Search results for ‘Subject term:"activities of daily living"’ Sort:
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Why do dementia patients become unable to lead a daily life with decreasing cognitive function?
- Authors:
- YOKOI Teruo, TERUO YOKOI
- Journal article citation:
- Dementia: the International Journal of Social Research and Practice, 12(5), 2013, pp.551-568.
- Publisher:
- Sage
This study explains the reasons why dementia patients become unable to successfully perform activities of daily living (ADL) with advancement of dementia, using a model developed by the authors. Dementia inpatients of a geriatric health services facility were classified into four stages, using the model of self-awareness ability (consisting of ‘theory of mind’, ‘self-evaluation’ and ‘self-consciousness’) that was constructed by combining ‘theory of mind’ and Lewis’s developmental model of cognition and emotion. Scenes from daily life were also observed and documented, and the reasons why patients become unable to seek assistance from others for ADL, were interpreted based on the model. Patients could not seek assistance from others, because the patients who failed in the task of ‘theory of mind’ were unable to self-assess their own mind and the minds of others, and those having failed in the task of ‘self-evaluation’ could not evaluate their own situation. (Edited publisher abstract)
Constant hierarchic patterns of physical functioning across seven populations in five countries
- Authors:
- FERRUCCI Luigi, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Gerontologist, 38(3), June 1998, pp.286-294.
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
This research was aimed at identifying critical steps in the decline in physical function that often parallels ageing. Six basic and nine instrumental activities of daily living (ADLs) were classified into four domains of disability characterised by specific underlying physical impairment. The hierarchical order of this classification was verified in two random samples representative of the older home-dwelling population. The cross-cultural reliability of the model was verified in seven population-based samples of older persons living in five European countries. In older persons the disabling process follows a general pattern of progression based on a typical sequence of impairments.
"We build vacations into everyday life": rethinking carers' restorative experiences through the lens of place
- Author:
- SILVERMAN Marjorie
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Care and Caring, 2(4), 2018, pp.515-527.
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
This article proposes a reimagining of the concept of carer respite. It explores the role of place in eliciting restorative experiences for carers and reconsiders the mechanism of 'respite as an outcome'. Findings from a Canadian-based study about dementia carers' experiences in their neighbourhoods illustrate that everyday places, whether in the home or in the social or built environment of the neighbourhood, facilitate their connections to themselves and others, leading to a sense of restoration. As such, respite is the outcome not necessarily of mental or physical removal from the care situation, but rather of the (em)placing of care within everyday life. (Publisher abstract)
Dementia care: focusing on daily experiences
- Author:
- DURGAHEE Taleb
- Journal article citation:
- Nursing Times, 108(36), 2012, pp.12-14.
- Publisher:
- Nursing Times
This article describes the development of the Kitwood Plus model, which was specifically designed to care for people with dementia. The Model fosters high-quality interaction from carers to enhance relationships and daily living experiences. The article explains why a model of care for dementia is needed; outlines key aspects of the Kitwood Plus model and carers' toolkit; and describes how the model works in practice.
The influence of psychological, social and contextual factors on the expression and measurement of awareness in early-stage dementia: testing a biopsychosocial model
- Authors:
- CLARE Linda, et al
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 27(2), February 2012, pp.167-177.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
A reduction in awareness of cognitive impairment or behavioural change is frequently found in early-stage dementia. The aim of this study was to test a biopsychosocial model of awareness in early-stage dementia by gathering evidence regarding the relative contributions of neuropsychological, individual psychological and social factors to the level of scoring on measures used to index awareness. The study presents data from initial assessments of 101 people with early-stage dementia participating in the Memory Impairment and Dementia Awareness (MIDAS) Study. Awareness was assessed using parallel self-ratings and carer ratings in relation to memory, activities of daily living, and social functioning. The findings show that, in all 3 awareness domains, the self-ratings of the person with dementia were more positive than the carer ratings. Discrepancy scores were greatest for activities of daily living, moderate for memory, and lowest for social functioning. The findings demonstrate that psychological and social factors significantly influence scores on measures of awareness alongside illness-related and neuropsychological factors, supporting the relevance of a biopsychosocial approach to understanding the factors that influence unawareness of impairment in dementia. (Edited publisher abstract)
Enriching opportunities for people living with dementia: the development of a blueprint for a sustainable activity-based model
- Authors:
- BROOKER Dawn J., WOOLEY Rosemary J.
