Search results for ‘Subject term:"activities of daily living"’ Sort:
Results 1 - 10 of 45
The costs of smoking to the social care system in England, January 2017
- Author:
- ASH
- Publisher:
- ASH
- Publication year:
- 2017
- Pagination:
- 11
- Place of publication:
- London
Summarises the findings of research, commissioned by ASH and carried out by Landman Economics, to compare the care needs of current and former smokers with those of never smokers. The study estimated the increased risk ratios for adults aged over 50 in receipt of domiciliary care and residential care separately. The analysis was used to estimate the extent to which local authority-funded social care services were used, as well as the costs to those funding their own care and the number of people requiring support from family and friends. The research used data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) and figures on social care spending taken from the National Audit Social Care Intelligence Service (NASCIC). It estimates that the social care costs of smoking to local authorities are approximately £760 million a year. However, no statistically significant difference was found between the proportions of smokers, ex-smokers and never smokers receiving residential care. Two short case studies are included. (Edited publisher abstract)
Health survey for England 2014: chapter 6 social care provision
- Authors:
- ROONEY Keeva, DARTON Robin, WITTENBERG Raphael
- Publisher:
- Health and Social Care Information Centre
- Publication year:
- 2015
- Pagination:
- 11
- Place of publication:
- Leeds
This chapter presents results from the Health Survey for England 2014 about the provision of unpaid social care by adults aged 16 and over. This is defined as help or support provided to someone because of long-term physical or mental ill-health, a disability or problems relating to old age and excludes any help given in a professional capacity or as part of a job. The findings show that 17 per cent of adults provided unpaid help or support to other people, with women more likely than men to do so (20 per cent and 14 per cent respectively). Prevalence of providing unpaid care was lowest among those in higher income households and increased with decreasing income. Care was most commonly provided to a parent and men were more likely than women to provide help or support for a spouse or partner, with just under a fifth doing so. Most commonly, those who provided help and support said that they did so for between 1-9 hours in the last week. However, a substantial proportion of men and women provided more care, with 27 per cent providing 10 or more hours in the last week. (Edited publisher abstract)
The determinants of receiving social care in later life in England
- Authors:
- VLACHANTONI A., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Ageing and Society, 35(2), 2015, pp.321-345.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
Demographic change and policy changes in social care provision can affect the type of social care support received by older people, whether through informal, formal state or formal paid-for sources. This paper analyses the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing data (wave 4) in order to examine the relationship between demographic and socio-economic characteristics, and the receipt of support from different sources by older people who report difficulty with daily activities. The research outlines three key results with implications for the future organisation of social care for older people. Firstly, the number of instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) an older person reports having difficulty with, followed by the number of activities of daily living (ADLs) are the strongest determinants of receiving support from any source. Secondly, there are significant gender differences in the factors associated with receiving support from different sources; for example, physical health is a strong determinant of informal support receipt by men, while mental health status is a strong determinant of informal support receipt by women. Finally, the research shows that different kinds of impediments in everyday life are associated with receiving support from different sources. This 'link' between particular types of difficulties and support receipt from particular sources raises questions about the way social care provision can or should be organised in the future. (Publisher abstract)
Towards meaningful activity and engagement
- Authors:
- THWAITES Susannah, HENDERSON-GREENE Marie
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Dementia Care, 21(1), 2013, pp.18-19.
- Publisher:
- Hawker
Key policy documents emphasize the importance of activity and meaningful engagement with care home residents with dementia. However incorporating occupation and activity as part of regular care practice can pose a real challenge. The authors report on their use of the Pool Activity Level (PAL) tool to improve engagement with care home residents and argue the case for ongoing support to care homes using PAL. PAL is based on the principle that people with dementia have abilities as well as difficulties and that when an enabling environment is established their potential activities can be realised. The PAL tool and its associated Individual Action Plans are practical ways of guiding the provision of daily living and leisure activities. The authors, both occupational therapists, were seconded to deliver a two year project working across 11 homes in the north east of England. The aim was to reduce the use of antipsychotic medication in the homes and increase non-pharmacological responses to challenging behaviour. Training sessions on the use of PAL were followed by a period of implementation and finally an evaluation. The care assistants and activity organisers found PAL easy to understand and use and felt it valued their skills and knowledge. They were motivated to integrate it into their working practices but there was a need for ongoing management support and follow up sessions.
Creating possibilities for action in the presence of environmental barriers in the process of ‘ageing in place’
- Authors:
- JOHANSSON Karin, JOSEPHSSON Staffan, LILJA Margareta
- Journal article citation:
- Ageing and Society, 29(1), January 2009, pp.49-70.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
The need for an understanding of ‘ageing in place’ as a progressive process has emerged among researchers in the field of environmental gerontology. The aim of this study was to explore this process, in relation to home modification services. Four older adults who had applied for home modification services in one Swedish municipality were included. Data were collected by open interviews with the participants in their homes on subsequent occasions, from before the modification had been installed until recognised stability in the situation relating to the home modification. In the analysis, the concept of place integration was used as a tool to explore the active relations that connect people and context over time. The main findings show that the participants used creativity and initiative to direct future situations towards increased possibilities for action. This indicates that services aiming to support people ‘ageing in place’ should be directed towards increasing possibilities for action rather than only facilitating activity performance. Furthermore, it can be concluded that if the service-users' creativity and efforts are recognised as resources in design and provision of services, services that aim to support individuals who are ageing in place have the potential to be empowering.
