed their routine assessment in the clinic. Results: The Area under the Curve, AUC ± SE was 0.808 ± 0.058, p < 0.001 with 95% CI (0.695–0.922). There was concordance in 40 and discrepancy in 30 patients between the NAT and the gold standard consensus diagnosis (PPV 38%, NPV 96%, sensitivity 94%, specificity 46% and accuracy 59%) using cut-off point of ≥14 for normal function on Naturalistic Action Test. The difference was not related to age, sex, level of education or informant. Using the Youden index, we determined a Naturalistic Action Test cut-off score of ≥11 for Mild Cognitive Impairment in our study (PPV 50%, NPV 91%, sensitivity 78%, specificity 73% and accuracy of 74%). There was discrepancy in 18 patients using the new cut-off point (≥11 for Mild Cognitive Impairment vs ≤10 for dementia). Conclusion: The Naturalistic Action Test is a useful tool that can increase diagnostic accuracy in differentiating Mild Cognitive Impairment from early dementia. (Publisher abstract)
Cognitive impairment in older people with alcohol use disorders in a UK community mental health service
- Author:
- RAO Rahul
- Journal article citation:
- Advances in Dual Diagnosis, 9(4), 2016, pp.154-158.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: The assessment of cognitive impairment in community services for older people remains under-explored. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach: Cognitive impairment was examined in 25 people aged 65 and over with alcohol use disorders, on the caseload of community mental health services over a six-month period. All subjects assessed using Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Assessment (ACE-III). Findings: In total, 76 per cent of the group scored below the cut-off point for likely dementia but only 45 per cent of people scored below the cut-off point for tests of language, compared with 68-84 per cent people in other domains. Research limitations/implications: This finding has implications for the detection of alcohol-related brain cognitive impairment in clinical settings. Practical implications: Standardised cognitive testing is common within mental health services for older people, but may also have utility within addiction services. Social implications: The early detection of alcohol-related cognitive impairment can improve social outcomes in both drinking behaviour and the social consequences of alcohol-related dementia. Originality/value: This may be the first published study of cognitive impairment in patients under a mental team for older people with alcohol use disorders and offers some unique findings within this sampling frame. (Publisher abstract)
Cognitive performance in depressed older persons: the impact of vascular burden and remission. A two-year follow-up study
- Authors:
- ZUIDERSMA Marij, et al
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 31(9), 2016, pp.1029-1039.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Objectives: Depression is associated with an increased risk of cognitive decline. The present study compared two-year change in cognitive performance between depressed older persons and a non-depressed control group, between remitted and non-remitted patients, and evaluated whether vascular burden at baseline was associated with more cognitive decline in depressed older persons. Methods: Depressed patients (n = 378) aged ≥60 were recruited from mental healthcare institutes and general practices, and a non-depressed control group (n = 132) was recruited from general practices. A DSM-IV depressive episode was established with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview, and processing speed, working memory, verbal memory and interference control were evaluated with three neurocognitive tasks at baseline and 2 years later. A modified Framingham Risk Score, ankle-brachial index, and history of a vascular event defined vascular burden at baseline. Results: After adjusting for baseline cognitive performance, age, sex, and education level, depressed older persons had worse processing speed and verbal memory scores at follow-up than controls but did not differ in the other two-cognitive outcomes. In the sample of depressed patients, remission status at 2 years follow-up and baseline vascular burden did not predict cognitive performance at follow-up, after adjustment for baseline cognitive performance, age, sex and education level. Conclusions: The findings suggest that cognitive deficits in depressed older persons are not just a manifestation of depression. In addition, vascular burden was not associated with worse cognitive decline in a sample of depressed older persons. (Edited publisher abstract)
Activities people with cognitive deficits want to continue mastering – a scoping study
- Authors:
- LINDQVIST Eva, et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 79(7), 2016, pp.399-408.
