Search results for ‘Subject term:"activities of daily living"’ Sort:
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Gradually losing one’s foothold: a fragmented existence when living alone with dementia
- Authors:
- SVANSTROM Rune, SUNDLER Annelie Johansson
- Journal article citation:
- Dementia: the International Journal of Social Research and Practice, 14(2), 2015, pp.145-163.
- Publisher:
- Sage
The number of persons with dementia who lives at home for a longer period of time after diagnosis is increasing. This study aims to discuss the phenomenon of living alone with dementia and having a manifest care need. This phenomenological study was carried out from a reflective lifeworld approach. The data material in the study consisted of field notes from 32 visits and transcriptions from 11 tape-recorded conversations with six participants. The results reveal that the person with dementia who lives alone ends up in a vague existence where they cannot survive alone. The person’s level of activity comes to a halt and body movement becomes slower. Daily life becomes more difficult to manage and the person’s earlier natural way of relating to the world and the people around them is gradually lost. This is followed by a loneliness and forgetfulness that cloud the meaning of life. This study highlights the importance of the patient’s perspective needed to better understand the inner life of a person who suffers from dementia. This understanding is important in the organization of help and care as well as for caregivers to better understand these individuals and their needs. (Edited publisher abstract)
Developing brokered community transportation for seniors and people with disabilities
- Authors:
- MARX Jerry, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 53(5), July 2010, pp.449-466.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
The Alliance for Community Transportation (ACT) is a coalition of health and human services agencies, municipalities, transport providers and consumers in New Hampshire, USA which aims to increase access to transportation for through improving coordination of transportation resources. A team of faculty and graduate students from the social work department of the University of New Hampshire collaborated with ACT to investigate the transportation needs of citizens aged 60 years and over in the region. 641 people completed survey questionnaires about current transportation usage and need, and transportation preferences and system design. The information obtained indicated that survey respondents experienced problems reliably meeting their daily living needs due to inconsistent or unavailable private and public transportation options, and the majority of respondents reported that they expect that they would use a brokered transportation service.
Understanding the needs and experiences of people with young onset dementia: a qualitative study
- Authors:
- RABANAL Luisa I., et al
- Journal article citation:
- BMJ Open, 8(10), 2018, p.e021166. Online only
- Publisher:
- BMJ Publishing Group
Aim: Despite an estimated 40 000 people diagnosed with young onset dementia (YOD) in the UK, there is a general lack of awareness of the condition when compared with late onset dementia. The aim of this study was to explore the experiences and needs of people living with YOD (younger than 65 years) and gain an understanding of the issues that impact on them. Setting Participants’ homes, support group premises or university rooms. Participants 14 people with a diagnosis of YOD from a northern UK city. Design: Semistructured, in-depth interviews were audio recorded, transcribed and analysed cross-sectionally following principles of interpretative phenomenological analysis. Results: Four superordinate themes are reported on ‘process of diagnosis’, ‘the impact of living YOD’, ‘needs of people with YOD’ and ‘living well with YOD’. Nine subordinate themes captured participant experiences of developing cognitive difficulties, after being diagnosed with YOD, and subsequently living with the condition. Key issues that emerging included a lack of general awareness of YOD; how this can delay help seeking; commonalities in prediagnosis trajectories; retrospective understanding of prediagnosis symptom patterns; the difficulties of obtaining a firm diagnosis; the importance of face-to-face support and difficulties associated with daily living. Participants also described the emotional and psychological impact of the condition and the importance of formal and informal support networks. Conclusions: People who have a diagnosis of YOD regard themselves as distinct from older people with dementia. Despite similar symptoms, the context in which they experience the condition creates a range of distinct psychosocial concerns not commonly well addressed by health and social care services. As awareness of YOD continues to grow, the development (or adaptation) of services that take into account the idiosyncratic needs of people with YOD should be addressed. (Edited publisher abstract)
Activities people with cognitive deficits want to continue mastering – a scoping study
- Authors:
- LINDQVIST Eva, et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 79(7), 2016, pp.399-408.
