Search results for ‘Subject term:"cognitive impairment"’ Sort:
Results 1 - 10 of 46
Barriers, motivators and facilitators of physical activity in people with dementia and their family carers in England: dyadic interviews
- Authors:
- FARINA Nicolas, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Aging and Mental Health, 25(6), 2021, pp.1115-1124.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Introduction: Physical activity may have a number of physical and mental health benefits for people with dementia and their carers. However, there is limited evidence about factors that influence physical activity participation in these groups. This study therefore looks at the barriers, facilitators and motivators of physical activity in people with dementia, from both the perspective of the person with dementia and their carer. Method: Thirty participants (15 sets of community-dwelling people with dementia and their family carers) were recruited from the South East of England. The participants took part in semi-structured dyadic interviews about their views of physical activity. Interviews were analysed using inductive thematic analysis at an individual level and comparisons were made between the groups. Results: Common motivator themes across persons with dementia and family carers were emotional and physical wellbeing, and social connectedness. Physical health was seen as a common barrier in both groups. Physical activity in the person with dementia was encouraged and supported by the family carer. For the carer, their caring role, and limited time acted as barriers to their participation. Conclusion: Themes such as social connectedness, positive emotion and health were seen as key motivators to physical activity, which indicate that people with dementia and carers use physical activity as a means to maintain and improve their quality of life. Supporting family members to better facilitate such activities could encourage physical activity in people with dementia. (Edited publisher abstract)
Recognising the agency of people with dementia
- Author:
- BOYLE Geraldine
- Journal article citation:
- Disability and Society, 29(7), 2014, pp.1130-1144.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
People with dementia have been assumed to possess weak or even no agency. This article examines their actual potential for agency. The author draws on findings from a qualitative study of everyday decision-making by people with dementia that aimed to identify the role of social factors (such as gender) in influencing their involvement in decisions. Whilst decision-making constitutes a form of deliberative agency, the research also identified when agency was alternatively habituated, embodied or emotional. Existing theoretical perspectives on agency are critiqued, particularly in relation to rationality, language and individualised agency. The study highlighted that people with dementia who lack deliberative capacity can nonetheless demonstrate creative capacity for agency. A more expansive concept of agency is needed in social science theory that is informed by the experiences of cognitively disabled people. (Edited publisher abstract)
Group-based cognitive stimulation therapy for dementia: a qualitative study on experiences of group interactions
- Authors:
- ORFANOS Stavros, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Aging and Mental Health, 25(6), 2021, pp.991-998.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Objectives: Cognitive Stimulation Therapy (CST) is an evidence-based group intervention shown to improve cognition and quality of life in dementia and is widely implemented across the NHS. However, no attempt has been made to understand the possible advantages, and/or disadvantages, of delivering CST in a group format. The main aim of the present study was to explore experiences of group interactions in CST and longer-term maintenance CST (MCST) groups. Method: A total of twenty-one semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted across four separate groups delivered in London, the East Midlands, South West and South East of England; including two CST and two MCST groups. Group members with mild to moderate dementia and facilitators from these groups were interviewed. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data using NVivo software. Results: The final analysis identified six themes: ‘benefits and challenges of group expression’, ‘importance of companionship and getting to know others, ‘togetherness and shared identity’, ‘group entertainment’, ‘group support’ and ‘cognitive stimulation through the group’. The inter-connecting relationship between these themes are synthesised and summarised. Conclusion: Findings support the notion that therapeutic advantages inherent to the group format exist in group-based CST. New insights into the challenges related to a group format are also highlighted and discussed. Future research may benefit from exploring the relationship between the identified experiences of group interactions and clinical outcomes. (Edited publisher abstract)
Time effects of informal caregiving on cognitive function and well-being: evidence from ELSA
- Authors:
- YUAN Jing, GRUHN Daniel
- Journal article citation:
- Gerontologist, 61(3), 2021, pp.341-351.
