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An alternative response to "The best interests of the child thesis: some thoughts from Australia"
- Author:
- BARTH Richard P.
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Social Welfare, 18(4), October 2009, pp.440-442.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
The authors briefly expands on the article 'The best interests of the child; thesis: some thoughts from Australia' by P. Hansen and F. Ainsworth. The commentary aims to broaden the discussion by discussing child welfare services in the USA in relation to the best interests of the child. Although it certainly may be the case that mandatory reporting is causing a broadening of child welfare services in Australia, close data-informed scrutiny suggests that this is not the case in the USA. Further, there are positive alternatives to overly intrusive child welfare service interventions that are arising in the USA. There is reasonable evidence to suggest that too little protection rather than too much intrusion remains the more significant problem in the USA; this may also be true elsewhere. The quality and range of services certainly determines whether intrusion is helpful to children and families. In some cases, for example life-threatening health problems that parents will not or cannot treat, engaging the assistance of child welfare services should not be ruled out for ideological reasons.
Training as a factor in policy implementation: lessons from a National Evaluation of Child Welfare Training
- Authors:
- COLLINS Mary Elizabeth, AMODEO Maryann, CLAY Cassandra
- Journal article citation:
- Children and Youth Services Review, 29(12), December 2007, pp.1487-1502.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
Federal, state, and local governments in the United States spend substantial resources on training child welfare staff. Moreover, enhanced training is often proposed as a core solution to many problems facing public child welfare and other human service agencies. This paper conceptualizes training as an element of the policy implementation process. Data is used from a multiple case study evaluation of nine federally-funded training projects to examine training activity within a policy implementation framework. Findings indicate federal, state, county and organizational contexts were important in successful implementation; the projects were, for the most part, successfully implemented; training projects lacked explicit causal theory to link training activities to training outcomes; and elements of both top-down and bottom-up implementation frameworks were identified. Conclusions focus on the utility of training for enhancing policy implementation, as well as the need for greater theory development in this area.
Methamphetamine abuse and manufacture: the child welfare response
- Authors:
- HOHMAN Melinda, OLIVER Rhonda, WRIGHT Wendy
- Journal article citation:
- Social Work: A journal of the National Association of Social Workers (NASW), 49(3), July 2004, pp.373-381.
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
Describes the history and effects of methamphetamine use. Examines the ways exposure to the manufacture of this drug affects clients and social workers. Because children are frequently found at the scene of a manufacturing laboratory, the child welfare system often becomes involved, and child protective services and other social work agencies need protocols to address the needs of the children and their parents as well as those of the legal system. In 1997 California created and implemented drug-endangered children's units in 7 counties to address the needs of children from families that manufacture methamphetamine; these units involve collaborative efforts among child protective workers, district attorneys, physicians, and police officers. A case example provides information about the role of social workers and their collaboration with these multiple systems.
U.S. and them
- Author:
- WALLER Brian
- Journal article citation:
- Community Care, 27.1.00, 2000, p.28.
- Publisher:
- Reed Business Information
The author argues that the UK has much to learn from there the way the United States has reformed its child protection system.
Before Mary Ellen
- Authors:
- LAZORITZ Stephen, SHELMAN Eric A.
- Journal article citation:
- Child Abuse and Neglect, 20(3), March 1996, pp.235-237.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
Looks at the cases of Mary Ellen Wilson and Emily Thompson, which are regarded as the beginnings of the child protection movement in the United States.
Kinship navigation: facilitating permanency and equity for youth in child welfare
- Authors:
- LEE Daniel Hyung Jik, HUERTA Christina, FARMER Elizabeth M.Z.
