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Cognitive-behavioural training interventions for assisting foster carers in the management of difficult behaviour: review
- Authors:
- TURNER W., MACDONALD G.M., DENNIS J.A.
- Publisher:
- John Wiley and Sons
- Publication year:
- 2007
- Pagination:
- 43p.
- Place of publication:
- Chichester
Providing training for foster carers is thought to enhance caring attitudes and skills, help foster carers deal better with foster children's behaviour, and decrease foster carer attrition. Although training programs have proliferated, there has been minimal evaluative research to determine whether they are effective. This review attempted to determine the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioural training interventions. Only six trials met the inclusion criteria for the review. Results suggest little evidence of effect on looked-after children, foster carers and fostering agency outcomes. The relatively small number of trials indicates a need for further research in this area.
Towards new models of professional foster care
- Authors:
- AINSWORTH Frank, MALUCCIO Anthony
- Journal article citation:
- Adoption and Fostering, 27(4), Winter 2003, pp.46-50.
- Publisher:
- Sage
The authors propose two models of foster care to which, if further developed would add to the diversity of foster care services and make for a greater range of possible placements. The two models are: Family for Family, which involves the recruitment of a foster family for a birth family; and Circle of Friends, which is designed for children and young people whose behaviours exhaust traditional foster carers.
The impact of complex and unwanted feelings evoked in foster carers by traumatised children in long-term placements
- Author:
- BROWNING Andrew S.
- Journal article citation:
- Adoption and Fostering, 44(2), 2020, p.185–196.
- Publisher:
- Sage
When looked after children who have been exposed to substantial trauma enter foster care, the manner in which they present can be extremely challenging for the carers and can persist for a substantial period of time. In response, foster carers may attempt to create a nurturing environment for the children. However, the way the children behave can evoke powerful and unwelcome feelings in carers, such as rage and hatred towards those they look after. The manner in which the children present and the frightening feelings this may trigger can overwhelm the foster carers’ capacity to sustain a nurturing stance in relation to the children and jeopardise the placement. In this article, two case studies chart such a dynamic and show that if carers are able to reflect upon the painful and unwanted feelings evoked in them, and acknowledge and take responsibility for what has become enacted in the placement, there may be an opportunity for this harmful dynamic to be processed and repaired. Moreover, there may be a change in the nature of the relationship between carers and children, creating a renewed hope for the life of the placement. The child, too, may benefit from an experience where the frightening, hated aspects of him- or herself are finally felt to be understood and are less overwhelming, enabling them to tolerate these perceptions and contain their enactment in the placement, so increasing their trust and belief in the nurture offered. (Publisher abstract)
Challenging behaviour in foster care: what supports do foster carers want?
- Author:
- OCTOMAN Olivia
- Journal article citation:
- Adoption and Fostering, 38(2), 2014, pp.149-158.
- Publisher:
- Sage
Foster carers frequently report receiving insufficient or inadequate support for the challenging behaviour of the children they look after. There is a need to understand the support that foster carers require. This study explores foster carers' perspectives in order to inform the development of more effective support services. One hundred and eighty-seven foster carers completed an online survey that sought information about the nature and form of that potential support. The respondents desired accurate information about children's behaviour, good quality relationships with professionals and in-home support delivered by knowledgeable people (principally other foster carers). Preferences differed among carers serving different functions but less so according to the extent of their experience. (Publisher abstract)
Foster parenting step-by-step: how to nurture the traumatized child and overcome conflict
- Author:
- GOPAL Kalyani
- Publisher:
- Jessica Kingsley
- Publication year:
- 2013
- Pagination:
- 160p.
- Place of publication:
- London
This book is a concise, realistic how-to guide to fostering. It summarises what to expect as a foster parent, and aims to offer hope as well as immediate hands-on solutions. It guides carers through the different stages of a fostering relationship, including common issues encountered at each age and how to tackle them. It also explains the impact of trauma on the child, how this can show itself through challenging behaviour and how to respond to it. The book has been written to empower foster parents and to provide them with the skills and knowledge to be more successful in their parenting. It will help them to work reflectively and consider the options and issues that the child they are looking after is facing, together with ideas about strategies that might usefully be used in understanding and managing situations. Chapters include: the motivational stage, the planning stage, the welcoming stage, displacement trauma, the adapting stage, the educational stage, the empowering stage and the letting go/adopting stage.
Full-time fostering gets airborne
- Author:
- WINCHESTER Ruth
- Journal article citation:
- Community Care, 24.8.00, 2000, pp.10-11.
- Publisher:
- Reed Business Information
The need to attract foster carers and the difficulties of dealing with challenging teenagers have led many councils to pay for full-time foster carers. However, schemes of this kind are fraught with potential problems. Looks at what could go wrong.
