Search results for ‘Subject term:"activities of daily living"’ Sort:
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Health capital in everyday life of the oldest old living in their own homes
- Authors:
- BERGLAND Astrid, SLETTEBO Ashild
- Journal article citation:
- Ageing and Society, 35(10), 2015, pp.2156-2175.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
As more people experience old age as a time of growth and productivity, more research is needed that explores how they master everyday life. This paper reports on a qualitative study that explored how ten older women age 90 years or more experience and cope with the challenges of everyday life with a salutogenic perspective. The findings suggest that health resources such as positive expectation, reflection and adaptation, function and active contribution, relations and home, contribute to the health capital of women. These health resources were of importance for the women's experience of comprehensibility, manageability and meaningfulness in daily life. Health capital is a meaningful concept for understanding coping in everyday life by older people. (Edited publisher abstract)
Occupation and health: a review of selected literature
- Authors:
- CREEK Jennifer, HUGHES Andrew
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 71(11), November 2008, pp.456-468.
- Publisher:
- Sage
Occupational therapy is based on the belief that people can influence the state of their health through what they do. However, there appears to be a shortage of evidence to support this belief. This paper describes a review of selected literature on the effects of occupation on health. The aims were to review how occupation and health are defined in the occupational therapy literature; to find synonyms for these two terms to enable a search for relevant literature; to review evidence for a relationship between what people do and their health; and to identify factors that mediate the relationship between occupation and health. The review had five main findings: occupation and health are defined in a variety of ways by occupational therapists; there is a wealth of literature, representing a number of disciplines and a wide range of research, that explores the relationship between occupation and health; engaging in occupation carries both potential health benefits and risks to health; there is limited knowledge of the ways in which occupation influences health; and the impact of occupation on health is mediated by a complex range of factors. These findings have implications for occupational therapy research, practice and education.
Age group differences in depressive symptoms among older adults with functional impairments
- Authors:
- CHOI Namkee G., KIM Johnny S.
- Journal article citation:
- Health and Social Work, 32(3), August 2007, pp.177-188.
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
This study used data from the 2,000 interview wave of the Health and Retirement Study from the United States to examine age group differences in the likelihood of self-reported depressive symptomatology among a nationally representative sample of 3,035 adults age 55 years or older who had at least one activities of daily living (ADL) or instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) limitation. Depression was defined as scoring three points or higher on the eight-point Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. The results show that respondents age 75 years or older with one ADL/IADL impairment or more were significantly less likely to be depressed than were those between ages 55 and 64 with the same degree of functional impairment. It is recommended that doctors, social workers, and other health care and social services providers pay special attention to younger old adults with health problems and functional limitations because they have a greater risk of being depressed.
Health trends in the elderly population: getting better and getting worse
- Authors:
- PARKER Marti G., THORSLUND Mats
- Journal article citation:
- Gerontologist, 47(2), April 2007, pp.150-158.
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
Health trends in the fastest growing sector of the population, the oldest old, have received much attention during the past decade because of the rising costs of medical and long-term care. Many studies have suggested a compression of morbidity in this sector, implying that the future care needs of elderly people will not follow the demographic prognoses. Most of these studies have used health indicators based on disability, a concept that is contextually embedded. The authors take a closer look at health-trend surveys with a focus on the health indicator used. Their findings reveal that although disability measures often show improvement, there is a simultaneous increase in chronic disease and functional impairments - health components that require care resources. That is, an expansion of other health problems may accompany a compression of disability. Therefore, a concept of general morbidity is not sufficient when discussing health trends and the need for care services in the elderly population. Because different indicators do not show the same trends over time, they suggest a more refined discussion that distinguishes between different health components. In addition, different components have different implications for the amount and kind of care resources needed. If the current positive trends in disability continue, future need for social services and long-term care may not parallel demographic projections. Trends in disease and functional limitations seem to have taken a different direction, suggesting a parallel or increased need for resources in medical care, rehabilitation, and compensatory interventions such as assistive technology.
Effective peer leader attributes for the promotion of walking in older adults
- Authors:
- KRITZ Marlene, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Gerontologist, 60(6), 2020, pp.1137-1148.