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
Background and Objectives: As informal caregiving becomes prevalent, its consequences for caregivers’ cognitive and socioemotional functioning gain more importance for society. There are inconsistent findings regarding the direction of the impact of caregiving—whether caregiving maintains or compromises functioning—and the impact of time—whether the effects accumulate or are stable. In this study, we elucidated 3 time effects of caregiving—concurrent, cumulative, and lagged effects—on cognitive and socioemotional functioning. Research Design and Methods: We used data from Wave 1 (2002–2003) to Wave 8 (2016–2017) in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) and latent growth curve models with the time-varying predictor to investigate 3 time effects of caregiving on cognitive function (memory and executive function) and well-being (life satisfaction and quality of life). Results: Over and beyond age effects, current caregiving (concurrent effect) was related to worse well-being and better delayed recall. Little robust cumulative effect was found on cognition and well-being. In addition, there were significant and differential lagged effects of caregiving after controlling for concurrent and cumulative effects; that is, caregiving was related to worse well-being and better memory functioning 2–4 years later. Discussion and Implications: The differential concurrent and lagged effects of caregiving on cognitive and socioemotional functioning suggest separate mechanisms for different domains of functioning. The nonsignificant cumulative effects but significant lagged effects imply that even one-time caregiving has long-term (2–4 years) consequences for the caregiver’s future functioning, and the mechanism of long-term caregiving effects may be more qualitative than quantitative. (Edited publisher abstract)
Persistent depressive symptoms and cognitive decline in older adults
- Authors:
- ZHENG Fanfan, et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 213(5), 2018, pp.638-644.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
Background: Little is known about the effect of persistent depressive symptoms on the trajectory of cognitive decline. Aims: The authors aimed to investigate the longitudinal association between the duration of depressive symptoms and subsequent cognitive decline over a 10-year follow-up period. Method: The English Longitudinal Study of Ageing cohort is a prospective and nationally representative cohort of men and women living in England aged ≥50 years. 7610 participants with two assessments of depressive symptoms at wave 1 (2002–2003) and wave 2 (2004–2005), cognitive data at wave 2 and at least one reassessment of cognitive function (wave 3 to wave 7, 2006–2007 to 2014–2015), were examined. Results: The mean age of the 7610 participants was 65.2 ± 10.1 years, and 57.0% were women. Of these, 1157 (15.2%) participants had episodic depressive symptoms and 525 participants (6.9%) had persistent depressive symptoms. Compared with participants without depressive symptoms at wave 1 and wave 2, the multivariable-adjusted rates of global cognitive decline associated with episodic depressive symptoms and persistent depressive symptoms were faster by –0.065 points/year (95% CI –0.129 to –0.000) and –0.141 points/year (95% CI –0.236 to –0.046), respectively (P for trend < 0.001). Similarly, memory, executive and orientation function also declined faster with increasing duration of depressive symptoms (all P for trend < 0.05). Conclusions: The results demonstrated that depressive symptoms were significantly associated with subsequent cognitive decline over a 10-year follow-up period. Cumulative exposure of long-term depressive symptoms in elderly individuals could predict accelerated subsequent cognitive decline in a dose-response pattern. (Edited publisher abstract)
Single screening questions for cognitive impairment in older people: a systematic review
- Authors:
- HENDRY Kirsty, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Age and Ageing, 44(2), 2015, pp.322-326.
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
Background and objective: Single-item screening questions may be a practical first step in screening for cognitive problems in older people. A form of single-item cognitive assessment is proposed in the NHS England and Wales dementia strategy. The authors aim to provide a review and synthesis of the evidence regarding the performance of single-item tests for detection of cognitive impairment. Design: This review used Cochrane diagnostic test accuracy procedures. Two independent researchers searched for relevant papers across multiple, cross-disciplinary electronic databases using previously validated search strings. The index test was any single screening question for cognitive impairment, including factor analysis of multi-item tools. Reference standards included clinical diagnosis and multi-domain cognitive assessments. Results: From 884 titles, 11 studies were identified as eligible for inclusion. Four studies were graded low risk of bias and recruited a representative patient sample. Five papers described a single screening question for cognitive impairment with each using a different question. Sensitivity ranged from 26 to 96% and specificity from 45 to 100%. Six papers described the component analysis of multiple item tools with broadly worded single questions (‘decline in memory function’, ‘changes in ability to think and reason’ or ‘learning new things’) performing best. Conclusion: Informant-based, single-item screening questions show promise for detecting cognitive impairment. However, there was substantial heterogeneity in format and application of single-item screens, and several studies were of poor methodological quality. Currently, there is insufficient evidence to support routine screening using a single-item approach. (Edited publisher abstract)
Cognition in informal caregivers: evidence from an English population study
