Search results for ‘Subject term:"activities of daily living"’ Sort:
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Teaching transfer skills to older adults: identification of strategies used by occupational therapists
- Authors:
- CARRIER Annie, et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 74(11), November 2011, pp.500-508.
- Publisher:
- Sage
It is important that community occupational therapists use optimal teaching strategies to achieve the best outcomes for the client in the, often limited, time available for an intervention. This study was designed to identify the strategies used by occupational therapists when teaching transfer skills to older adults in the community. Eleven community occupational therapists were recruited from six health and social services centres in Québec, Canada. Home visits (n=12), during which 31 teaching situations were observed, were followed immediately by in-depth semi-structured interviews with the occupational therapists involved in the teaching. Strategies observed included nine methods, eight tools and nine intensity adjustments. The methods were explaining, demonstrating, having the client try, giving feedback on performance, involving the client, seeking and obtaining client's feedback, questioning, and involving a teaching assistant. Explaining was the primary method used. Tools varied according to the teaching method. These tools were gestures, equipment, visual aids, written, verbal and somatosensory instructions, assistant as client and occupational therapist as client. Intensity adjustments were related to the scope, directedness, duration, frequency and pace of teaching. The authors believe this is one of very few empirical descriptions of the teaching methods used by occupationally therapists.
Occupational therapy at home may benefit people with dementia and their carers
- Author:
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR HEALTH RESEARCH. Dissemination Centre
- Publisher:
- National Institute for Health Research
- Publication year:
- 2020
- Place of publication:
- London
This NIHR Signal summarises the results of a systematic review to evaluate the effect of occupational therapy provided at home for people with dementia and their family carers. The review pooled the results of 15 randomised controlled trials, which included 2,063 people with dementia, and their family carers. In the trials an average of eight one-hour sessions of occupational therapy was compared with usual care or minimal extra support. The benefits to daily life were measured after three or six months. The review found that multiple occupational therapy sessions produced positive outcomes. They improved the ability of people living with dementia to carry out daily activities and resulted in improved behavioural and psychological symptoms and quality of life. Carers also reported feeling less distress, and a better quality of life. The Signal notes that evidence identified was of low to moderate reliability. (Edited publisher abstract)
Introducing daily living products to older people with sight loss: practice implications of an innovative demonstration programme
- Author:
- PERCIVAL John
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 75(12), December 2012, pp.570-573.
- Publisher:
- Sage
This practice analysis paper describes an assistive technology demonstration programme for older people with sight loss and their support workers. Ninety-four participants (60 service users (age range 47-84 years) and 34 staff members) across four specialist housing schemes and one resource centre in England attended demonstration sessions, co-led by occupational therapists and lead staff. Twenty-eight daily living devices were demonstrated and discussed. An independent review of the programme gathered perspectives and experiences through focus groups and analysis of feedback forms. This revealed that although participants had some knowledge of generic and low vision devices, they valued the opportunity to learn more about technological solutions to routine difficulties. The author suggests that occupational therapists are equipped to engage in innovative partnerships promoting timely use of assistive technology. Implications for practice are considered and suggestions made as to how occupational therapists may facilitate appropriate awareness of, and access to, daily living devices.
Occupational therapists' perceptions of predischarge home assessments with older adults in acute care
- Authors:
- ATWAL Anita, et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 71(2), February 2008, pp.52-58.
- Publisher:
- Sage
Predischarge occupational therapy home assessments are routinely performed with older adults in Europe, Australia and North America. Their primary aim is to facilitate a timely and safe discharge from hospital. However, there is a lack of published research on this topic, especially studies exploring occupational therapists' perceptions of home assessments. The paper aims to redress this by describing occupational therapists' perceptions of predischarge occupational therapy home assessments with older adults in acute care. All occupational therapists who undertook home assessments in an acute care hospital with older adults during the duration of the study period were invited to complete a reflective diary. In total, 15 reflective diaries were completed by six therapists in a west London trust. The data were analysed using thematic content analysis. The findings suggest that home assessments were carried out because of mobility or environmental concerns. Satisfaction and dissatisfaction with the outcome of the home assessment were related to the incidents that occurred during the assessment. Some of the occupational therapists' anxieties were related to the older adults' level of functioning or ill health, and the older adults' own concerns did have an impact upon the therapists' expectations of the home assessment process.
Assessment of bathing in occupational therapy
- Author:
- GOOCH Hilary
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 66(9), September 2003, pp.402-408.