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
Peer-led interventions are promising for the promotion of physical activity behavior in older adults. However, little is known about the attributes of effective older peer leaders in such intervention programs. The objective was to determine what older adults perceive to be effective peer leader attributes. Research Design and Methods: A mixed-methods concurrent triangulation design was used. articipants, aged 60 years and older, were recruited from retirement villages and existing walking groups in Western Australia. They were predominantly white, Australian-born, female, healthy retirees. The sample consisted of four groups of older adults: those who had taken part in past peer-led walking programs (experienced walkers; n = 18), those interested in joining as walkers in a peer-led walking intervention (inexperienced walkers; n = 43), those interested to take on a peer leader role (inexperienced peer leaders; n = 25), and those who had already served as peer leaders (experienced peer leaders; n = 15). Questionnaires measured perceived effective leadership attributes, and physical activity was measured using ActivPAL devices (N = 101; Mage [SD] = 75.36 [7.59]). Semistructured interviews were conducted with the majority of participants (N = 68; Mage [SD] = 74.68 [7.78]).Results: Overall, participants described an effective peer leader as optimistic, compassionate, and friendly, but differences in perceptions were apparent between the groups. Discussion and Implications: The authors findings advance knowledge about important characteristics of an effective older peer leader, which can inform peer leader training, recruitment of peer leaders, and future scale development. (Edited publisher abstract)
Multiple influences on participating in physical activity in older age: developing a social ecological approach
- Authors:
- BOULTON Elisabeth R., HORNE Maria, TODD Chris
- Journal article citation:
- Health Expectations, 21(1), 2018, pp.239-248. Online only
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Background: Evidence of the benefits of engaging in physical activity (PA) is strong, yet the number of older adults meeting the recommended 150 min/wk is low. Policy to increase uptake and adherence has focussed on the health benefits of PA, but may not be the most successful approach. Objective: This qualitative study sought to ask older adults what the components of a successful intervention to promote PA would be, by asking active older adults what motivated them to be active and asking inactive older adults what might encourage them to change. Design, setting and participants: Focus groups and semi-structured interviews were held with 60 community-dwelling older adults, aged 50-87 years. Framework analysis was used to analyse the data, and themes congruent with a social ecological model of behaviour change were developed. Findings: Five themes emerged that influenced PA engagement at multiple levels: individual; interpersonal; perceived environment; community or organizational; and policy. PA engagement was determined by attitude or health status for some participants, but for the majority, PA being enjoyable, sociable, affordable, accessible, flexible and seasonal were more important than the health benefits. Discussion and conclusions: A social ecological model is presented, highlighting the fact that both motivated and unmotivated older adults need to have a range of appropriately labelled, appealing and accessible activities to choose from when thinking about engaging in PA. Policymakers and practitioners need to ensure that their offers of activity sessions are easy to access and easy to remain involved in. (Publisher abstract)
The impact of visual impairment on nutritional status: a systematic review
- Authors:
- JONES Nabila, BARTLETT Hannah
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Visual Impairment, 36(1), 2018, pp.17-30.
- Publisher:
- Sage
The aim of this review was to evaluate the literature that has investigated the impact of visual impairment on nutritional status. The authors identified relevant articles through a multi-staged systematic approach. Fourteen articles were identified as meeting the inclusion criteria. The sample size of the studies ranged from 9 to 761 participants. It was found that visual impairment significantly affects nutritional status. The studies reported that visually impaired people have an abnormal body mass index (BMI); a higher prevalence of obesity and malnutrition was reported. Visually impaired people find it difficult to shop for, eat, and prepare meals. Most studies had a small sample size, and some studies did not include a study control group for comparison. The limitations of these studies suggest that the findings are not conclusive enough to hold true for only those who are visually impaired. Further studies with a larger sample size are required with the aim of developing interventions. (Edited publisher abstract)
Keeping disease at arm's length: how older Danish people distance disease through active ageing
- Author:
- LASSEN Aske Juul
- Journal article citation:
- Ageing and Society, 35(7), 2015, pp.1364-1383.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
Many older people live with a range of chronic diseases. However, these diseases do not necessarily impede an active lifestyle. In this article the author analyses the relation between the active ageing discourse and the way older people at two Danish activity centres handle disease. How does active ageing change everyday life with chronic disease, and how do older people combine an active life with a range of chronic diseases? The participants in the study use activities to keep their diseases at arm's length, and this distancing of disease at the same time enables them to engage in social and physical activities at the activity centre. In this way, keeping disease at arm's length is analysed as an ambiguous health strategy. The article shows the importance of looking into how active ageing is practised, as active ageing seems to work well in the everyday life of the older people by not giving emphasis to disease. The article is based on ethnographic fieldwork and uses vignettes of four participants to show how they each keep diseases at arm's length. (Publisher abstract)
Variables associated to quality of life among nursing home patients with dementia
- Authors:
- MJORUD Marit, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Aging and Mental Health, 18(8), 2014, pp.1013-1021.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Objective: To study which variables are associated with quality of life (QOL) in persons with dementia (PWD) living in nursing homes (NHs). Methods: A cross-sectional study included 661 PWD living in NH. To measure QOL the quality of life in late-stage dementia scale (QUALID) was applied. Other scales were: the clinical dementia rating scale (CDR), physical self-maintenance scale (PSMS), and neuropsychiatric inventory questionnaire (NPI-Q). Results: The patients’ mean age was: 86.9, 472 (71.4%) were women. Of all, 22.5% had CDR 1, 33.6% had CDR 2, and 43.9% had CDR 3. The mean PSMS score was 18.2 (SD 5.0), 43.1% lived in special care units, 56.9% in regular units. In a linear regression analysis NPI-affective score, NPI-agitation score, PSMS total score, NPI-apathy, NPI psychosis, CDR sum of boxes score were significantly associated with QUALID total score (explained variance 44.5%). Conclusion: Neuropsychiatric symptoms, apathy, severity of dementia, and impairment in activities in daily living are associated with reduced QOL in NH patients with dementia. (Edited publisher abstract)
What does the 2011 Census tell us about the "oldest old" living in England and Wales
- Author:
- OFFICE FOR NATIONAL STATISTICS
- Publisher:
- Office for National Statistics
- Publication year:
- 2013
- Pagination:
- 44
- Place of publication:
- Newport
This statistical report looks at characteristics of the “oldest old” living in England and Wales, those who were aged 85 years or older on Census Day 2011, including thoes living in retirement and nursing homes. The report compares the 85 and over population with other age groups. It highlights the similarities and differences of this population group at a national level and extends our knowledge of those aged 85 and over who were usually resident in England and Wales in 2011. Areas covered include: ethnicity and religion; residency (ie individual household or communal establishment); marital status and living arrangements; general health; limitations of daily activities; and provision of unpaid care. (Original abstract)