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Helping the poorest help themselves? Encouraging employment past 65 in England and the USA
- Author:
- LAIN David
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Social Policy, 40(3), July 2011, pp.493-512.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
- Place of publication:
- Cambridge
In the context of population ageing and low retirement incomes, the UK government has increasingly sought to encourage people to work longer. However, the OECD has argued that UK means-tested benefits, that are lost as a result of working, mean that delaying retirement is a less attractive option for the poorest. In addition, UK employees may have limited opportunity to delay retirement as line management decide whether individuals are allowed to work beyond the age of 65. In contrast, in the US, benefits are meagre and difficult to access and age discrimination legislation protects individuals from forced retirement. This paper examines whether adopting a US policy approach in the UK would increase employment of the poorest over 65s and enhance their financial position. The study uses data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing and the US Health and Retirement Study to examine how wealth influences employment and how this is mediated by differences in health and education. It suggests that extending UK age discrimination legislation and restricting benefits would increase overall employment past 65, although not necessarily to US levels. The poorest over 65s are more likely to work in the USA than in England, but employment amongst the poorest is still low, especially compared with wealthier groups. A US policy approach would most likely damage the financial position of the poorest in the UK, with increased employment not sufficiently compensating for lost benefits.
Welfare to work: tackling the barriers to the employment of older people
- Author:
- GREAT BRITAIN. National Audit Office
- Publisher:
- Stationery Office
- Publication year:
- 2004
- Pagination:
- 70p.
- Place of publication:
- London
This report examines the progress that has been made in helping older people overcome the barriers to employment. These barriers include relatively low levels of skills, age discrimination by some employers, health problems, low confidence and negative attitudes to employment. The report underlines the importance of joint working between government, employers and the voluntary sector at a local level, as well as the need for better publicity to improve awareness of local services to help improve employment prospects. The NAO found that the scheme specifically for older workers - New Deal 50 Plus - has helped more than 120,000 people into work at an estimated cost of 270 million, although an unknown number of these people would have found jobs anyway. Other employment and training programmes (in particular, the New Deal 25 Plus and Work Based Learning for Adults) have helped a further 70,000 older people into work over the last five years. Jobcentre Plus is increasing the flexibility within its programmes in order to better meet the individual needs of people facing acute or multiple barriers to work. This includes piloting new approaches to help people claiming incapacity benefits return to work. Older people still have relatively low levels of participation in most forms of training and education, which they need to compete more effectively in the labour market. They are also under-represented in their use of Information, Advice and Guidance Partnerships, which are a valuable source of help for people who are out of work. The report also identifies age discrimination on the part of some employers as an ongoing and significant problem. Legislation to outlaw such discrimination is expected in October 2006 but there has been a delay in issuing for consultation the draft regulations. However the Government has announced a national guidance campaign in advance of the legislation to further enable employers to adopt age positive employment practices and to encourage the recruitment, training and retention of older workers.
Moving older people into jobs: Jobcentre Plus, new deal and the job shortfall for the over 50s
- Authors:
- BEATTY Christina, FOTHERGILL Stephen
- Publisher:
- Third Age Employment Network
- Publication year:
- 2002
- Pagination:
- 19p.
- Place of publication:
- London
This paper critically assesses movement initiatives to raise the the labour force participation of older workers.
The economy and older people
- Author:
- AGE CONCERN
- Publisher:
- Age Concern
- Publication year:
- 2004
- Pagination:
- 52p.
- Place of publication:
- London
In 2003 there were 20 million people over 50; by 2021 this will rise to almost 25 million. As well as shaping markets and public services older people contribute to the British economy, as unpaid and paid workers. Current Government policies for supporting older people make economic contributions include: forthcoming age discrimination legislation; amendments to the pensions system; Welfare to Work programmes for older and disabled workers; new entitlements to free education; and improved support for carers.
Older people in law and society
- Author:
- HERRING Jonathan
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- Publication year:
- 2009
- Pagination:
- 368p.
- Place of publication:
- Oxford
The author examines both the legal rights and responsibilities of older people. Although the focus is particularly on the legal issues surrounding old age it draws extensively on the gerentological, philosophical, sociological, and medical literature surrounding the subject. Among the key issues included are: ageing and law: ageism and age discrimination; mental capacity; care and older people; elder abuse; pensions and benefits for older people; grandparents; the health care of older people; and inheritance issues. The author examines the complex social and legal issues these topics can raise. He believes the British social and legal systems let older people down in many ways and makes proposals as to how these could be improved, and arguing that the devaluation of ageing and the social exclusion of older people not only impoverishes the lives of older people, but of society generally.
Not dead yet
- Author:
- NEUBERGER Julia
- Publisher:
- HarperCollins
- Publication year:
- 2008
- Pagination:
- 358p., bibliog.
- Place of publication:
- London
The author sets out a 10-point manifesto for old age which demands justice for an increasingly powerful, active and articulate segment of society. Each chapter describes one area that needs to be tackled: an end age discrimination; the right to work; ensuring a basic income; reclaiming the streets and providing better access to communities; open access to learning; real choice in housing; trained and well rewarded care assistants; access to health care; the right to die well; and grey rage - ensuring older people have to power to achieve this 10-point manifesto.
Changing direction: employment options in working life
- Author:
- WARD Sue
- Publisher:
- Age Concern
- Publication year:
- 2002
- Pagination:
- 208p.,bibliog.
- Place of publication:
- London
- Edition:
- 2nd
Redundancy or enforced early retirement can have a devastating impact on the confidence of individuals Nearly a third of 55-64 year olds say they have been discriminated against in employment because of their age. This book examines range of subjects including how to evaluate and sell skills, tackling age discrimination, finding and funding re-training opportunities, becoming self- employed and voluntary work. Planning personal finances is also covered.
Age discrimination in public policy: a review of evidence
- Authors:
- GRATTAN Patrick, et al
- Publisher:
- Help the Aged
- Publication year:
- 2002
- Pagination:
- 155p.,bibliog.
- Place of publication:
- London
This report discovers clear evidence of direct discrimination in Britain's national institutions and explores the profound impact of indirect discrimination on older people themselves and on society as a whole. The report examines how public policy discriminates directly and indirectly on the grounds of age in seven specific areas: education, health care, employment, social care, social security, transport and citizenship.
Age and race: double discrimination; life in Britain today for ethnic minority elders
- Author:
- AGE CONCERN. Commission for Racial Equality
- Publisher:
- Age Concern
- Publication year:
- 1998
- Pagination:
- Five booklets + two flyers.
- Place of publication:
- London
Includes: an overview of life for ethnic minority elders in Britain today; health; housing; income; social welfare; education and leisure. Flyers on useful organisations, contacts and further reading.