Search results for ‘Subject term:"challenging behaviour"’ Sort:
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Challenging behaviours: prevalence and topographies
- Authors:
- LOWE K., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 51(8), August 2007, pp.625-636.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Variations in reported prevalence of challenging behaviour indicate the need for further epidemiological research to support accurate planning of future service provision. All services providing for people with learning disabilities across seven unitary authorities, with a total population of 1.2 million, were screened to identify people with challenging behaviour. Interviews were conducted with primary carers to gain data on identified individuals' characteristics and support. Measures designed for a similar study conducted in Manchester University were incorporated to allow direct comparison with earlier findings, together with standardized tools to assess adaptive behaviour and social impairment. In total, 4.5 (2.5–7.5) people per 10,000 population were rated as seriously challenging, representing 10% (5.5–16.8%) of the learning disability population; the most prevalent general form was other difficult/disruptive behaviour, with non-compliance being the most prevalent topography. The majority showed multiple behaviours and multiple topographies within each general behaviour category. Also identified were substantial numbers of additional people reported as presenting challenging behaviours at lower degrees of severity. Prevalence rates for seriously challenging behaviours were comparable to those reported in the earlier studies, thus confirming previous findings. The prevalence of less serious challenging behaviour also has major clinical significance and emphasizes the need for enhanced understanding and skills among personnel within primary- and secondary-tier health, education and social care services, and for strengthening the capacity of community teams to provide behavioural expertise.
Challenging behaviour: the prospect for change
- Author:
- MANSELL Jim
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Learning Disabilities, 22(1), 1994, pp.2-5.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Considers the current situation for people with learning disabilities who also have challenging behaviour, and how that situation can be improved.
Research note: identifying individuals with learning disabilities whose behaviour challenges our services
- Authors:
- SPEAKE Brian, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Research Policy and Planning, 9(2), 1991, pp.27-30.
- Publisher:
- Social Services Research Group
Describes the collection of data on individuals relating to their functional abilities and challenging behaviour.
The basic tenet
- Author:
- McGEE J.
- Journal article citation:
- Nursing Times, 8.8.90, 1990, pp.68-72.
- Publisher:
- Nursing Times
Argues that the essence of "gentle teaching" lies in inter-actions with people who exhibit challenging behaviours based on unconditional value giving.
The emperor's new clothes?
- Author:
- TURNBULL J.
- Journal article citation:
- Nursing Times, 8.8.90, 1990, pp.64-65, 68.
- Publisher:
- Nursing Times
The author claims that "gentle teaching" for people with challenging behaviour is based on existing behaviour modification procedures.
An introduction to residential child care: managing challenging behaviour
- Authors:
- SOCIAL CARE INSTITUTE FOR EXCELLENCE, STANLEY Jonathan, SAINSBURY Mary
- Publisher:
- Social Care Institute for Excellence
- Publication year:
- 2008
- Place of publication:
- London
This e-learning resource explores how children communicate through their behaviour and covers techniques for managing challenging behaviour. It aims to improve understanding of: the notion of behaviour as communication; how to manage challenging behaviour in a planned way; key issues with regards conflict resolution, diverting and de-escalating challenging situations and restraint; tools and techniques for conflict resolution, diverting and de-escalating challenging situations and restraint; and the key stage of debriefing.