- Publisher:
- Sage
Introduction: To date, potential difficulties that people with cognitive deficits meet in everyday life are relatively well known, but in which activities mastery is desired, and why, is less researched. The aim of this study was to develop deeper knowledge about activities that people with cognitive deficits want to continue mastering in everyday life and the reasons why these activities were desired. Method: In the frame of a scoping study, articles were gathered and charted. Sixteen qualitative studies were selected as meeting the aim of the study and analysed with a descriptive-interpretative method. Findings: The analysis of the studies showed that the desired activities conveyed social values or independence, supported significant roles, diminished negative influence on other people, and increased health and safety. Linkages, in the form of dependencies between the desired activities, were also identified. Conclusion: When planning for interventions for facilitating everyday activities, for example with technology, it is beneficial to consider both safety and values that are more closely related to meaningfulness and wellbeing. Most difficult activities were identified as hindering outdoor activities, and targeting those activities might be most valuable for enabling active everyday lives for this group. (Publisher abstract)
Sensory stimulation: sensory-focused activities for people with physical and multiple disabilities
- Author:
- FOWLER Susan
- Publisher:
- Jessica Kingsley
- Publication year:
- 2007
- Pagination:
- 247p.
- Place of publication:
- London
- Edition:
- rev. ed.
Children explore and play in different environments and in doing so they find out what burns them or hurts them, what can be eaten, which things smell nice and what different sounds signify. This process of exploration and learning continues throughout our lives. Because of physical, sensory or intellectual disabilities many people have not had the same opportunities to explore and interact with their environment. Sensory stimulation programmes are designed to provide environments in which people with disabilities can have the opportunity to use their senses to learn about and interact more meaningfully with the world. This photocopiable resource provides the reader with a step-by-step approach to organising a sensory stimulation programme for carers and other professionals working with people with physical, multiple or complex disabilities. Importantly, it also presents information on sensory stimulation within a framework that embraces the person’s daily environment. Activity ideas are based around food, drink, personal and household care and crafts and are kept simple so they can be slotted into daily routine with minimum disruption.
Cognitive impairment as a strong predictor of incident disability in specific ADL-IADL tasks among community-dwelling elders: the Azuchi study
- Author:
- DODGE Hiroko H.
- Journal article citation:
- Gerontologist, 45(2), April 2005, pp.222-230.
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
In a 3-year follow-up of community-dwelling elderly persons in Azuchi, Japan, this study assessed cognition by using the Hasegawa Dementia Scale. The study examined (a) the cross-sectional association between cognitive impairment and functional disability in each ADL–IADL item; (b) cognitive impairment as a risk factor for incident disability in each ADL–IADL item, through logistic regression models; and (c) probabilities of incident loss of ADL–IADL abilities or death in 3 years, using multinomial logistic regression models. The population attributable risk of cognitive impairment on incident loss of task-specific ADL–IADL abilities was also calculated. Cross-sectionally, the severity of cognitive impairment was associated with disability in each ADL–IADL task, with larger effects shown for ADL items. Longitudinally, minimally or mildly cognitively impaired individuals had a significantly higher risk of losing functional abilities compared with those with intact cognition. The study concludes that cognitively impaired subjects are heterogeneous; the severity of cognitive impairment has a different impact on incident loss of task-specific ADL–IADL abilities, and comorbidities could affect disabilities differently.
Objectifying content validity: conducting a content validity study in social work research
- Authors:
- RUBIO Doris McGartland, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Social Work Research, 27(2), June 2003, pp.94-104.
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
Social scientists frequently study complex constructs. Despite the number of measures for these constructs, researchers may need to create their own measure for a particular study. When a measure is created, psychometric testing is required, and the first step is to study the content validity of the measure. Demonstrates how to conduct a content validity study, including how to elicit the most from a panel of experts, by collecting specific data. Instructions on how to calculate a content validity index, factorial validity index, and an interrater reliability index and guide for interpreting these indices are included. Implications regarding the value of conducting a content validity study for practitioners and researchers are discussed.
