Search results for ‘Subject term:"challenging behaviour"’ Sort:
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Music therapy in dementia: a narrative synthesis systematic review
- Authors:
- MCDERMOTT Orii, et al
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 28(8), 2013, pp.781-794.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
This systematic review uses a narrative synthesis format to determine evidence for effectiveness and provide insight into a model of action of music therapy. The narrative synthesis framework consists of four elements: (i) theory development; (ii) preliminary synthesis of findings; (iii) exploration of relationships between studies; and (iv) assessment of the robustness of the synthesis. Electronic and hand searches identified 263 potentially relevant studies. Eighteen studies met the full inclusion criteria. Three distinctive strands of investigations emerged: eight studies explored behavioural and psychological aspects, five studies investigated hormonal and physiological changes, and five studies focused on social and relational aspects of music therapy. The musical interventions in the studies were diverse, but singing featured as an important medium for change. Evidence for short-term improvement in mood and reduction in behavioural disturbance was consistent, but there were no high-quality longitudinal studies that demonstrated long-term benefits of music therapy. Future music therapy studies need to define a theoretical model, include better-focused outcome measures, and discuss how the findings may improve the well-being of people with dementia. (Edited publisher abstract)
Learning the language: building relationships with people with severe learning disability, autistic spectrum disorder and other challenging behaviours
- Authors:
- CALDWELL Poebe, (Author)
- Publisher:
- Pavilion
- Publication year:
- 2004
- Pagination:
- videocassette, booklet
- Place of publication:
- Brighton
This resource demonstrates the techniques carers can use to build positive relationships with people with severe learning disabilities and challenging behaviour. The author uses a combined approach of using a person’s own ‘language’ to communicate with them (Intensive Interaction) while also trying to reduce the stress they experience by an exploration of their sensory reality and hyper-sensitivities. This video shows: the author establishing contact for the first time with a man with severe autistic spectrum disorder. It supports workers demonstrating how they put the techniques into action in their daily routines and shoes how new ways of communicating can make a difference to the lives of all concerned. The guidance notes provide an overview of autistic spectrum disorder and Intensive Interaction.
Resident-to-resident relational aggression and subjective well-being in assisted living facilities
- Authors:
- TROMPETTER Hester, SCHOLTE Ron, WESTERHOF Gerben
- Journal article citation:
- Aging and Mental Health, 15(1), January 2011, pp.59-67.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
This paper examined the existence of relational aggression in a sample of residents from an assisted living facility. It also measured the relationship between relational aggression and resident's subjective well-being. Personal experiences as victims of aggression and subjective well-being were recorded for 121 residents from six care facilities. Aggression existed in assisted living facilities according to 19% of residents and 41% of nurses. Self-reports of victimisation of relational aggression were related to depression, anxiety, satisfaction with life and social loneliness. Nurse-reports of victimisation of relational aggression were not related to subjective well-being. Overall, self-reports of relational aggression seem to be better predictors of resident’s well-being than nurse-reports of relational aggression. The authors concluded that awareness of these findings and the discrepancy between nurse-reports and self-reports were important for future research regarding the social dynamics and living arrangements in elderly residential settings.
Social ecology of a residential special school for young people with challenging behaviours: a preliminary report
- Authors:
- SMITH Kate, LITTLE David, FURNISS Frederick
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 20(2), March 2007, pp.99-104.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Little is known about the social ecology of residential schools. This study examined staff/student interaction and student activity in a traditional residential unit and an 'independent living unit' (ILU) in a school for students with intellectual disabilities and challenging behaviour. Staff and student behaviours were observed for 23 students aged 8–16 years, five from the ILU and 18 from the traditional unit. Students received staff assistance to complete activity for under 6% and 1% of time, and were constructively engaged for under 50% and 20% of time, in the traditional unit and ILU respectively. Few differences were found between the units. Despite higher staffing ratios, levels of staff assistance and attention and resident activity in the school resemble mean levels in comparable adult community services. Further research into outcomes in residential schools seems warranted.
An evaluation of specialized community-based residential supports for people with challenging behaviour
- Authors:
- GOLDING Laura, EMERSON Eric, THORNTON Amanda
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual Disabilities, 9(2), June 2005, pp.145-154.
- Publisher:
- Sage
- Place of publication:
- London
This study explored the effects of relocation from institutional to specialized community-based residential provision for six men with mild to moderate intellectual disabilities and challenging behaviour and for a comparison group of six men with mild to moderate intellectual disabilities and challenging behaviour who were already living in specialized community based residential provision. Relocation was associated with: (1) a significant increase in participants’ domestic activity skills; (2) a decrease in the observed occurrence of some problem behaviours; (3) an increase in quality of life; and (4) an increase in engagement and staff contact. The community group, however, also showed some improvements over time, most notably in their levels of engagement in meaningful activity and staff contact. The implications of these results for service provision and suggestions for future research are discussed.
