Social Policy and Administration, 42(6), December 2008, pp.676-690.
Publisher:
Wiley
In recent years a major challenge for the EU has emerged around social issues and collective identities. With the emergence of a European political community that has diminished national sovereignty at a time when global forces are also undermining nation states, both Europe and migration become linked as sources of instability. Anxieties about Europe and migration are linked with fears of a clash of civilizations and anxieties about social securities. Social discontent, fuelled by socio-economic changes, has undermined the traditional sources of identity around class and the nation, releasing xenophobic and nationalistic currents. Fear of others and anxieties about the future have emerged as potent social forces in contemporary society. The result is a crisis of European solidarity, along with a wider crisis of collective purpose. To combat such developments it is essential that the European project gives greater attention to issues of social justice and inclusive forms of social solidarity.
In recent years a major challenge for the EU has emerged around social issues and collective identities. With the emergence of a European political community that has diminished national sovereignty at a time when global forces are also undermining nation states, both Europe and migration become linked as sources of instability. Anxieties about Europe and migration are linked with fears of a clash of civilizations and anxieties about social securities. Social discontent, fuelled by socio-economic changes, has undermined the traditional sources of identity around class and the nation, releasing xenophobic and nationalistic currents. Fear of others and anxieties about the future have emerged as potent social forces in contemporary society. The result is a crisis of European solidarity, along with a wider crisis of collective purpose. To combat such developments it is essential that the European project gives greater attention to issues of social justice and inclusive forms of social solidarity.
Subject terms:
human rights, migration, racism, anxiety, European Union;
... a lower CD4 cell count, were older and more frequently of sub-Saharan African origin. The overall median FSFI was 25.2 (interquartile range=19.3). Thirty-six women (25%) had a FSFI score=10. Depression, irritability and anxiety were associated with a low FSFI score. The participants reported a significant decrease in sex functioning since HIV diagnosis but not since the start of antiretroviral
Little is known on female sexual dysfunction (FSD) among HIV-positive women. A cross-sectional survey in seven European HIV centres was performed and data on medical history, antiretroviral treatment and laboratory results were collected. Sexual function was evaluated by the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). The data from 166 women were available (response rate=77%). The non-respondents had a lower CD4 cell count, were older and more frequently of sub-Saharan African origin. The overall median FSFI was 25.2 (interquartile range=19.3). Thirty-six women (25%) had a FSFI score=10. Depression, irritability and anxiety were associated with a low FSFI score. The participants reported a significant decrease in sex functioning since HIV diagnosis but not since the start of antiretroviral treatment. Sexual dysfunction in women with HIV infection is frequent and is mainly driven by psychological factors and by the HIV diagnosis.
Subject terms:
HIV AIDS, women, anxiety, depression, diagnosis, diagnostic tests;
British Journal of Criminology, 44(1), January 2004, pp.127-132.
Publisher:
Oxford University Press
Research exploring the emotional responses to crime experienced by the citizens of several major European and North American countries, including the UK, has suggested that a significant proportion of the residents of these countries ‘fear’ crime. However, few researchers have explored the frequency with which citizens feel fearful. This brief research note reports on a study that explored the frequency and intensity of such feelings. The research suggests that few people fear crime frequently.
Research exploring the emotional responses to crime experienced by the citizens of several major European and North American countries, including the UK, has suggested that a significant proportion of the residents of these countries ‘fear’ crime. However, few researchers have explored the frequency with which citizens feel fearful. This brief research note reports on a study that explored the frequency and intensity of such feelings. The research suggests that few people fear crime frequently.
Journal of Adolescence, 18(4), August 1995, pp.491-512.
Publisher:
Academic Press
Studied the influence of culture on coping behaviour of young people across different types of anxiety-provoking situations. The subjects were 17-18-year-old Indian, Italian, Hungarian, Swedish and Yemenite boys and girls.
Studied the influence of culture on coping behaviour of young people across different types of anxiety-provoking situations. The subjects were 17-18-year-old Indian, Italian, Hungarian, Swedish and Yemenite boys and girls.
Subject terms:
mental health problems, stress, young people, adolescence, anxiety, coping behaviour;
Journal of Aggression Maltreatment and Trauma, 26(6), 2017, pp.590-607.
Publisher:
Taylor and Francis
This study aimed to investigate the association of lifetime abuse and mental health among older persons, considering associated factors (e.g., demographics) through a cross-sectional design. The study recruited 4,467 women and men ages 60-84 years from 7 European cities. Mental health was measured with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and abuse (psychological, physical, sexual, financial, and physical injuries) based on the Revised Conflict Tactics Scale and the UK survey of abuse/neglect of older people. Multiple logistic regression analyses showed that country of residence, low educational level, and experienced financial strain increased the odds of probable cases of anxiety and depression. Female sex, white-collar profession, and financial support by social/other benefits/or partner income were associated with higher odds of anxiety, while older age and experience of lifetime injury were associated with increased odds of depressive symptoms. The findings of this study indicate that socioeconomic factors, as well as experienced lifetime severe physical abuse leading to injuries, are significant in perceived mental health of adults in later life.
