Search results for ‘Subject term:"bipolar disorder"’ Sort:
Results 1 - 10 of 11
Abnormal anterior cingulum integrity in bipolar disorder determined through diffusion tensor imaging
- Authors:
- WANG Fei, et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 192(8), August 2008, pp.126-129.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
Convergent evidence implicates white matter abnormalities in bipolar disorder. The cingulum is an important candidate structure for study in bipolar disorder as it provides substantial white matter connections within the corticolimbic neural system that subserves emotional regulation involved in the disorder. Fractional anisotropy in the anterior and posterior cingulum was compared between 42 participants with bipolar disorder and 42 healthy participants using diffusion tensor imaging. Fractional anisotropy was significantly decreased in the anterior cingulum in the bipolar disorder group compared with the healthy group (P=0.003); however, fractional anisotropy in the posterior cingulum did not differ significantly between groups. These findings demonstrate abnormalities in the structural integrity of the anterior cingulum in bipolar disorder. They extend evidence that supports involvement of the neural system comprising the anterior cingulate cortex and its corticolimbic gray matter connection sites in bipolar disorder to implicate abnormalities in the white matter connections within the system provided by the cingulum.
Emotional memory in bipolar disorder
- Authors:
- KAUER-SANT'ANNA Marcia, et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 192(6), June 2008, pp.458-463.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
Twenty euthymic patients with bipolar disorder and 20 matched controls were recruited. Participants were shown a slide show of an emotionally neutral story, or a closely matched emotionally arousing story. One week later, participants were assessed on a memory-recall test. In contrast with the pattern observed in controls, patients with bipolar disorder had no enhancement of memory for the emotional content of the story (F=14.7, d.f.=1,36, P<0.001). The subjective perception of the emotional impact of the emotional condition was significantly different from that of the neutral condition in controls but not in people with bipolar disorder.The data suggest that the physiological pattern of enhanced memory retrieval for emotionally bound information is blunted in bipolar disorder.
Psychological processes in bipolar affective disorder: negative cognitive style and reward processing
- Authors:
- VAN DER GUCHT Emma, et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 194(2), February 2009, pp.146-151.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
One hundred and seven individuals with bipolar disorder (34 in a manic/hypomanic or mixed affective state; 30 in a depressed state and 43 who were euthymic) and 41 healthy controls were interviewed with Structured Clinical Interview for DSM–IV and completed a battery of self-rated and experimental measures assessing negative cognitive styles, coping response to negative affect, self-esteem stability and reward responsiveness. Individuals in all episodes differed from controls on most depression-related and reward responsivity measures. However, correlational analyses revealed clear relationships between negative cognitive styles and depressive symptoms, and reward responsivity and manic symptoms. Separate psychological processes are implicated in depression and mania, but cognitive vulnerability to depression is evident even in patients who are euthymic.
Pilot investigation of the changes in cortical activation during facial affect recognition with lamotrigine monotherapy in bipolar disorder
- Authors:
- JOGIA Jigar, et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 192(3), March 2008, pp.197-201.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
Bipolar disorder is associated with dysfunction in prefrontal and limbic areas implicated in emotional processing. The aim was to explore whether lamotrigine monotherapy may exert its action by improving the function of the neural network involved in emotional processing. The authors used functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine changes in brain activation during a sad facial affect recognition task in 12 stable patients with bipolar disorder when medication-free compared with healthy controls and after 12 weeks of lamotrigine monotherapy. At baseline, compared with controls, patients with bipolar disorder showed overactivity in temporal regions and underactivity in the dorsal medial and right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, and the dorsal cingulate gyrus. Following lamotrigine monotherapy, patients demonstrated reduced temporal and increased prefrontal activation. This preliminary evidence suggests that lamotrigine may enhance the function of the neural circuitry involved in affect recognition.
Parenting among mothers with bipolar disorder: children's perspectives
- Author:
- VENKATARAMAN Meenakshi
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Family Social Work, 14(2), March 2011, pp.93-108.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
In the United States, bipolar disorder affects approximately 5.7 million adults. This can create difficulties in everyday tasks such as parenting. This paper presents the views of children on their parent’s bipolar condition. Four children, aged 10 to 15 years, from three families in the Midwestern United States, in which the mother had a bipolar disorder, were interviewed to understand their perspectives on their mothers' parenting. Children identified strengths in their mother's parenting, such as helping them with homework and moods and providing for their wants. They also identified challenges, such as mothers sleeping well into the day and displaying anger. Two children were worried over the possibility of developing bipolar disorder themselves, which had important implications because it could interfere with children’s confidence and mood. The authors concluded that acknowledging and supporting mothers' strengths in parenting, providing appropriate services to manage mothers' sleep and anger was appropriate.