- Journal article citation:
- Aging and Mental Health, 11(4), July 2007, pp.371-383.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
The aim of this paper is to describe the process of building a multi-level intervention called the Enriched Opportunities Programme, the objective of which is to provide a sustainable activity-based model for people with dementia living in long-term care. It is hypothesised that five key elements need to work together to bring about a sustainable activity-based model of care. These elements are specialist expertise-the staff role of Locksmith was developed as part of this programme; individualised assessment and case work; an activity and occupation programme; staff training; and management and leadership. These elements working together are known as the Enriched Opportunities Programme. This paper reports on the processes undertaken to develop Enriched Opportunities from its inception to the present, and focuses on lessons learnt from the literature, an expert working group and action research in four UK study sites. A blueprint for evaluation in other long-term care facilities is described.
How age and disability affect long-term care expenditures in the United States
- Authors:
- STEARNS Sally C., NORTON Edward C., YANG Zhou
- Journal article citation:
- Social Policy and Society, 6(3), July 2007, pp.367-378.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
The ageing of the population and increasing longevity result in predictions of sizeable increases in long-term care expenditures. Other analyses have shown significant decreases in disability prevalence among older people in the US. This study provides an empirical quantification of the net result of these two forces (increased expenditures due to ageing versus potential expenditure reductions due to reduced disability) using the Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey. The analyses show that the implications of ageing and increasing longevity for long-term care expenditures are modest relative to the effects of future increases or decreases in functional abilities of older people.
An integrative review of the literature on how eating disorders among adolescents affect the family as a system – complex structures and relational processes
- Authors:
- EKLUND Rakel, SALZMANN-ERIKSON Martin
- Journal article citation:
- Mental Health Review Journal, 21(3), 2016, pp.213-230.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: The purpose of this literature review is to describe how eating disorders among adolescents affect family relationships and the family’s daily living conditions and to describe the family’s experienced need for professional support. Design/methodology/approach: An integrative literature review based on the method of Whittemore and Knafl. In all, 15 articles with both qualitative and quantitative approaches were reviewed. Findings: The results are presented in two main themes: a disharmonic family and the need for input from healthcare professionals. The results are discussed using Callista Roy’s adaptation model and the adaptive modes: group identity mode, role function and interdependence. Originality/value: This review paper will be of interest to clinical nurses and other professionals who encounter families to clarify how the relationships and roles change within the family. To the authors knowledge, no integrative review has paid attention to how the relational aspects of the family members, their social roles and role constructions within the family affect daily living. (Publisher abstract)
Risk factors of falls in community-dwelling older adults: logistic regression tree analysis
- Authors:
- YAMASHITA Takashi, NOE Douglas A., BAILER A. John
- Journal article citation:
- Gerontologist, 52(6), December 2012, pp.822-832.
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
The authors applied a novel logistic regression tree-based method to identify fall risk factors and possible interactions among them. A nationally representative sample of American adults aged 65 years and over (n = 9,592) in the Health and Retirement Study 2004 and 2006 modules was used. Logistic Tree with Unbiased Selection, a computer algorithm for tree-based modelling, recursively split the entire group in the data set into mutually exclusive subgroups and fitted a logistic regression model in each subgroup to generate a tree diagram. Older adults with; a fall history, no activities of daily living (ADL) limitation, at least one instrumental activity of daily living limitation, or fall histories and at least one ADL limitation were at highest risk of falls. The best predictor of falls varied within each subgroup. The authors conclude that the use of tree-based methods may provide useful information for intervention program design and resource allocation targeting subpopulations of older adults at risk of falls.
Assessing the impact of receiving Disability Living Allowance (DLA): secondary analysis of existing data
- Authors:
- MACKINNON Karen, SALIS Sergio, WILKINSON David
- Publisher:
- Great Britain. Department for Work and Pensions
- Publication year:
- 2011
- Pagination:
- 41p., bibliog.
- Place of publication:
- London
Disability Living Allowance (DLA) is a tax-free benefit for children and adults who need help with personal care or have walking difficulties because they are physically or mentally disabled. It is a benefit designed to meet the extra costs of disability with recipients being free to choose how to spend it. The aim of this research was to consider the impact of receiving DLA on recipients through quantitative secondary analysis of existing data. A matching approach is used to identify people with similar characteristics to recipients and compare outcomes between DLA recipients and the matched comparison group. The analysis uses existing data from the English Longitudinal Survey of Ageing (ELSA) from 2002 to 2006 and the 1996/1997 FRS Disability Follow-up Survey. A range of outcome measures are considered falling under 3 broad headings: care and mobility arrangements; standards of living and expenditure on specific goods and service; and the degree of social inclusion or exclusion. The analysis examines whether DLA recipients are more likely to have aids or gadgets, modifications to their home, consumer durables etc. than non-recipients with similar needs. The report concludes that improvement to the model could be made by using a survey that is more up to date than the FRS disability survey and allows for better identification of care needs than is currently possible from ELSA.