Search results for ‘Subject term:"challenging behaviour"’ Sort:
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The impact of superstition on behaviour in dementia
- Author:
- CARR Irene
- Journal article citation:
- Nursing Times, 13.11.07, 2007, pp.34-35.
- Publisher:
- Nursing Times
This qualitative study explores the possibility of superstition as a causal factor in some challenging behaviours shown by older people with dementia. In the study, carried out in Guernsey, local people, particularly older people, were informally interviewed to identify local superstitions. The study found at least three separate episodes of distressed and disruptive behaviour exhibited by people with dementia that appeared to have a direct causal link to superstitious practices.
Connotations of labels for mental handicap and challenging behaviour: a review and research evaluation
- Authors:
- HASTINGS Richard P., REMINGTON Bob
- Journal article citation:
- Mental Handicap Research, 6(3), 1993, pp.237-249.
- Publisher:
- BIMH Publications
The terms used to denote the concepts of mental handicap and challenging behaviour are a matter of continuing controversy. In the first part of this paper, research concerned with evaluating the impact of such labels is reviewed, and the value of semantic technique for assessing the connotative effect of labels is proposed. In the second part, this approach was evaluated in a study which found that the more recently coined terms were rated more favourably than more traditional descriptions. Nevertheless, virtually all the terms assessed carried negative, rather than neutral or positive, connotations. The results are discussed in terms of the need to devise descriptions that will promote more positive social representations of mental handicap.
Evaluating staff training: taking account of interactions between staff and clients with intellectual disability and challenging behaviour
- Authors:
- OORSOUW Wietske M. W. J. van, EMBREGTS Petri J.C.M., BOSMAN Anna M.T.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability, 38(4), 2013, pp.356-364.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Background: Three aspects in the training of staff who serve clients with mild to moderate intellectual disability and challenging behaviour (CB) have been emphasised: Staff attitudes, self-awareness, and clients' perspectives. This study investigates whether programmes include these aspects. Method: A systematic search yielded 11 relevant articles. Results: Generally, all programmes aimed to improve staff knowledge and skills. Client variables concerned frequencies and severities of CB. None of the studies included clients' perspectives or staff attitudes and self-awareness. Conclusions: The fact that staff attitudes and awareness or clients' perspectives were not among the main goals of the training studies suggests that recent views of effective treatment of CB are not yet the object of scientific study. Given the acknowledgment of these aspects, it is warranted that future research focuses upon these recent insights. (Publisher abstract)
Who’s challenging who?
- Authors:
- DAVIES Rhodri, HUTCHINSON Lisa
- Journal article citation:
- Llais, 103, Summer 2012, pp.9-11.
- Publisher:
- Learning Disability Wales
This article describes the work of “Who’s challenging who?”, an 18-month knowledge transfer partnership between Mencap Cymru and Bangor University. It aims to improve challenging behaviour services for people with a learning disability by improving staff attitudes and increasing empathy. The work was done with Claire Bowler and Martin Banks, two people who have previously displayed challenging behaviour. Martin and Claire helped to co-author and deliver a series of pilot training sessions to social and healthcare staff across Wales. The staff gained a notable change in attitudes and more empathy towards people with challenging behaviour. Encouragingly, over 75% of people on the sessions said that they thought training in this area was a good use of their time, and the same number said that they would apply what they learned in their jobs.
Changes in attributions as a consequence of training for challenging and complex behaviour for carers of people with learning disabilities: a systematic review
- Authors:
- WILLIAMS Sophie, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 25(3), May 2012, pp.203-216.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
The overall aim of this paper was to critically review studies of staff training in challenging behaviour, which included the measurement of staff beliefs about challenging behaviour. It had three specific objectives: to review the main constructs and measures that were used to identify the theoretical assumptions that underpinned them; to discover whether carers’ beliefs were changed as a result of training; and to make suggestions on further work focusing on staff cognitive change in challenging behaviour training. Papers were included if they reported outcomes for carer training on the behaviour of people with intellectual disabilities and used a measure of carer attribution of the behaviour of people with intellectual disabilities. Eleven papers were reviewed, most studies using behavioural curricula for their training, and none explicitly set out to change attributions. Eight of the 11 papers reviewed reported changes in attribution although core characteristics of training did not distinguish those papers that reported such changes and those that did not. The authors conclude that changes in beliefs and attributions occur even though these are not identified as a focus within the training provided. They suggest that the formulation processes involved in behavioural training may play a key part in changing attributions as a consequence of this training.
The relationship between challenging behaviour, burnout and cognitive variables in staff working with people who have intellectual disabilities
- Authors:
- MILLS S., ROSE J.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 55(9), September 2011, pp.844-857.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Previous research leads to the hypothesis that negative emotions and the way in which staff perceive challenging behaviour may mediate the relationship between burnout in those working with people with intellectual disabilities (ID) and clients’ challenging behaviour. The aim of this study was to confirm the nature of this relationship. Seventy-eight staff working in variety of service settings in England completed measures of burnout, challenging behaviour and perceptions about challenging behaviour. The perceptions explored included beliefs about the timeline of behaviour, staff's perception of whether they have control over the behaviour, beliefs about clients' ability to control the behaviour and staff's negative emotional responses. Significant positive correlations were found between challenging behaviour and burnout, challenging behaviour and cognitive variables, and cognitive variables and burnout. Regression analyses demonstrated that negative emotions did indeed mediate the relationship between challenging behaviour and burnout. The results also show that higher levels of challenging behaviour were correlated with higher levels of fear of assault.