In-sight: a holistic approach to recovery training for people with bipolar disorder or depression
- Author:
- STRAUGHAN Heather Johnson
- Publisher:
- OLM-Pavilion
- Publication year:
- 2009
- Pagination:
- 157p., handouts, CD ROM
- Place of publication:
- Brighton
This manual has been developed to be delivered to people who have experienced bipolar disorder or depression and the mental health professionals who work with them. It aims to help trainees to build up their own personal recovery plan, enabling them to increase their skills to aid their recover. The training consists of 16 modules. It is intended that the training be delivered by at least one person who has personal experience of bipolar disorder or depression. OHPs, handouts and weekly exercises in both photocopiable and CD-rom format are provided.
Mood disorders and migration meta-analysis
- Authors:
- SWINNEN Sanne G. H., SELTEN Jean-Paul
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 190(1), January 2007, pp.6-10.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
Migration is a risk factor for the development of schizophrenia. The aim was to examine whether migration is also a risk factor for bipolar affective disorder, unipolar depressive disorder and mood disorders in general. Medline was searched for population-based incidence studies concerning mood disorders among migrants and mean relative risks were computed using a mixed-effects statistical model. Only a few studies of unipolar depressive disorder were retrieved. The mean relative risk of developing bipolar affective disorder among migrants was 2.47 (95% CI 1.33–4.59). However, after excluding people of African–Caribbean origin in the UK this risk was no longer significantly increased. The mean relative risk of mood disorders of unspecified polarity was 1.25 (95% CI 1.04–1.49) and that of any mood disorder was 1.38 (95% CI 1.17–1.62). There is no conclusive evidence for a large increase in the risk of mood disorders associated with migration
Beyond the Kraepelinian dichotomy: acute and transient psychotic disorders and the necessity for clinical differentiation
- Author:
- MARNEROS Andreas
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 189(1), July 2006, pp.1-2.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
The concept of acute and transient psychoses is, together with that of schizoaffective disorders, a challenge by the Kraepelinian dichotomy. Although these conditions have some similarities to schizophrenia, they differ significantly from schizophrenia regarding onset, duration, prognosis, gender and premorbid adaptation. They show some similarities with bipolar disorders. They do not fit into the dichotomous concept
Neurocognitive impairment in euthymic patients with bipolar affective disorder
- Authors:
- THOMPSON Jill M., et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 186(1), January 2005, pp.32-40.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
Persistent impairments in neurocognitive function have been described in patients with bipolar disorder whose disease is in remission. However, methodological issues such as the effect of residual mood symptoms and hypercortisolaemia may confound such studies. Sixty-three patients with bipolar disorder and a matched control group completed a comprehensive neurocognitive test battery. Euthymia was confirmed in the patient group by prospective clinical ratings over 1 month prior to testing. Saliva samples were collected to profile basal cortisol secretion. Patients were significantly impaired across a broad range of cognitive domains. Across the domains tested, clinically significant impairment was observed in 3% to 42% of patients. Deficits were not causally associated with residual mood symptoms or hypercortisolaemia. Neurocognitive impairment persists in patients whose bipolar disorder is in remission. This may represent a trait abnormality and be a marker of underlying neurobiological dysfunction.
Relapse prevention in bipolar I disorder: 18-month comparison of olanzapine plus mood stabiliser v. mood stabiliser alone
- Authors:
- TOHEN M., et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 184(4), April 2004, pp.337-345.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
Few controlled studies have examined the use of atypical antipsychotic drugs for prevention of relapse in patients with bipolar I disorder. The aim was to evaluate whether olanzapine plus either lithium or valproate reduces the rate of relapse, compared with lithium or valproate alone. Patients achieving syndromic remission after 6 weeks’treatment with olanzapine plus either lithium (0.6–1.2 mmol/l) or valproate (50–125 µg/ml) received lithium or valproate plus either olanzapine 5–20 mg/day (combination therapy) or placebo (monotherapy), and were followed in a double-masked trial for 18 months. The treatment difference in time to relapse into either mania or depression was not significant for syndromic relapse (median time to relapse: combination therapy 94 days, monotherapy 40.5 days; P=0.742), but was significant for symptomatic relapse (combination therapy 163 days, monotherapy 42 days; P=0.023). Patients taking olanzapine added to lithium or valproate experienced sustained symptomatic remission, but not syndromic remission, for longer than those receiving lithium or valproate monotherapy.