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Pediatric bipolar disorder: part I - is it related to classical bipolar
- Authors:
- LITTRELL Jill, LYONS Peter
- Journal article citation:
- Children and Youth Services Review, 32(7), July 2010, pp.945-964.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
A new diagnosis for children has emerged in the last decade: paediatric bipolar disorder. Children who, in the past, would have been given other diagnoses are now being relabelled as paediatric bipolar. This paper examines whether the children being labelled with this belong to the same population as well-characterised bipolar I disorder of the past. It begins with a description of well-characterised bipolar I adults of the past, and retrospective studies examining the childhood characteristics of adults with bipolar are reviewed. The paper then examines the types of children receiving the diagnosis of paediatric bipolar and delineates how the behaviour of these children differs from the pattern of behaviour exhibited by adults with classical bipolar, thus raising the question of whether paediatric bipolar is a childhood manifestation of classical bipolar. The article discusses the changes in the DSM IV which greatly expanded the types of persons included under the bipolar label, and reviews studies examining the children of parents with well-characterised bipolar I and studies examining children of parents meeting criteria under the expanded definition of bipolar. It concludes that only children of parents meeting criteria for bipolar under the expanded definition are similar to children being diagnosed with paediatric bipolar, while the children of parents with classical bipolar I are not similar. Because of this, the article questions the usefulness of having broadened the bipolar label to children and, perhaps, their parents. The article ends with studies suggesting that some children meeting criteria for bipolar behaviour will grow out of this behaviour.
I am me! Experiencing parenting while dealing with one's own bipolar disorder
- Authors:
- TJOFLÅT Marit, RAMVI Ellen
- Journal article citation:
- Social Work in Mental Health, 11(1), 2013, pp.75-97.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
This article aims at achieving insight into acquiring an understanding of parenting while dealing with one's own bipolar disorder in Norway. It is based on results from in-depth interviews of six parents with bipolar disorder. The Findings indicated that the parents experienced diverse, complex, compound, and demanding challenges. However, the results also highlighted the fact that parents went through a change and growth process, in which they developed an experience-based competence perceived as being useful due to their living situation, including the strengthening of their parenting function and their personal recovery process. Aspects about how the time dimension in recovery, as well as how parents' dependence on their children can play both a central and paradoxical role in their lives, are discussed. Implications for the support system are discussed.
Parental communication style and family relationships in children of bipolar parents
- Authors:
- VANCE Yvonne H., et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 47(3), September 2008, pp.265-279.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
This study aimed to examine relationships between parental communication styles and family environment in parents with bipolar disorder (BD) and their children (CBP). On measures of parental communication styles and family environment, 20 BD parents and their 23 children (CBP) were compared to controls. Children completed a current mood measure. BD parents endorsed more negative communication styles and were less expressive than controls. CBP presented with more current or lifetime mood disorder diagnoses than control children (CC). Current depressive mood was associated with different perceptions of family environment for both CBP and CC. This familial high risk design indicated differences in family environment, parenting style, and in children of bipolar parents' perception of their family environment as it relates to their current mood.
Children of parents with mental illness 2: personal and clinical perspectives
- Editors:
- COWLING Vicki, (ed.)
- Publisher:
- Australian Council for Educational Research
- Publication year:
- 2004
- Pagination:
- 242p.
- Place of publication:
- Melbourne, VIC
The editor has brought together 20 contributors from various disciplines to produce a highly instructive book addressing “coalface” issues for children of mentally ill parents. Four of the contributors had experienced parents suffering from schizophrenia, depression, bipolar disorder and Huntington’s disease. The first part of the book provides some vital background information on the genetics, behavioural and psychosocial effects of major psychiatric illnesses. A chapter outlines the possible impact of different illnesses and their symptoms on infants and children of different ages. Different treatments for disorders, as well as preventive interventions, are also outlined. The role of the partner of the mentally ill parent and wider family ramifications are also considered. There is a chapter with advice on how to talk to children and another that examines the impact on adolescents. Another chapter relates anecdotes from the psychoanalysis of an 11-year-old boy who had been adopted away from his mentally ill mother at the age of 2½. There are other chapters on placing children in out-of-home care and adoption.
Cognitive vulnerability to bipolar disorder in offspring of parents with bipolar disorder
- Authors:
- PAVLICKOVA Hana, TURNBULL Oliver, BENTALL Richard P.
