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Stressful life events in older bipolar patients
- Authors:
- BEYER John L., et al
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 23(12), December 2008, pp.1271-1275.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Theories about the impact of stressful life events (SLE) in bipolar disorder have focused on their role early in the disease. This study aimed to assess the impact of SLE in late life bipolar disorder. Negative SLE experienced by older bipolar subjects was evaluated and compared with younger bipolar subjects and older controls for number, type, and their association with phase of illness, age of onset, and previous episodes. Both younger and older bipolar subjects have more SLE than similarly aged controls. There was no significant difference in the number of stressors that younger and older bipolar subjects experienced, based on mood state, previous episodes, or age-of-onset. Both older and younger depressed bipolar subjects reported more SLE in the previous 12 months compared with those in a manic state. Negative SLE are much more prevalent in bipolar patients compared with age-matched controls, and continue to be frequent in later life.
Burden on caregivers of older patients with bipolar disorder
- Authors:
- DOLS Annemiek, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Aging and Mental Health, 22(5), 2018, pp.686-691.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Objectives: Available data suggest high burden on caregivers of patients with bipolar disorder (BD), yet the well-being of patients with BD increasingly depends on family members, partners and close friends. As patients with BD get older, the need for informal care may shift. We aimed to describe the caregivers of older adults with BD (OABD) and explore what patients' and caregivers' characteristics are associated with caregiver burden. Method: Forty-seven caregivers of OABD were questioned about their perceived burden and depressive symptoms. Linear regression analyses were performed to examine the influence of various patients' and caregivers' characteristics on caregiver burden or depression. Results: More than half of all caregivers experienced some degree of burden,and 6.4% reported depressive symptoms. The number of psychiatric admissions and social functioning were the only patients' characteristics associated with higher burden. Caregiver burden was significantly associated with caregiver's other obligations. None of the patient or caregiver characteristics was significantly associated with depression in caregivers of OABD. Conclusion: In OABD, even with few residual symptoms, more than half of all caregivers experience substantial burden. Future studies are needed to confirm if improving social functioning and preventing psychiatric hospitalizations decrease the burden on the caregivers of OABD. (Edited publisher abstract)
Financial difficulties in bipolar disorder part 1: longitudinal relationships with mental health
- Authors:
- RICHARDSON Thomas, JANSEN Megan, FITCH Chris
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Mental Health, 27(6), 2018, pp.595-601.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- London
Background: There has been little research on whether finances affect mental health in bipolar disorder. Aims: This study aimed to examine the relationship between finances and mental health in bipolar disorder across two time points. Methods: Fifty-four participants with bipolar disorder in a National Health Service community mental health service completed questionnaires examining financial difficulties, compulsive buying and perceived financial well-being. Questionnaires also measured alcohol dependence, stress, depression, anxiety, past and current manic symptoms. Results: Partial correlations showed correlations over time: depression, anxiety and stress predicted later compulsive buying. Compulsive buying also predicted later anxiety. Lower perceived financial wellness increased anxiety and stress over time. Being on benefits was associated with higher depression and going without items such as clothes was linked to higher depression, stress, anxiety and past hypomanic symptoms. Conclusions: Financial difficulties are related to mental health in bipolar disorder. Poor mental health leads to compulsive buying, whereas worry about finances increases anxiety and stress, with a vicious cycle for anxiety. (Publisher abstract)
Impact of stressful life events, familial loading and their interaction on the onset of mood disorders: study in a high-risk cohort of adolescent offspring of parents with bipolar disorder
- Authors:
- MANON H .J., et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 185(8), August 2004, pp.97-101.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
Stressfullife events are established as risk factors for the onset of mood disorders, but few studies have investigated their impact on the development of mood disorders in adolescents. The aim was to study the effect of life events on the development of mood disorders in the offspring of parents with bipolar disorder, with respect to the possibility of a decay effect and modification by familial loading. In a high-risk cohort of 140 Dutch adolescent offspring of parents with bipolar disorder, we assessed life events, current and past DSM—IV diagnoses and familial loading. To explore their interaction and impact on mood disorder onset, we constructed four different models and used a multivariate survival analysis with time-dependent covariates. The relationship between life events and mood disorder was described optimally with a model in which the effects of life events gradually decayed by 25% per year. The effect of life event load was not significantly stronger in the case of high familial loading. Independent of familial loading, life events increase the liability to mood disorders in children of patients with bipolar disorder but the effects slowly diminish with time.
Parenting well when you're depressed: a complete resource for maintaining a healthy family
- Authors:
- NICHOLSON Joanne, et al
- Publisher:
- New Harbinger
- Publication year:
- 2001
- Pagination:
- 234p.,list of orgs.,bibliog.
- Place of publication:
- Oakland
According to the 1999 U.S. Surgeon Generals' Report on Mental Health almost one quarter of women and fifteen percent of men suffer from some kind of mood disorder, such as depression or bipolar disorder. The majority of these men and women are also parents and there is a significant body of research that says children can be affected by their parents' depression. The most noticeable effect of parental depression is a lack of response by parents to their children, coupled with general feelings of sadness and irritability. A group of practitioners and researchers at the University of Massachusetts Medical School, representing several disciplines including psychology, occupational therapy, psychiatric rehabilitation, and counselling have produced a self-help resource guide aimed at these parents. The resource guide opens with a self-assessment questionnaire that enables the reader to identify their strengths and which areas need working on. The reader can then either read the book from cover to cover or go straight to which chapters are most relevant to their needs. Areas covered by the resource guide include: mood management; balancing work and parenting; managing household finances; family safety; communicating with children about depression; play and recreation; self-advocacy; the legal system, and; contact with children when they with live with others.
Family functioning and mental illness: a comparison of psychiatric and nonclinical families
- Authors:
- FRIEDMANN Michael S., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Family Process, 36(4), December 1997, pp.357-367.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Examines adaptive functioning in the families of patients with a wide range of psychiatric disorders. Seven dimensions of family functioning, as measured by the Family Assessment Device (FAD), were compared across families of patients with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder, bipolar disorder, major depression, anxiety disorder, eating disorder, substance abuse disorder, and adjustment disorder. Results indicated that having a family member with a psychiatric illness is a general stressor for families, and family interventions should be considered for most patients who require a psychiatric hospitalisation for either the onset of, or an acute exacerbation of, any psychiatric disorder.