- Publisher:
- Sage
Introduction: To date, potential difficulties that people with cognitive deficits meet in everyday life are relatively well known, but in which activities mastery is desired, and why, is less researched. The aim of this study was to develop deeper knowledge about activities that people with cognitive deficits want to continue mastering in everyday life and the reasons why these activities were desired. Method: In the frame of a scoping study, articles were gathered and charted. Sixteen qualitative studies were selected as meeting the aim of the study and analysed with a descriptive-interpretative method. Findings: The analysis of the studies showed that the desired activities conveyed social values or independence, supported significant roles, diminished negative influence on other people, and increased health and safety. Linkages, in the form of dependencies between the desired activities, were also identified. Conclusion: When planning for interventions for facilitating everyday activities, for example with technology, it is beneficial to consider both safety and values that are more closely related to meaningfulness and wellbeing. Most difficult activities were identified as hindering outdoor activities, and targeting those activities might be most valuable for enabling active everyday lives for this group. (Publisher abstract)
Course of cognitive impairment following attempted suicide in older adults
- Authors:
- GUJRAL Swathi, et al
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 31(6), 2016, pp.592-600.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Objective: Cognitive impairment has been associated with late-life suicidal behaviour. Without longitudinal data it is unclear whether these are transient features of a depressive state or stable impairments. We examined longitudinally the course of cognitive impairment in older adults with depression and a history of suicide attempt. Methods: The authors investigated the persistence of cognitive impairment over time in 198 depressed older adults (age >60); 91 suicide attempters, 39 depressed individuals with suicidal ideation (ideators), and 68 non-suicidal depressed adults assessed over a 2-year period at four time points. The authors used linear mixed effects modelling to examine group differences in trajectories of cognitive decline over 2 years, using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Mattis Dementia Rating Scale (DRS), and Executive Interview (EXIT). Results: Over the 2-year period, suicide attempters performed significantly worse than both suicide ideators and non-suicidal depressed older adults on the MMSE (mean difference: from ideators: −0.88, p = 0.02; from non-suicidal depressed: −1.52, p < 0.01), while on the EXIT and DRS, suicide attempters performed significantly worse than non-suicidal depressed older adults (mean difference: in EXIT: −1.75, p = 0.01; in DRS: 3.04, p < 0.01; in MMSE: 1.15, p < 0.01). Cognitive impairment in suicide attempters partly resolved, as indicated by a group × time interaction on the DRS (p = 0.039), but not the EXIT (p = 0.58) or the MMSE (p = 0.08). Conclusions: Cognitive impairment in late-life suicidal behavior appears to involve both a stable and a state-related component. (Edited publisher abstract)
Managing ageing and cognitive decline: challenges and opportunities for financial services: report on World Economic Forum (WEF) Global Agenda Council on Ageing Symposium
- Author:
- AGE UK
- Publisher:
- Age UK
- Publication year:
- 2016
- Pagination:
- 26
- Place of publication:
- London
This report summarises the second symposium of the WEF Global Agenda Council on Ageing on the implications of ageing and cognitive decline for financial services, which was hosted by Age UK in London, 3-4 February 2016. The presentations, panel discussions and workshops covered: the particular challenges and opportunities of Japan’s ageing society; cognitive vulnerability and resilience in later life; how ageing and dementia affect the capacity to manage money; challenges and opportunities for financial services; building resilience and reducing risk; changing technologies in financial services: opportunity or threat for people with cognitive decline; financial planning for an uncertain future; and how people living with cognitive decline can remain financially included. (Edited publisher abstract)
Daytime somnolence as an early sign of cognitive decline in a community-based study of older people
- Authors:
- TSAPANOU Angeliki, et al
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 31(3), 2016, p.247–255.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Objective: This study aimed to examine the association between self-reported sleep problems and cognitive decline in community-dwelling older people. The authors hypothesised that daytime somnolence predicts subsequent cognitive decline. Methods: This is a longitudinal study in a 3.2-year follow-up, with 18-month intervals. The setting is the Washington Heights-Inwood Community Aging Project. There were 1098 participants, who were over 65 years old and recruited from the community. Sleep problems were estimated using five sleep categories derived from the RAND Medical Outcome Study Sleep Scale: sleep disturbance, snoring, awaken short of breath/with a headache, sleep adequacy, and daytime somnolence. Four distinct cognitive composite scores were calculated: memory, language, speed of processing, and executive functioning. The authors used generalised estimating equations analyses with cognitive scores as the outcome, and time, sleep categories and their interactions as the main predictors. Models were initially unadjusted and then adjusted for age, gender, education, ethnicity, depression, and apolipoprotein E-ε4 genotype. Results: Increased daytime somnolence (including feeling drowsy/sleepy, having trouble staying awake, and taking naps during the day) was linked to slower speed of processing both cross-sectionally (B = −0.143, p = 0.047) and longitudinally (B = −0.003, p = 0.027). After excluding the demented participants at baseline, the results remained significant (B = −0.003, p = 0.021). Conclusions: Findings suggest that daytime somnolence may be an early sign of cognitive decline in the older population (Edited publisher abstract)
Measuring hope among families impacted by cognitive impairment
- Author:
- HUNSAKER Amanda E
- Journal article citation:
- Dementia: the International Journal of Social Research and Practice, 15(4), 2016, p.596–608.
- Publisher:
- Sage
The current exploratory investigation aims to establish the reliability and validity of a hope measure, the Herth Hope Index, among families impacted by early cognitive impairment (N = 96). Exploratory factor analysis was used to examine the dimensionality of the measure. Bivariate analyses were used to examine construct validity. The sample had moderately high hope scores. A two-factor structure emerged from the factor analysis, explaining 51.44% of the variance. Both factors exhibited strong internal consistency (Cronbach’s alphas ranged from .83 to .86). Satisfaction with social support was positively associated with hope, supporting convergent validity. Neurocognitive status, illness insight, and depression were not associated with hope, indicating discriminant validity. Families impacted by cognitive impairment may maintain hope in the face of a potentially progressive illness, regardless of cognitive status. The Herth Hope Index can be utilised as a reliable and valid measure of hope by practitioners providing support to families impacted by cognitive impairment. (Publisher abstract)