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 53(4), 2014, pp.386-401.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Background: Bipolar disorder is a highly heritable illness, with a positive family history robustly predictive of its onset. It follows that studying biological children of parents with bipolar disorder may provide information about developmental pathways to the disorder. Moreover, such studies may serve as a useful test of theories that attribute a causal role in the development of mood disorders to psychological processes. Method: Psychological style (including self-esteem, coping style with depression, domain-specific risk-taking, sensation-seeking, sensitivity to reward and punishment, and hypomanic personality and cognition) was assessed in 30 offspring of bipolar parents and 30 children of well parents. Parents of both child groups completed identical assessments. Results: Although expected differences between parents with bipolar disorder and well parents were detected (such as low self-esteem, increased rumination, high sensitivity to reward and punishment), offspring of bipolar parents were, as a group, not significantly different from well offspring, apart from a modest trend towards lower adaptive coping. When divided into affected and non-affected subgroups, both groups of index children showed lower novelty-seeking. Only affected index children showed lower self-esteem, increased rumination, sensitivity to punishment, and hypomanic cognitions. Notably, these processes were associated with symptoms of depression. Conclusion: Psychological abnormalities in index offspring were associated with having met diagnostic criteria for psychiatric illnesses and the presence of mood symptoms, rather than preceding them. Implications of the present findings for our understanding of the development of bipolar disorder, as well as for informing early interventions, are discussed. Practitioner points: Decreased active coping and seeking for novel stimuli might be one of first psychological indications relevant to the future development of mood disorders. Psychological abnormalities typical for individuals with mood disorders were present only in already affected offspring of parents with bipolar disorder. Limitations of the study: This was a cross-sectional study; longitudinal design would greatly enhance our understanding of the association between psychological processes and symptoms. The sample size in this study was modest. (Publisher abstract)
The relationship between parental psychiatric disorder and child physical and sexual abuse: findings form the Ontario health supplement
- Authors:
- WALSH Christine, MACMILLIAN Harriet, JAMIESON Ellen
- Journal article citation:
- Child Abuse and Neglect, 26(1), January 2002, pp.11-21.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
The study's goal was to examine the relationships between a history of parental psychiatric disorder and a history of child abuse in a general population sample of Ontario residents. The lifetime prevalence of either parent with a psychiatric disorder was as follows: 14.1% for depression, 3.7% for manic depression, 2.4% for schizophrenia, 2.4% for anti social behaviour, and 17.3% for any parental psychiatric disorder. Respondents reporting a parental history of depression, mania, or schizophrenia had a two to threefold increase in the rate of physical, sexual, or any abuse. Parental history of antisocial disorder increase the risk of exposure to physical abuse (adjusted odds ratios and or any abuse). There was no statistically significant difference between parental psychiatric disorder and childhood physical or sexual abuse by gender of the respondent. There was a trend for increasing risk associated with father only, mother only, and both parents having any psychiatric disorder.
Parental psychiatric disorder: distressed parents and their families
- Editor:
- GOPFERT Michael
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
- Publication year:
- 2004
- Pagination:
- 406p.,bibliog.
- Place of publication:
- Cambridge
- Edition:
- 2nd
Perhaps as many as 50 in every 100 mentally ill patients are parents living with their children. It is well established that mental illness in a parent seriously and often adversely affects their children's development, though strangely this is not adequately reflected in clinical service provision. This book covers hitherto uncharted territory. By drawing together clinical experience from a wide range of centres, it effectively addresses the needs of mentally ill parents and their children; helping to bridge the current gap between adult and children's services and foster a family oriented perspective. The wide range of editorial experience from both social work and psychiatry at research and clinical levels are vital attributes in providing depth and breadth to this multidisciplinary volume. Enlivened by case vignettes, the coverage ranges from medical and general psychological and psychiatric issues through to intervention strategies and clinical service provision.
Parenting well when you're depressed: a complete resource for maintaining a healthy family
- Authors:
- NICHOLSON Joanne, et al
- Publisher:
- New Harbinger
- Publication year:
- 2001
- Pagination:
- 234p.,list of orgs.,bibliog.
- Place of publication:
- Oakland
According to the 1999 U.S. Surgeon Generals' Report on Mental Health almost one quarter of women and fifteen percent of men suffer from some kind of mood disorder, such as depression or bipolar disorder. The majority of these men and women are also parents and there is a significant body of research that says children can be affected by their parents' depression. The most noticeable effect of parental depression is a lack of response by parents to their children, coupled with general feelings of sadness and irritability. A group of practitioners and researchers at the University of Massachusetts Medical School, representing several disciplines including psychology, occupational therapy, psychiatric rehabilitation, and counselling have produced a self-help resource guide aimed at these parents. The resource guide opens with a self-assessment questionnaire that enables the reader to identify their strengths and which areas need working on. The reader can then either read the book from cover to cover or go straight to which chapters are most relevant to their needs. Areas covered by the resource guide include: mood management; balancing work and parenting; managing household finances; family safety; communicating with children about depression; play and recreation; self-advocacy; the legal system, and; contact with children when they with live with others.
Bipolar disorders: a guide to helping children and adolescents
- Author:
- WALTZ Mitzi
- Publisher:
- O'Reilly
- Publication year:
- 2000
- Pagination:
- 458p.,list of orgs.,bibliog.
- Place of publication:
- Sebastopol, CA
Guide, aimed mainly at parents, to a range of topics on bipolar disorder in children and young people, including: diagnosis and common misdiagnosis; family life, support, safety, and how to recognise and prevent mood swings; medications, with special attention to the physiology and responses of children and young people; therapeutic interventions; other interventions, such as improving sleep patterns, preventing seasonal mood swings, adjusting diet, and using supplements; insurance issues; and education, including how to work with school systems and other organisations.
Identifying and reducing barriers to reunification for seriously mentally ill parents involved in child welfare cases
- Authors:
- RISLEY-CURTISS Christina, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Families in Society, 85(1), January 2004, pp.107-118.
- Publisher:
- The Alliance for Children and Families
Forming judgments about parenting capacity, a necessary part of permanency planning, is much more difficult when the parent has a serious mental illness. The time necessary for effective treatment for such parents is often longer than the court-ordered time limit for family reunification. This puts mentally ill parents at a distinct disadvantage in their efforts to preserve their families. Using Arizona as an example, this article discusses the barriers in both child welfare and mental health systems to accurate and effective assessment and treatment. It presents recommendations for research and suggestions for child welfare personnel to enhance the potential for mentally ill parents to reunify with their children.