What does good look like? A guide for observing services for people with learning disabilities and/or autism
- Authors:
- BEADLE-BROWN Julie, MURPHY Bev
- Publishers:
- United Response, University of Kent. Tizard Centre
- Publication year:
- 2016
- Pagination:
- 38
- Place of publication:
- Wimbledon
This guide outlines what good support looks like in services for people with learning disabilities and/or autism and provides a set of observable practices that can indicate that a service is implementing person centred approaches. The definition of ‘good’ is based on both research and good practice and emphasises the nature and quality of the support needed to ensure good quality of life outcomes for people with learning disabilities and/or autism. The guide focuses on four different elements: support for engagement in meaningful activities and relationships; support for communication; autism friendly support; and support for individuals who display challenging behaviour. For each of these four elements the guide outlines what good practice looks like and why each element is important. The observable practices include: observations of what the individuals being support are doing, observations of what staff are doing, observations of what managers are doing, and systems and processes that are in place through records and talking to those present during the visit. It also provides advice on the observation process, with information on what to look for and how to evaluate the service. A checklist to help observers to record and rate the support being provided is also included. (Edited publisher abstract)
Behavioural and psychological symptoms in dementia and the challenges for family carers: systematic review
- Authors:
- FEAST Alexandra, et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 208(5), 2016, pp.429-434.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
Background: Tailored psychosocial interventions can help families to manage behavioural and psychological symptoms in dementia, but carer responses to their relative's behaviours contribute to the success of support programmes. Aims: To understand why some family carers have difficulty in dealing with behavioural and psychological symptoms in dementia, in order to improve the quality of personalised care that is offered. Method: A systematic review and meta-ethnographic synthesis was conducted of high-quality quantitative and qualitative studies between 1980 and 2012. Results: The review identified 25 high-quality studies and two main reasons for behaviours being reported as challenging by family carers: changes in communication and relationships, resulting in ‘feeling bereft’; and perceptions of transgressions against social norms associated with ‘misunderstandings about behaviour’ in the relative with dementia. The underlying belief that their relative had lost, or would inevitably lose, their identity to dementia was a fundamental reason why family carers experienced behaviour as challenging. Conclusions: Family carers' perceptions of behavioural and psychological symptoms in dementia as 'challenging' are associated with a sense of a declining relationship, transgressions against social norms and underlying beliefs that people with dementia inevitably lose their ‘personhood’. Interventions for the management of challenging behaviour in family settings should acknowledge unmet psychological need in family carers. (Edited publisher abstract)
The relation between intrapersonal and interpersonal staff behaviour towards clients with ID and challenging behaviour: a validation study of the Staff–Client Interactive Behaviour Inventory
- Authors:
- WILLEMS A. P. A. M., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 54(1), January 2010, pp.40-51.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Interpersonal staff behaviour (such as control, submission, friendliness and hostility) is associated with challenging behaviour in clients with intellectual disabilities (ID) and studies have shown the influence of intrapersonal staff characteristics (beliefs, attributions and emotional reactions) on staff behaviour. A key aim of this study was to develop and validate an instrument to measure staff-client interactive behaviour focusing on both inter and intrapersonal aspects. A total of 292 staff members, employed in residential and community services in the Netherlands, completed the Staff–Client Interactive Behaviour Inventory (SCIBI) for 34 clients with ID and challenging behaviour. Construct validity and reliability of the SCIBI was demonstrated by confirmatory factor analysis of a seven-factor model with: assertive control, hostile, friendly and support-seeking interpersonal behaviour; proactive thinking; self-reflection; and critical expressed emotion as reliable factors. Regression analyses showed higher age of the client to be negatively associated with assertive control. Job experience, level of education, type and sex of staff predicted interpersonal behaviour. Also, intrapersonal staff behaviour, including critical expressed emotion, proactive thinking and self-reflection, predicted interpersonal behaviour. It is conclude that the SCIBI can be used to identify staff intrapersonal and interpersonal behaviour and results obtained with the SCIBI can provide new directions for individual client treatment plans and staff training programmes.
Majority and minority ethnic family carers of adults with intellectual disabilities: perceptions of challenging behaviour and family impact
- Authors:
- HATTON Chris, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 23(1), January 2010, pp.63-74.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
A health service in an English city was concerned about its support to families with adults with intellectual disabilities and challenging behaviour. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven minority ethnic and seven majority ethnic family members to explore perceptions of challenging behaviour, support and the impact of the person on the family. These were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Four themes emerged: (i) A broad range of difficulties with the adult with intellectual disabilities. (ii) Varied relationships with local communities in acceptance and support. (iii) Varied but largely negative relationships with services. (iv) Varied relationships with the person with intellectual disabilities, from highly dependent relationships with negative consequences to more fulfilling relationships. Families from minority ethnic communities were more likely to report negative experiences. 'Challenging behaviour' services need to be considered within a much broader social and community context.
Who are you? Exploring strategies for interrelating with elders living with dementia in residential care - an ethnographic study
- Author:
- CALLABY Pilar L. M.
- Journal article citation:
- Generations Review, 17(3), July 2007, Online only
- Publisher:
- British Society of Gerontology
Irreversible dementia is challenging for everyone concerned. In a multi-method approach to data compilation, the following ethnographic study examines the interrelations between elders with dementia, their primary caregivers and their immediate family members within a residential environment. Methods included seventy hours of participant observation, four case studies, and detailed interviews with care staff and family members. Using symbolic interaction and thematic analysis to interpret the data, six themes were identified: security, abandonment, attachment, verbal and nonverbal communication, and interrelation through touch. A variety of skills used in avoiding challenging behaviour are presented, with a view to extending these skills across dementia care settings to encourage continuity of care in the home.