- Publisher:
- Sage
Describes the assessment methods used by occupational therapists working with adults with physical disabilities and explores the factors that were considered important during the assessment and solution phases of bathing intervention. A survey questionnaire was sent to 108 occupational therapists working in health and social services within Greater London. The findings highlighted that the methods of assessment used most frequently by practitioners were observation in the home or in a simulated environment and face-to-face interviews. During assessment, the components ranked as most important for consideration were 'mobility', 'client priorities', 'safety factors' and 'medical diagnosis'. During the solution phase similar factors were found, with the additional item of the availability of bathing equipment. The findings of this study raise questions related to bathing issues and indicate a need for further study. Of particular interest are the questions of client priorities within the process and the high number of practitioners not including water in the assessment of this potentially dangerous activity.
Occupational justice within residential aged care settings – time to focus on a collective approach
- Authors:
- DU TOIT Sanetta HJ., et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 82(9), 2019, pp.578-581.
- Publisher:
- Sage
Occupational therapists promote meaningful engagement in occupations and associated role continuity, and encourage agency and citizenship. A lack of engagement can be understood as occupational deprivation, alienation and marginalisation, which are concepts associated with occupational injustice. However, occupational injustices associated with collectives, such as residential aged care settings, receive little professional attention. This article encourages the occupational therapy profession to research and develop practice addressing occupational injustice within collectives, specifically in residential aged care settings. Proposed key considerations include environmental adaptations, creating occupational spaces and upskilling staff to promote citizenship, agency and self-determination for residents. (Edited publisher abstract)
Occupational therapy students' choice of client activities: does patients' gender matter?
- Authors:
- LIEDBERG Gunilla, HENSING Gunnel
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 74(6), June 2011, pp.277-283.
- Publisher:
- Sage
Gender influences women's and men's lifestyles and living conditions and, through this, their health, quality of life and daily activities. The aim of this study was to explore the perceptions of gender in Swedish occupational therapy students (n=107, mean age 26 years, 8 male) in terms of their choice of activities: do students choose activities according to traditional roles? The method was a fictional case study containing 16 activities. Each student was given a copy of one of the versions of the case, Eric or Erica. The students were told to underline the three activities regarded as being of most benefit for the patient. The most frequently chosen activities were cooking, visits to cafeterias and gardening, and the least chosen were spinning, laundry and computer work. The results confirmed that the students did make choices based on traditional gender roles. The authors conclude that greater understanding is needed about how gender is constructed in occupational therapy, and about whether gendered choices contribute to a prolonged period of treatment or rehabilitation, or the opposite.
Portrait of occupational therapy
- Author:
- ROGERS Sandra L.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Interprofessional Care, 19(1), January 2005, pp.70-79.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
The profession of occupational therapy promotes individuals to achieve health and wellness through engagement in meaningful occupations of daily living. This occupation-focused profession plays a critical role in health care in a multitude of settings with a wide range of clients. The paper highlights a global overview of the philosophies of occupational therapy, the current international practices in occupational therapy, the education of therapists, and the roles of law and professional societies that govern the practice of occupational therapy.
Determining the effectiveness of a falls prevention programme to enhance quality of life: an occupational therapy perspective
- Authors:
- TOLLEY Louise, ATWAL Anita
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 66(6), June 2003, pp.269-276.
- Publisher:
- Sage
Falling are common in older people and are associated with mortality, decreased mobility, premature nursing home admissions and a reduced ability to perform activities of daily living. In an attempt to reduce the incidence of falls, the National Service Framework for Older People has emphasised the need to develop falls services that provide support for older people who have fallen and use health promotion initiatives. This article reports the findings of an evaluation of a multifaceted falls prevention programme, which aimed to determine whether occupational therapy could enhance quality of life by educating people aged 65 years and over about the risk of falls. A pre-intervention and post-intervention non-standardised self-administered questionnaire was completed at week 1 and at week 14. Of the 172 older people attending the falls prevention programme, 45 percent completed both questionnaires. The findings from this study suggest that an occupational therapy falls prevention programme can reduce the impact of falls on older people by enhancing confidence to perform activities, which in turn can increase quality of life. However, further research is needed to determine the effectiveness of anxiety management techniques.
Occupational health and the self-care needs of Hindu elders
- Authors:
- GIBBS Katherine E., BARNITT Rosemary
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 62(3), March 1999, pp.100-106.
- Publisher:
- Sage
Reports on a study carried out to identify the self-care needs of 19 Hindu elders. The results showed that there were common issues related to religion and culture for many of the sample, but that, additionally, there were unique issues related to personal circumstances with wide variation related to family structures. By asking potential clients with particular cultural or religious beliefs about their needs, occupational therapists can provide a tailored service and gain an understanding of the significance of activities of daily living to Hindu elders.