Assessment of challenging behaviours with the Nisonger Child Behavior Rating Form: agreement/disagreement between frequency and severity ratings
- Authors:
- MAKHLUF Yasmin Farage, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability, 46(4), 2021, pp.370-374.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Background: The Nisonger Child Behavior Rating Form (NCBRF) allows for the assessment of frequency and severity of challenging behaviours of individuals with ID with one combined rating. However, frequency and severity rating of challenging behaviours may be in disagreement. Therefore, the efficacy of frequency and severity independent ratings for each NCBRF item was investigated. Method: Professional caregivers of 105 individuals with ID completed the NCBRF with separate frequency and severity ratings and the Vineland-II. Results: Magnitudes of correlation coefficients between frequency and severity rating of each NCBRF item were mostly trivial, small, or medium. However, the differences between the magnitude of the corresponding correlation coefficients of frequency and severity rating of each NCBRF item when related to the Vineland-II adaptive behaviour dimensions were rarely statistically significantly. Conclusions: Despite the need for further comparisons with other challenging behaviour scales, the separate use of frequency and severity ratings seems to be useful. (Edited publisher abstract)
Very frequent physical aggression and vocalizations in nursing home residents with dementia
- Authors:
- VELDWIJK-ROUWENHORST Annelies E., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Aging and Mental Health, 25(8), 2021, pp.1442-1451.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Objectives: We investigated the 2-week prevalence and correlates of very frequent physical aggression (PA) and vocalizations in nursing home (NH)-residents with dementia. Method/Design: This cross-sectional study used combined data of 2074 NH-residents from four studies, collected from 119 dementia special care units in 26 Dutch NH. Very frequent PA was defined as scoring 6 or 7 on the items ‘hitting’, pushing’, ‘biting’ and ‘kicking’ of the Cohen Mansfield Agitation Inventory; very frequent vocalizations as scoring 6 or 7 on ‘screaming’ and ‘making strange noises’. We compared NH-residents with very frequent PA or vocalizations with residents with less frequent PA or vocalizations, assessing correlates using univariate and multivariate multilevel logistic regression analyses. Results: We found a 2-week prevalence of 2.2% (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.63–2.89) of very frequent PA and 11.5% of very frequent vocalizations (95% CI: 10.23–12.98). Very frequent PA was only associated with apathy (odds ratio (OR)=1.93, 95% CI: 1.04–3.61). Correlates of very frequent vocalizations were age (OR = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.951–0.998), dementia severity (overall p-value 0.020), antipsychotic drug use (OR = 1.56, 95% CI: 1.08–2.26), antiepileptic drug use (OR = 2.75, 95% CI: 1.34–5.68) and euphoria (OR = 2.01, 95% CI: 1.22–3.31). Conclusion: Characteristics of NH-residents with very frequent PA or very frequent vocalizations differ from those of NH-residents with less frequent PA or vocalizations. Frontal lobe damage, boredom, pain and/or external factors may explain several of the found associations, but further research is necessary. Our findings may contribute to better care for these residents and thereby to improving their quality of life. (Edited publisher abstract)
Challenging behavior of nursing home residents during COVID-19 measures in the Netherlands
- Authors:
- LEONTJEVAS Ruslan, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Aging and Mental Health, 25(7), 2021, pp.1314-1319.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Objectives: From the perspective of the nursing home (NH) practitioners, to gain understanding of (1) whether challenging behavior in NH residents changed during the COVID-19 measures, (2) whether the practitioners’ involvement in the treatment of challenging behavior changed, (3) what can be learned from the experience of NH staff. Methods: A mixed methods study with a survey in 323 NH practitioners (psychologists, elderly care physicians, nurse practitioners) in the Netherlands, and in-depth interviews in 16 NH practitioners. Nonparametric analyses were used to compare estimated proportions of residents with increased and with decreased challenging behavior. Content analyses were conducted for open-ended questions and in-depth interviews. Results: Participants reported changes in challenging behavior with slightly higher proportions for increased (Q1/Mdn/Q3: 12.5%, 21.7%, 30.8%) than for decreased (8.7%, 14.8%, 27.8%, Z = –2.35, p = .019) challenging behavior. Half of the participants reported that their work load increased and work satisfaction worsened during the measures. Different strategies were described to respond to the effects of COVID-19 measures, such as video calls, providing special areas for residents to meet their loved ones, adjusting activities, and reducing the exposure to negative news. Conclusions: Because COVID-19 measures resulted in both increased and decreased challenging behavior in NH residents, it is important to monitor for their potential long lasting effects. Increased work load and worsened work satisfaction of the NH staff, together with the changes in type of challenging behavior, indicate that the harmful effects of the anti-pandemic measures should be taken seriously. (Edited publisher abstract)
Family caregivers’ liability for damage inflicted by persons with dementia under their care: a study of the 2016 Japanese Supreme Court ruling
- Author:
- MURAYAMA Kayo
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Social Welfare and Family Law, 43(2), 2021, pp.143-152.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
By analysing the 2016 Japanese Supreme Court case concerning family caregivers’ liability for damages caused by a person with dementia who was killed by a train while wandering, this article suggests how to address similar cases in the future, considering the rights of persons with dementia to live in the community. The Court absolved the deceased’s wife and son from liability and defined four criteria to find a person liable for damages: (a) the caregiver’s living, mental, and physical conditions; (b) the conditions of the caregiver’s involvement with a person with a mental disability; (c) the nature and incidence of the problematic behaviours of the person with a mental disability; and (d) the circumstances surrounding their supervision and care. This was the Supreme Court’s first presentation of the criteria for establishing liability for a ‘Person Equivalent to a Supervisor’. To guarantee the rights of a person with dementia to live in the community, the burden on family caregivers must be reduced, and the range of caregivers broadened to include non-family providers. The Court sought to reduce the caregivers’ burden, and if these criteria are applied appropriately, the human rights of dementia patients and caregivers will be protected. (Edited publisher abstract)