Taking Care Triple P for foster parents with young children in foster care: results of a 1-year randomized trial
- Authors:
- JOB Ann-Katrin, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 37(1-2), 2022, pp.322-348.
- Publisher:
- Sage
Young children with a history of maltreatment or neglect in foster families often confront their caregivers with particularly challenging behaviors. This may lead to more parenting stress, an increased risk for the child in foster care to experience further maltreatment, and placement disruptions. The researchers conducted a randomized controlled trial to investigate the efficacy of a parent group training tailored to the special needs of foster families. The researchers hypothesized significant short- and long-term improvements regarding foster parents’ parenting competencies, child mental health problems, and related outcomes. Eighty-one families with 87 children in foster care aged 2 to 7 years participated in the trial. For the intervention study, 44 randomly selected families (54%) were offered to participate in the parent group training. Intervention and control group families were reassessed three times over a period of 1 year. Contrary to expectations, this study found no advantages of the intervention group compared with the usual care control group on any outcome measure. Instead, this study found some significant changes in both groups across time. Placement into foster care is associated with some favourable outcomes for children in foster care. Additional support for foster families beyond the services delivered in the youth welfare system to foster parents was not associated with more favourable outcomes. The present intervention is likely associated with a low risk of harm but also with a high likelihood of a lack of significant benefits for foster parents and their young children going beyond feeling satisfied about the delivered services. Participating foster families showed favourable baseline results on parenting measures which may have impeded intervention effects to unfold on these proximal variables. (Edited publisher abstract)
Brief, group-based parent-child interaction therapy: examination of treatment attrition, non-adherence, and non-response
- Authors:
- BLAIR Katelyn, TOPITZES James, MERSKY Joshua P.
- Journal article citation:
- Children and Youth Services Review, 106, 2019, p.104463.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) has been shown to reduce challenging child behaviour and improve parenting skills, yet treatment attrition, non-adherence and non-response remain matters of concern. This study analyzes rates and factors associated with attrition, non-adherence, and non-response using data from a randomised controlled trial of foster parent-child dyads who received brief, group-based PCIT. Multivariate logistic regressions demonstrated that, as compared to prior estimates of conventional outpatient PCIT, rates of treatment attrition, non-adherence and non-response from the group-based PCIT intervention were low. Compared to other racial/ethnic groups, rates of attrition were significantly higher among African American foster parents. No study variables were linked to treatment non-adherence. Foster parent ratings of child externalizing symptoms were positively associated with non-response. Implications for promoting retention and treatment effectiveness, successfully integrating PCIT into child welfare services and advancing future research are discussed. (Edited publisher abstract)
High stress experienced in the foster and kin carer role: understanding the complexities of the carer and child in context
- Authors:
- HARDING Leith, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Children and Youth Services Review, 95, 2018, pp.316-326.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
With the rising numbers of children in need of out-of-home care, child protection services look to foster and kin carers to play a leading role in the lives of children unable to live with their birth families. The current study examined placement, carer, and child characteristics related to perceived foster parent stress in a sample of 158 foster and kin carers in Queensland, Australia. Carers completed a self-report online survey that assessed parenting stress, and carer perceptions of the child in their care and the child protection system. Overall, foster carers reported high stress, with 20% in the clinical range on the Parenting Stress Index (PSI-4-SF). This stress was significantly higher for those providing care for children with carer-reported high emotional and behavioural problems. Both foster carer stress and the child's emotional and behavioural challenges were significantly related to placement factors, such as, the length of time the child had been in their current placement, and the child protection court order under which the child had been placed. The findings of the study highlight the challenges to caregivers in out-of-home care and the need for individualised services, resources and supports for caregivers under stress. (Edited publisher abstract)
Parenting stress and parenting behavior among foster mothers of foster children with externalizing problems
- Authors:
- VANSCHOONLANDT Femke, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Children and Youth Services Review, 35(10), 2013, p.1742–1750.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
Foster children often have externalising problems. Since foster parents are selected and trained, they are often expected to be able to handle the externalising problems of these children. Very little is, however, known about foster parents' parenting stress and parenting behaviour in the context of challenging foster caregiving. In this study, the parenting stress and parenting behaviour of 39 foster mothers of recently placed foster children with externalising problems were studied. By using standardised measures with normative data, foster mothers' scores on different parenting stress and parenting behavior subscales were compared to published norms. Foster mothers of children with externalising problems experienced more parenting stress than the norm group. The parenting context, provided by these foster mothers, was similar to the parenting context provided by the norm group. The prevalence of specific dysfunctional parenting behaviours (e.g., less involvement in positive parenting) was small to moderate, but nearly half of the foster mothers could be classified as making dysfunctional adaptations to their parenting environment. Moreover, only the minority of foster mothers provided an adaptive parenting context (e.g., more than average involvement in positive parenting). The implications of these results for pre-service training and on-going support for foster parents are discussed. (Publisher abstract)