Social care: a lifeline for people with dementia and their carers
- Author:
- ALZHEIMER'S SOCIETY
- Publisher:
- Alzheimer's Society
- Publication year:
- 2007
- Pagination:
- 11p.
- Place of publication:
- London
The Alzheimer’s Society’s better quality care campaign aims to ensure that all people with dementia and their carers have access to good quality care. Part of this campaign is to raise the profile of social care and the vital role it has to play in ensuring the needs of people with dementia and their carers are met, for example by providing help with washing, eating or using the toilet.
Daytime sleep and the threat to well-being of persons with dementia
- Authors:
- KUHN Daniel, EDELMAN Perry, FULTON Bradley R.
- Journal article citation:
- Dementia: the International Journal of Social Research and Practice, 4(2), May 2005, pp.233-247.
- Publisher:
- Sage
Sleep dysfunction is common among persons with dementia. The relationship of daytime sleep to the quality of life and social engagement of persons with dementia has not been examined. The present study examined this relationship among 166 persons with dementia in three nursing homes, two assisted living facilities, and three adult day centers. Two staff proxy questionnaires and two measures of direct observation were used to assess quality of life and social engagement. Findings differed somewhat in nursing homes and assisted living facilities compared to adult day centers. In general, multivariate analyses indicated that greater frequency of daytime sleep was related to lower quality of life and lower social engagement, regardless of dementia severity.
Needs assessment in dementia
- Authors:
- MEANEY A. M., CROKE M., KIRBY M.
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 20(4), April 2005, pp.322-329.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Resource allocation and service development traditionally focuses on diagnostic categories and consequent perceived need. Identification of the actual level of need in the elderly with dementia, and the degree to which it is unmet is necessary to plan services both individually and as a group. The aim of this study was to characterise the needs of a sample of community dwelling elderly patients with dementia who were referred to an old age psychiatry service in Ireland between July 2002 and July 2003. Eighty-two consecutively referred community dwelling patients with ICD-10 diagnosis of dementia were assessed on The Care Needs Assessment Pack for Dementia (CareNap-D). Data on needs across seven domains (health and mobility, self-care and toileting, social interaction, thinking and memory, behaviour and mental state, housecare, community living) is presented. Subjects had a mean of 33 (range: 13-56) identified needs. Approximately 1/3 of these were unmet with a mean of 13 (range: 0-37) and a mean of 20 (range: 4-39) were met. High levels of unmet need was identified in the domains of behaviour and mental state (84% of those with agitation) and of social interaction (79% of those with partaking in activities need). The specific item of repetitive questioning occurred in 68 individuals and was unmet in 88% of these cases. Increasing age, lower MMSE score, and living alone were associated with greater total levels of unmet need. This data underlines the degree of unmet need in the community dwelling elderly with dementia and the importance of developing a spectrum of services on the basis of the actual needs identified.
Exploring assistance in Sweden and the United States
- Authors:
- SHEA Dennis, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Gerontologist, 43(5), October 2003, pp.712-721.
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
Few international comparisons of health services are performed using microlevel data. Using such data, this paper compares the need for and receipt of assistance with activities of daily living (ADLs) in comparable samples in the United States and Sweden, a country with a universal system of community-based services. Data from national surveys of community residents completed at approximately the same time in each nation are used to create comparable measures of need and assistance. Descriptive and logistic regression analyses compare need and assistance patterns across the nations and identify individual factors that explain receipt of assistance and unmet needs. Results indicate that a simple story of greater use of paid formal services in Sweden and more unpaid informal use in the United States masks a more complex relationship. Assistance with ADLs seems to be more targeted in Sweden; narrow differences in assistance widen considerably when the analysis is limited to those reporting need. Although these two different health systems result in similar levels of overall ADL assistance, a detailed microlevel comparison reveals key distinctions. Further microlevel comparisons of access, cost, and quality in cross-national data can further aid our understanding of the consequences of health policy.
Why this interest in minority ethnic groups?
- Author:
- MEGHANI-WISE Zeenat
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 59(10), October 1996, pp.485-489.
- Publisher:
- Sage
There has been a recent surge of interest in issues affecting minority ethnic groups in the occupational therapy profession. This article explores why there is growing concern within the profession and explains some cultural differences in the practice of activities of daily living in minority ethnic groups. The question of how to develop culturally sensitive services is discussed and some practical suggestions are made.