- Authors:
- GARCIA-CASTRO F. Javier, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Aging and Mental Health, 26(3), 2022, pp.507-518.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Background and objectives: The relationship between caregiving and cognition remains unclear. We investigate this association comparing four cognitive tasks and exploring the role of potential explanatory pathways such as healthy behaviours (healthy caregiver hypothesis) and depression (stress process model). Research design and methods: Respondents were from English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) (N = 8910). Cognitive tasks included immediate and delayed word recall, verbal fluency and serial 7 subtraction. Series of hierarchical linear regressions were performed. Adjustments included socio-demographics, health related variables, health behaviours and depression. Results: Being a caregiver was positively associated with immediate and delayed recall, verbal fluency but not with serial 7. For immediate and delayed recall, these associations were partially attenuated when adjusting for health behaviours, and depression. For verbal fluency, associations were partially attenuated when adjusting for depression but fully attenuated when adjusting for health behaviours. No associations were found for serial 7. Discussion and implications: the findings show that caregivers have higher level of memory and executive function compared to non-caregivers. For memory, we found that although health behaviours and depression can have a role in this association, they do not fully explain it. However, health behaviours seem to have a clear role in the association with executive function. Public health and policy do not need to target specifically cognitive function but other areas as the promotion of healthy behaviours and psychological adjustment such as preventing depression and promoting physical activity in caregivers. (Edited publisher abstract)
Inclusive justice: a system designed for all: findings and recommendations
- Author:
- EQUALITY AND HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION
- Publisher:
- Equality and Human Rights Commission
- Publication year:
- 2020
- Pagination:
- 35
- Place of publication:
- London
Findings of an inquiry to understand the experiences of disabled defendants and accused people in the criminal justice system. The inquiry focused on the pre-trial phase and looked at whether the needs of disabled people are properly identified; the types of adjustments being made to accommodate their needs; and whether they can fully participate in court processes and understand the charges they face. The report reveals that the justice system is not designed around the needs and abilities of disabled people, and reforms in England and Wales risk further reducing participation. A recurring theme was the overuse of complicated legal language and terms, which people with a cognitive impairment, mental health condition and / or neuro-diverse condition struggle to understand. Furthermore, opportunities to design digital court systems to be more accessible have been missed and the needs of disabled people have not been gathered or taken into account. Impairments that may require adjustments are not always identified and adjustments are not always made for disabled people because information about their impairments is not passed on. In addition, legal professionals do not consistently have the guidance or training they need to be able to recognise impairments, their impact, or how adjustments can be made. The report makes a detailed recommendations to UK Governments, urging them to ensure the system is designed around the needs of its users and understands and remove the barriers faced by disabled defendants or accused people. (Edited publisher abstract)
‘Cruel and unusual punishment’: an inter-jurisdictional study of the criminalisation of young people with complex support needs
- Authors:
- BALDRY Eileen, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Youth Studies, 21(5), 2018, pp.636-652.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
lthough several criminologists and social scientists have drawn attention to the high rates of mental and cognitive disability amongst populations of young people embroiled in youth justice systems, less attention has been paid to the ways in which young people with disability are disproportionately exposed to processes of criminalisation and how the same processes serve to further disable them. In this paper, we aim to make a contribution towards filling this gap by drawing upon qualitative findings from the Comparative Youth Penality Project – an empirical inter-jurisdictional study of youth justice and penality in England and Wales and in four Australian states. We build on, integrate and extend theoretical perspectives from critical disability studies and from critical criminology to examine the presence of, and responses to, socio-economically disadvantaged young people with multiple disabilities (complex support needs) in youth justice systems in our selected jurisdictions. Four key findings emerge from our research pertaining to: (i) the criminalisation of disability and disadvantage; (ii) the management of children and young people with disabilities by youth justice agencies; (iii) the significance of early and holistic responses for children and young people with complex support needs; and (iv) the inadequate nature of community based support. (Edited publisher abstract)
The cognitive daisy in residential care
- Authors:
- POLLUX Petra, HUDSON John
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Dementia Care, 25(5), 2017, pp.12-13.
- Publisher:
- Hawker
The authors explain how they have developed the "cognitive daisy" (COG-D) as a simple guide to the cognitive status of care home residents and they argue that care is better adapted to residents' needs as a result. (Edited publisher abstract)