Complex ‘everyday’ lives meet multiple networks: the social and educational lives of young children in foster care and their foster carers
- Authors:
- MEETOO Veena, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Adoption and Fostering, 44(1), 2020, pp.37-55.
- Publisher:
- Sage
The everyday lives of young fostered children are rarely studied. Using an ethnographic approach including interviews, walks, observation and photomap making, this article reports on the findings from a unique pilot study of the social and educational lives of young foster children (aged 0‒4) in an inner London borough. The following findings are presented: (1) what foster carers do: everyday lives and education; (2) foster carers’ meanings and perspectives on early education; and (3) foster carers as ‘everyday experts’ in meeting complex needs. The findings demonstrate how foster carers fulfil multifaceted roles as they navigate complex everyday life with their young children. Ways in which foster carers may provide a ‘stimulating’ environment and the barriers and difficulties they encounter are discussed. (Edited publisher abstract)
An analysis of the impact of visual impairment on activities of daily living and vision-related quality of life in a visually impaired adult population
- Authors:
- JONES Nabila, BARTLETT Hannah Elizabeth, COOKE Richard
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Visual Impairment, 37(1), 2019, pp.50-63.
- Publisher:
- Sage
Previous research has shown that people with visual impairment are more likely to be malnourished and have reported to have difficulty shopping for, preparing, and eating food. They are also reported to have a poor quality of life. The present study aims to investigate the impact of visual impairment on activities of daily living and Vision-Related Quality of Life (VR-QoL) in a sample of adults with visual impairment who are living in the United Kingdom. A 37-question survey evaluating the nutritional status and the activities of daily living, cooking and shopping, was disseminated to adults with visual impairment who were 18 years and older. VR-QoL was also assessed using the validated, Questionnaire of Vision-Related Quality of Life Measure (VCM1). Participants reported that being visually impaired made it difficult to shop for, prepare, and cook meals, and this correlated significantly with level of visual impairment. The VCM1 score of ⩾2.1 was reported by 74% of people with visual impairment revealing VR-QoL is more than a little of a concern for most of the participants. The mean VCM1 score for females was 2.9 ± 0.98 and 2.5 ± 1.1 for males. Level of visual impairment was not found to influence the VCM1 scores. This indicates even those with visual impairment below the level required for sight impairment registration report a reduced VR-QoL. It is the responsibility and duty of society to support people with visual impairment or other disabilities rather than blaming them for not ‘integrating’. Among other things, this can be done by incorporating norms into the marketing. These norms might help to raise and increase the awareness of suppliers to the needs of consumers with visual impairment. Furthermore, such norms may contribute to our ongoing efforts for a more inclusive and accessible environment.
Receipt of formal and informal help with specific care tasks among older people living in their own home. National trends over two decades
- Authors:
- DAHLBERG Lena, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Social Policy and Administration, 52(1), 2018, pp.91-110.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Sweden is seen as a typical example of a social democratic welfare regime, with universal and generous welfare policies. However, in the last decades, there have been substantial reductions in the Swedish provision of care for older people. This study aimed to examine trends in sources of care-receipt in older people (77+) living in their own home and with a perceived need for help with two specific tasks: house cleaning and/or food shopping. Trends in care-receipt were examined in relation to gender, living alone, having children and socio-economic position. Data from the 1992, 2002 and 2011 data collection waves of the national study, Swedish Panel Study of Living Conditions of the Oldest Old (SWEOLD), were used. Response rates varied between 86 and 95 per cent, and the sample represents the population well. Trends and differences between groups were explored in bivariate and logistic regression analyses. There was a reduction in formal care-receipt regarding house cleaning and food shopping over the study period. It was more common for women than men to receive formal care, and more common for men than women to receive informal care. Reductions in formal care have affected older women more than older men. Still, living alone was the most influential factor in care-receipt, associated with a greater likelihood of formal care-receipt and a lower likelihood of informal care-receipt. It can be concluded that public responsibility for care is becoming more narrowly defined in Sweden, and that more responsibility for care is placed on persons in need of care and their families. (Publisher abstract)