Attribution theory applied to helping behaviour toward people with intellectual disabilities who challenge
- Authors:
- WILLNER Paul, SMITH Mark
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 21(1), March 2008, pp.150-155.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Attribution theory posits that helping behaviour is determined in part by the potential helper’s attributions and emotions regarding the behaviour that requires help. Specifically, helping is considered to be more likely if stability is perceived as low, generating optimism for change, and if controllability is perceived as low, engendering high levels of sympathy and low levels of anger. A systematic literature search was conducted to identify studies that have tested these predictions in relation to carers’ propensity to help people with intellectual disabilities who display challenging behaviour. The literature is inconsistent and provides at best partial support for the theory. This situation differs from that seen in the general population, where the predictions of attribution theory are broadly supported. Three potential explanations for this discrepancy are considered: the reliability of the largely vignette-based methodology, the fact that most studies fail to define ‘helping’ explicitly and the possibility that attribution theory might apply only to low-frequency behaviours.
Community-based Residential Supports for People with Intellectual Disabilities and Challenging Behaviour: The Views of Neighbours
- Authors:
- ROBERTSON Janet, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 18(1), March 2005, pp.85-92.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
The issue of the views of neighbours of community-based residential supports for people with intellectual disabilities and challenging behaviour has not been examined till date. This study looks at the views of neighbours of two types of community-based residential supports: non-congregate settings where the minority of residents have challenging behaviour; and congregate settings where the majority of residents have challenging behaviour. A self-completion questionnaire was used to collect information on contact between neighbours, residents and staff, and the views of neighbours. Information was also collected by semi-structured interview with service staff on the characteristics of settings. Sixty-four questionnaires were returned. Contact between neighbours and service users was limited for both types of setting, with two-thirds of neighbours not knowing any service users by name, and a third having had no active contact with service users. Neighbours of non-congregate settings were more likely to think that community care was a 'good policy' (76%) than neighbours of congregate settings (53%) and to believe that there were benefits to the neighbourhood from having the group home in the area (46% versus 29%) but these differences were not significant. Contact with people with intellectual disabilities was associated with more positive attitudes to community care and specific characteristics of the settings. Contact between neighbours and people with severe intellectual disabilities and challenging behaviour is limited. However, the majority of neighbours are positive about community care and the problems reported by neighbours are predominantly minor. The results point to the key role that contact plays in fostering positive attitudes. Findings regarding differences between congregate and non-congregate settings are limited by the small number of responses from neighbours of congregate settings.
Attributional styles of support staff working with people with intellectual disabilities exhibiting challenging behaviour
- Authors:
- BOGAARD Kim J.H.M. van den, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 33(3), 2020, pp.465-474.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Background: Attributions are cognitive variables that influence a person's behaviour. Although a large volume of research has been conducted on the attributions of support staff with regard to challenging behaviour (CB) exhibited by people with intellectual disabilities (ID), studies on patterns of attributional dimensions (i.e. attributional styles) are scarce. Method: Using semi‐structured interviews, 19 support staff members were asked to describe incidents of aggressive, self‐injurious and sexualized challenging behaviour. Data on attributions were analysed using the Leeds Attributional Coding System. Results: Four attributional styles differed significantly for aggressive, self‐injurious and sexualized challenging behaviour. In addition, support staff members largely attributed these three types of CB to characteristics and behaviour of clients with ID. Conclusions: the results indicate that it is important to train support staff to recognize and understand the ways in which their attributions and behaviour influence the existence and maintenance of CB. (Publisher abstract)
The behaviours that dementia care home staff in South Africa find challenging: an exploratory study
- Authors:
- VAN WYK Adele, MANTHORPE Jill, CLARK Charlotte
- Journal article citation:
- Dementia: the International Journal of Social Research and Practice, 16(7), 2017, p.865–877.
- Publisher:
- Sage
Background: Behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia are often the reasons for moving to a care home. Care staff, often with limited dementia training, may have to support residents with distressed behaviour on a daily basis. Evidence about the support of residents with distressed or challenging behaviour in the South African context is lacking. This exploratory study aimed to gain an understanding of what care home staff perceived to be distressed behaviour, their coping strategies and how they learned to work with residents with behavioural symptoms of dementia. Methods: An exploratory study was conducted among 17 participants working in four care homes in the Western Cape province of South Africa in 2014. Semi-structured interviews were audio-recorded. Data were analysed thematically. Findings: Findings reflected the literature with regard to examples of behavioural symptoms of people with dementia that staff find challenging to manage. Overall, the majority of staff reported holding positive feelings about working with people with dementia. All preferred interpersonal approaches to manage distressed behaviour above medication although a small minority noted the use of medication in some cases. Dementia training was considered by most participants as an unmet need. Conclusion: This exploratory study identified care home workers’ desires for training about dementia and their preferences for interpersonal as opposed to pharmacological approaches to managing residents’ distressed behaviour. The legacy of race and cultural perspectives in South Africa appears to still influence care practice and provision. Staff commitment, their interest in advancing their practice and their aspirations to offer more person-centred care were evident. Dementia training was identified as potentially helpful to care home staff who manage residents’ distressed behaviour. Training should be developed in South Africa to promote good practice. (Edited publisher abstract)