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Anxiety disorders in children and adolescents with autistic spectrum disorders: a meta-analysis
- Authors:
- VAN STEENSEL Francisca J. A., BÖGELS Susan M., PERRIN Sean
- Journal article citation:
- Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 14(3), September 2011, pp.302-317.
- Publisher:
- Springer US
Meta-analysis of data from 17 studies revealed that 40% of young people with autistic spectrum disorders have comorbid anxiety disorders; the prevalence of specific anxiety disorder subtypes are also reported. There was a high degree of heterogeneity between studies. Some significant moderating effects were identified but caution is urged in interpreting the results. A number of limitations are discussed including the use of instruments to assess anxiety that were designed to be used in typically developing children.
An examination of the tripartite model of anxiety and depression in an outpatient sample of adolescents
- Authors:
- DIA David A., HARRINGTON Donna, SILVERMAN Wendy K.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Evidence-Based Social Work, 7(4), July 2010, pp.302-312.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
Anxiety and depressive disorders are the most common mental health problems for adolescents. The tripartite model of anxiety and depression was developed to account for a high degree of comorbidity, and the purpose of this study was to evaluate a modified tripartite model in an outpatient sample of adolescents. The study surveyed a random sample of 185 adolescents with an average age of 15.09 years from a mental health practice in the Baltimore-Washington region. The article describes the evaluation of the modified model. The researchers concluded that the modified tripartite model fits the data better than the original model, and that the study emphasises the need to take both depression and anxiety as serious mental illnesses.
Comorbid anxiety disorder in late life depression: association with memory decline over four years
- Authors:
- DeLUCA Alison K., et al
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 20(9), September 2005, pp.848-854.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
In elderly persons with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), coexisting Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) or Panic Disorder (PD) is associated with more severe symptoms and poorer short-term treatment outcomes. The purpose of this study was to determine whether comorbid GAD or PD was associated with poorer long-term outcomes of late-life MDD, in terms of symptoms, functional disability, of a lifetime diagnosis of GAD and/or PD. The anxious group showed a greater decline in memory, but not in other cognitive measures or measures of functional status. Depression recurrence was similar in the anxious and non-anxious groups. Among those in the anxious group, a later age of onset (over 55) of the anxiety disorder was associated with worse overall cognition at baseline, but a similar rate of decline in cognition over time, compared with early-onset anxiety disorder. The results suggest that comorbid GAD or PD is associated with a greater decline in memory in late-life MDD. The data also suggest that anxiety disorders with an onset later in life may be associated with cognitive impairment, although further study is needed to confirm this finding.
Anxiety among older psychiatric patients: a hidden comorbidity?
- Authors:
- BENDIXEN Anette Bakkane, ENGEDAL Knut
- Journal article citation:
- Aging and Mental Health, 20(11), 2016, pp.131-1138.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Objectives: The authors' aims were to explore prevalence of anxiety among patients admitted to departments of geriatric psychiatry for treatment of various diagnoses and to examine how often anxiety was registered as a previous or ongoing diagnosis. Method: In all, 473 patients admitted to one of five departments of geriatric psychiatry were included in a quality register and examined according to a standardised protocol. The Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GAI) was used to measure anxiety during the first week after admission. Diagnoses were made at discharge. Results: Using a cutoff on the GAI of 8/9, the prevalence of anxiety for the following diagnostic groups was depression 65.3%, psychosis 28%, dementia 38.8% and mania 33.3%. Of 24 patients with a primary diagnosis of anxiety, 66.7% scored above 8 on the GAI. Of 236 patients with a GAI score above 8, only 22 (9.3%) were reported to have a comorbid anxiety disorder by the treating psychiatrist. In a multiple regression analysis, we found that the severity of depression (beta 0.585, p < 0.001), being female (beta 0.096, p 0.028) and the use of antipsychotic drugs (beta 0.129, p 0.006) and anxiolytic drugs (beta 0.129, p 0.005) were associated with a higher GAI score. Conclusion: Anxiety is common in geriatric psychiatric patients, regardless of the primary diagnosis. The findings suggest that anxiety is often a hidden comorbidity in various psychiatric disorders. A high score on the GAI was associated with the severity of depression, female gender and the use of antipsychotic and anxiolytic drugs. (Edited publisher abstract)
Alcohol use disorders and the course of depressive and anxiety disorders
- Authors:
- BOSCHLOO Lynn, et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 200(6), June 2012, pp.476-484.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
Few prospective studies have looked at the effects of alcohol use disorders on the natural course of depression and anxiety and the data are conflicting. This study was designed to determine whether the course of depressive and/or anxiety disorders is conditional on the type (abuse or dependence) or severity of comorbid alcohol use disorders. The impact of the presence and severity of DSM-IV alcohol abuse or alcohol dependence on the 2-year course of depressive and/or anxiety disorders was examined in a large sample of participants with current depression and/or anxiety (n = 1369, mean age 41 years, 66% female). The data were derived from an ongoing study of depression in the Netherlands. The persistence of depressive and/or anxiety disorders after 2 years was significantly higher in those with remitted or current alcohol dependence (persistence 62% and 67% respectively), but not in those with remitted or current alcohol abuse (persistence 51% and 46% respectively), compared with no lifetime alcohol use disorder (persistence 53%). Severe but not moderate current dependence was a significant predictor as 95% of those in the former group still had a depressive and/or anxiety disorder at follow-up. It is concluded that alcohol dependence, especially severe current dependence, is a risk factor for an unfavourable course of depressive and/or anxiety disorders, whereas alcohol abuse is not.