- Journal article citation:
- Children and Youth Services Review, 131, 2021, p.106251.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
Kinship care has come to be seen as a way to potentially minimize some risks of traditional foster care, provide an opportunity for youth to remain connected to their extended families, and facilitate ongoing relationships and development. Previous work has suggested potential benefits of kinship placements for youth, but also challenges in identifying viable kin caregivers and providing adequate supports and guidance for these families. Kinship Navigation has been developed to formally and systematically assure placement options and supports for caregivers. At present, however, there is relatively little empirical work on the benefits and outcomes of Kinship Navigation programs. This manuscript examines permanency outcomes for youth served by one kinship care agency: A Second Chance, Inc. (ASCI). Countywide data are used to compare episode-of-care permanency outcomes for youth served by ASCI’s Kinship Navigator program with those served by other agencies without Kinship Navigation, who were removed from their homes during the same 27-month period (January 2017 – March 2020). The sample includes 1108 youth (471 served via ASCI KN; 637 in non-KN programs). Kinship Navigation was associated with significantly higher rates of Permanent Legal Custodianship and decreased disparities in outcomes between African American and White youth. These results suggest that ASCI’s Kinship Navigator program is promising for securing family-centered permanency and increasing positive outcomes for African American children and adolescents. Additional work is needed to more fully explore the key processes, families’ experiences, and broader outcomes. (Edited publisher abstract)
Using administrative data to uncover how often and why supervisory neglect happens: implications for child maltreatment prevention
- Authors:
- SOKOL Rebeccah L., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Child Abuse and Neglect, 122, 2021, p.105321.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
Background: Despite supervisory neglect being the most prevalent and fatal neglect sub-type, the most common reasons why caregivers are substantiated for this type of maltreatment remains unknown. Objective: Our study describes cases substantiated for supervisory neglect in a Midwestern state in an effort to inform prevention strategies against supervisory neglect. Participants and setting: This study utilized state administrative data from substantiated child maltreatment investigations conducted between May 1st and October 31st, 2019 (N = 11,208). Methods: We first identified the substantiated investigations where supervisory neglect was present and established investigation-level correlates for these cases. We then selected a random sample of investigations with a substantiated allegation of supervisory neglect (n = 150) for a qualitative review of written investigative narratives to uncover the contextual factors of supervisory neglect and identify which factors frequently co-occur. Results: Supervisory neglect was the most common maltreatment type, present in 71% (n = 7945) of substantiated child welfare investigations. Our qualitative review of 150 randomly selected cases identified ten distinct, non-mutually exclusive contextual factors of supervisory neglect. Child exposure to domestic violence was the most prevalent contextual factor (45%), followed by caregiver's substance-related problems (42%). Childhood exposure to domestic violence and caregiver's substance-related problems was the most common co-occurrence of factors, present in 18% of cases. Conclusions: Supervisory neglect accounts for the vast majority of child maltreatment incidents. To prevent the largest share of supervisory neglect cases, policy and programs are needed to address domestic violence and substance-related problems among caregivers. (Edited publisher abstract)
Personal, familial, and service-related predictors of outcome in intensive family preservation services treatment
- Authors:
- TAMBLING Rachel R., JOHNSON Sara K.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Social Service Research, 47(5), 2021, pp.616-624.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
The use of Intensive Family Preservation services (IFPS) has increased dramatically in recent years, with most states having such programs in place to assist families involved in the child welfare system. While IFPS programs are diverse in their scope, nature, and service provision, most are home-based and employ a highly trained social services professionals. The present study examined the familial, personal, and service characteristics associated with treatment completion and re-referral in IFPS at a community agency. Data were archival (n = 2301) and were provided to the researchers by the agency itself. The present study represents an analysis of treatment-as-usual data, in an effort to determine patterns in service provision and family re-referral. A variety of family factors, such as family structure and the presence of adults in the household, as well as hours and types of services completed, predicted IFPS completion and re-referral. Increased provider-family contact was influential in positive outcomes, including re-referral. These findings suggest that increased provider-family contact is likely to improve the outcomes for families served by IFPS. (Edited publisher abstract)
Client-perpetrated violence among frontline child welfare workers
- Authors:
- RADEY Melissa, WILKE Dina J.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 36(11-12), 2021, pp.NP6260-NP6280.
- Publisher:
- Sage
Client-perpetrated violence against child protective services (CPS) workers is common and detrimental to worker wellbeing with consequences including physical injury and psychological illnesses. Despite the impacts of violence, few studies capture violence in a representative sample of CPS workers. This study examines prevalence and applies a structural inequality framework to consider who among CPS workers is most susceptible. This article used the Florida Study of Professionals for Safe Families dataset, a longitudinal panel study of newly hired CPS workers (N = 1,501) to examine the prevalence of violence in the first 6 months of employment and consider the influence of individual characteristics. CPS workers experienced high levels of non-physical violence (75%), threats (37%), and physical violence (2.3%). Age and race were significantly related to instances of violence as were college major and position. Relationships were nuanced and did not uniformly follow a structural inequality framework. The high prevalence of violence within the first months on the job illustrates the importance of conflict and violence training before workers acquire independent caseloads. In addition, institutionalized mandatory reporting procedures with definitions of non-physical violence, threats, and physical violence may promote a culture of safety rather than an attitude that violence is part of the job. Finally, supervisors and peers can benefit from opportunities to support one other. The high prevalence of violence within certain subgroups of workers coupled with its wide-ranging consequences call for additional theoretical and empirical research and responsive policy to prioritize worker safety and wellbeing. (Edited publisher abstract)
Review of the literature on child protection and domestic violence electronic medical record alerts
- Authors:
- FLAHERTY Rosemaria, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Child Abuse Review, 30(2), 2021, pp.130-140.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
The aim of this systematic literature review was to identify peer-reviewed publications on the use and/or evaluation of child protection or domestic violence alerts in electronic medical records. A systematic literature search yielded 751 results, with four articles retained for review. Two articles related to the Child Protection – Information Sharing electronic medical record alert system in England and two articles described a clinical decision-support alert operating in the background of an electronic medical record system in the emergency department of the Pittsburgh Children's Hospital, Pennsylvania, USA. No articles were identified that described domestic violence electronic medical record alert systems. Child protection electronic medical record alert systems are operating in healthcare facilities in several countries. However, despite their promise in terms of improving healthcare and service coordination for children and their families, research testing the efficacy of these systems is limited. (Edited publisher abstract)