(Edited publisher abstract)
This study aimed to investigate the association of lifetime abuse and mental health among older persons, considering associated factors (e.g., demographics) through a cross-sectional design. The study recruited 4,467 women and men ages 60-84 years from 7 European cities. Mental health was measured with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and abuse (psychological, physical, sexual, financial, and physical injuries) based on the Revised Conflict Tactics Scale and the UK survey of abuse/neglect of older people. Multiple logistic regression analyses showed that country of residence, low educational level, and experienced financial strain increased the odds of probable cases of anxiety and depression. Female sex, white-collar profession, and financial support by social/other benefits/or partner income were associated with higher odds of anxiety, while older age and experience of lifetime injury were associated with increased odds of depressive symptoms. The findings of this study indicate that socioeconomic factors, as well as experienced lifetime severe physical abuse leading to injuries, are significant in perceived mental health of adults in later life.
(Edited publisher abstract)
Subject terms:
anxiety, depression, injuries, mental health problems, violence, emotional abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, older people;
Child Abuse and Neglect, 34(4), April 2010, pp.244-252.
Publisher:
Elsevier
Peer victimisation can take various forms, such as direct bullying behaviours, and well as indirect manifestations such as group exclusion. A recent meta-analytic review of cross-sectional studies exploring associations between peer victimisation and indices of internalising problems shows that victims of bullying are normally highly distressed. This reliance on cross-sectional studies, however, precludes interpretation of the direction of effects. This study, providing a meta-analysis of 18 longitudinal studies examining prospective linkages between peer victimisation and internalising problems, investigates if internalising problems are antecedents of victimisation, consequences of victimisation, or both. The study included 13,978 samples. Two possibilities were examined: the extent to which peer victimisation at baseline predicts changes in internalising problems; and the extent to which internalising problems at baseline predict changes in peer victimisation. Findings indicate considerable associations between peer victimisation and subsequent changes in internalising problems, as well as significant associations between internalising problems and subsequent changes in peer victimisation, and several moderator effects were observed. In conclusion, the study indicated that internalising problems functions as both antecedents and consequences of peer victimisation. These common influences suggest a cycle that contributes to the high stability of peer victimisation, and the authors suggest that this study should further encourage steps to reduce bullying at schools.
Peer victimisation can take various forms, such as direct bullying behaviours, and well as indirect manifestations such as group exclusion. A recent meta-analytic review of cross-sectional studies exploring associations between peer victimisation and indices of internalising problems shows that victims of bullying are normally highly distressed. This reliance on cross-sectional studies, however, precludes interpretation of the direction of effects. This study, providing a meta-analysis of 18 longitudinal studies examining prospective linkages between peer victimisation and internalising problems, investigates if internalising problems are antecedents of victimisation, consequences of victimisation, or both. The study included 13,978 samples. Two possibilities were examined: the extent to which peer victimisation at baseline predicts changes in internalising problems; and the extent to which internalising problems at baseline predict changes in peer victimisation. Findings indicate considerable associations between peer victimisation and subsequent changes in internalising problems, as well as significant associations between internalising problems and subsequent changes in peer victimisation, and several moderator effects were observed. In conclusion, the study indicated that internalising problems functions as both antecedents and consequences of peer victimisation. These common influences suggest a cycle that contributes to the high stability of peer victimisation, and the authors suggest that this study should further encourage steps to reduce bullying at schools.
British Journal of Psychiatry, 184(Suppl.), February 2004, pp.31-37.
Publisher:
Cambridge University Press
Insecure attachment style relates to major depression in women, but its relationship to depression associated with childbirth is largely unknown. A new UK-designed measure, the Attachment Style Interview (ASI), has potential for cross-cultural use as a risk marker for maternal disorder. The aim was to establish there liability of the ASI across centres, its stability over a 9-month period, and its associations with social context and major or minor depression. The ASI was used by nine centres antenatally on 204 women, with 174 followed up 6 months postnatally. Interrater reliability was tested and the ASI was repeated on a subset of 96 women. Affective disorder was assessed by means of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM–IV. Satisfactory interrater reliability was achieved with relatively high stability rates at follow-up. Insecure attachment related to lower social class position and more negative social context. Specific associations of avoidant attachment style (angry–dismissive or withdrawn) with antenatal disorder, and anxious style (enmeshed or fearful) with postnatal disorder were found. The ASI can be used reliably in European and US centres as a measure for risk associated with childbirth. Its use will contribute to theoretically under pinned preventive action for disorders associated with childbirth.
Insecure attachment style relates to major depression in women, but its relationship to depression associated with childbirth is largely unknown. A new UK-designed measure, the Attachment Style Interview (ASI), has potential for cross-cultural use as a risk marker for maternal disorder. The aim was to establish there liability of the ASI across centres, its stability over a 9-month period, and its associations with social context and major or minor depression. The ASI was used by nine centres antenatally on 204 women, with 174 followed up 6 months postnatally. Interrater reliability was tested and the ASI was repeated on a subset of 96 women. Affective disorder was assessed by means of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM–IV. Satisfactory interrater reliability was achieved with relatively high stability rates at follow-up. Insecure attachment related to lower social class position and more negative social context. Specific associations of avoidant attachment style (angry–dismissive or withdrawn) with antenatal disorder, and anxious style (enmeshed or fearful) with postnatal disorder were found. The ASI can be used reliably in European and US centres as a measure for risk associated with childbirth. Its use will contribute to theoretically under pinned preventive action for disorders associated with childbirth.
Subject terms:
interviewing, interviews, postnatal depression, psychiatry, research methods, risk, aggression, attachment, anxiety, childbirth, comparative studies, cultural identity;