Prevalence of anxiety disorder in children and young people with intellectual disabilities and autism
- Authors:
- GOBRIAL Ereny, RAGHAVAN Raghu
- Journal article citation:
- Advances in Mental Health and Intellectual Disabilities, 6(3), 2012, pp.130-140.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Anxiety disorder has frequently been reported in association with intellectual disabilities and autism in children and young people; comorbidity may increase this susceptibility further. However this belief that children and young people with intellectual disabilities and autism may experience symptoms of anxiety at a greater level than the general population is not supported with research evidence. This study was designed to further investigate the observations about prevalence. A total of 150 children and young people (age range of 5-18 years) with intellectual disabilities and autism from a metropolitan district in the North of England were screened for mental health problems using the Reiss Scales for Children's Dual Diagnosis and the Glasgow Anxiety Scale. Overall 61.3 per cent tested positive for mental health problems. The prevalence of anxiety was 32.6 per cent on the Glasgow Anxiety Scale. This group consisted of 47 males and seven females with mean age of 11.85 years. The study raises the issue of risk factors for the high prevalence of anxiety in children and adolescents with autism.
Effects of anxiety on the long-term course of depressive disorders
- Authors:
- CORYLL William, et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 200(3), March 2012, pp.210-215.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
Longitudinal studies of depressive disorders have associated comorbid anxiety with poorer outcomes in terms of treatment response, recovery time and depressive morbidity. This US study examined the relative prognostic importance of specific anxiety features in order to determine whether their effects persist over decades and apply to both unipolar and bipolar conditions. Participants with unipolar (n = 476, mean age at intake 39.5 years, 59.6% female) or bipolar (n = 335, mean age at intake 36.3 years, 60.7% female) depressive disorders were intensively followed for a mean of 16.7 years. The number and severity of anxiety symptoms, but not the presence of pre-existing anxiety disorders, showed a robust and continuous relationship to the subsequent time spent in depressive episodes in both unipolar and bipolar depressive disorder. The strength of this relationship changed little over the study period. The authors conclude that the severity of current anxiety symptoms within depressive episodes correlates strongly with the persistence of subsequent depressive symptoms and this relationship is stable over decades.
Specific psychological and behavioral symptoms of depression in patients with dementia
- Authors:
- PRADO-JEAN Annie, et al
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 25(10), October 2010, pp.1065-1072.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
... symptoms in depressed patients were agitation, anxiety and irritability. Depression in dementia patients was significantly associated with dis-inhibition, irritability, agitation, and anxiety. The authors concluded that, before addressing them as isolated symptoms, it is important to consider comorbidity with depression in order to optimise the therapeutic approach.
Suicidal ideation and comorbid disorders in adolescents and young adults diagnosed with Asperger's syndrome: a population at risk
- Author:
- SHTAYERMMAN Oren
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 18(3), 2009, pp.301-328.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
Adolescents and young adults with diagnosed Asperger’s syndrome (AS) may be at higher risk of committing suicide than the neurotypical adolescent owing to their difficulty with social communication and the social demands of adolescence. The purpose of this study was to examine the level of suicidal ideation and the comorbid disorders major depressive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder anxiety disorder.
Associations between peer victimization, self-reported depression and social phobia among adolescents: the role of comorbidity
- Authors:
- RANTA Klaus, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Adolescence, 32(1), February 2009, pp.77-93.
- Publisher:
- Academic Press
... moving, parental unemployment), and psychopathology (delinquency, aggressiveness, general anxiety) covariates was conducted to confirm the associations between peer victimization and the four groups. Among boys the comorbid SP+DEP group reported the highest rates of both overt and covert victimization, these being significantly higher than among both DEP and SP groups. Among girls covert victimization