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The cost of child poverty in 2021
- Author:
- HIRSCH Donald
- Publisher:
- Loughborough University. Centre for Research in Social Policy
- Publication year:
- 2021
- Pagination:
- 8
- Place of publication:
- London
This paper updates an estimate of the cost of child poverty to society, originally carried out in 2008 and subsequently updated in 2013. It gives a broad estimate illustrating the huge magnitude of the economic costs of child poverty that are felt across society and not just by those experiencing poverty. The estimate is based on two underlying observations. First, that children who grow up in poverty suffer effects that mean that as adults they will earn less, pay less tax and are more likely to require public support than the rest of the population. Secondly, public service spending is substantially higher in local areas where child poverty is high, because children growing up in poverty require a range of compensatory measures as a result of the disadvantages they face – ranging from more social services interventions to greater NHS expenditures to tackle ill health. The estimate represents a minimum of what child poverty is likely to cost the country, rather than a speculative figure of what it might cost in a worst-case scenario. The report estimates that child poverty is now costing the country an estimated £38 billion a year, of which nearly £12 billion represents a reduction in the future prosperity of those affected as a result of earning less, nearly £5 billion is the loss to the Treasury in the tax they will pay, £2 billion is the estimate of how much more it will cost to support them during periods of unemployment and £19 billion is the current cost in public expenditure on services addressing the consequences of child poverty. (Edited publisher abstract)
Experiences of living with visual impairment: matching income with need
- Authors:
- HILL Katherine, SHEPHERD Claire, HIRSCH Donald
- Publisher:
- Loughborough University. Centre for Research in Social Policy
- Publication year:
- 2018
- Pagination:
- 89
- Place of publication:
- London
Full research report investigating the experiences of visually impaired people living at or below the Minimum Income Standard and the impact on their lives. The research considers how income from different sources helps visually impaired people to meet a minimum living standard, and how it can fall short of doing so. It then look at the extent to which people can meet material and social needs, as well as those arising from sight loss, how they prioritise and make decisions about spending, and what other factors can help or make it more difficult to meet these needs. The research comprised interviews with 26 participants living in England. The research found that participants prioritised meeting core material needs, such as food and keeping the home warm, however this could involve compromises. Social participation was seen as extremely important, but participants varied in terms of how well they could meet this need. The research highlights that other resources can make a difference to how well visually impaired people are able to meet their material and social needs. It found that human contact – whether support from friends and families, help from the state, or services from specialist visual impairment organisations - and appropriate technology can also play a valuable role. Potential barriers that can impede meeting needs included: poor health; poor access to local facilities and public transport; and lacking knowledge of how to claim benefits, how to become registered with the local authority as visually impaired, where to find services and support or what technology may help. Key policy messages from the study are: the need for more secure sources of income for visually impaired people, the potential of information and services to help people cope with challenges and the importance of getting such information and support to people when they first become visually impaired. (Edited publisher abstract)
Sight loss and minimum living standards: the additional costs of living for people of working age who are severely sight impaired and for people of pension age with acquired sight impairment
- Authors:
- HILL Katherine, et al
- Publisher:
- Loughborough University. Centre for Research in Social Policy
- Publication year:
- 2016
- Pagination:
- 132
- Place of publication:
- Leicester
This research uses the Minimum Income Standards (MIS) method to calculate the additional costs of living for different groups of people with vision impairment and shows how they increase with severity of impairment and age. The research, funded by Thomas Pocklington Trust, is based on deliberation among groups of people with sight loss about additions that need to be made to the standard MIS household budget because of their vision impairment. The report outlines how much extra they need to reach a minimum acceptable standard of living. Working age people who are severely sight impaired face 60 per cent higher costs, and the costs for someone of pension age who is sight impaired can be 41 per cent more than people of the same age who are not vision impaired, both higher than the 25 per cent additional cost identified in a previous study looking at the additional costs of someone of working age who is sight impaired. The research also highlights the broad range of additional costs that people who are vision impaired face and the similarities and differences in needs and costs when severity of impairment and age are taken into account. (Edited publisher abstract)
Additional costs of living for people who are deaf: research findings
- Author:
- LOUGHBOROUGH UNIVERSITY. Centre for Research in Social Policy
- Publisher:
- Loughborough University. Centre for Research in Social Policy
- Publication year:
- 2015
- Pagination:
- 7
- Place of publication:
- Loughborough
This study estimated the additional expenses of someone who is profoundly deaf and uses British Sign Language. It covered extra spending needs for life inside and outside the home. This research uses the Minimum Income Standard approach, which considers the amount that a household needs to cover its expenses so that people can reach an acceptable standard of living and participate in society, focusing on meeting basic physical and social needs and excluding things that are not regarded as essential. It is based on discussions among members of the public, deciding what items are essential in a household budget. The budget for a working age person living alone who is deaf is over 80 per cent more than for a hearing person: £163 extra on top of the standard minimum budget of £199 a week. The biggest additional cost comes from paying for interpretation, beyond where interpretation is provided free for certain services. This accounts for over three quarters of the additional budget. Some additional cost comes from the need for technological aids that help communication, such as appropriate mobile phone and computer equipment. These are important to allow people to participate in society. Substantial additional costs also arise from the way deaf people live, including their need for more social activities to avoid isolation and extra travel costs to get to activities and friends further afield. The report concludes that Personal Independence Payments assessments are based narrowly on what people can and cannot do, rather than the wider context of how deaf people live. As a result, there is a risk that some of these costs will not be covered. (Edited publisher abstract)
Disability and minimum living standards: the additional costs of living for people who are sight impaired and people who are Deaf
- Authors:
- HILL Katherine, et al
- Publisher:
- Loughborough University. Centre for Research in Social Policy
- Publication year:
- 2015
- Pagination:
- 98
- Place of publication:
- Loughborough
Report presenting key findings of research into the additional amount that it costs people who are sight impaired and people who are Deaf to reach a minimum acceptable standard of living. The study asked three groups of people who were sight impaired and three groups of people who were Deaf, each to reflect on the additional things that households with impairments similar to their own would require in order to reach a minimum standard of living. Needs were specified for an imaginary 'case study' person, of working age, living alone with a particular type of disability. The main categories incurring extra costs included: technological equipment; domestic help; additional travel costs; additional costs of socialising and going on holiday; additional costs of household goods (eg lighting, type of flooring); additional health care costs; electricity; and interpretation. Overall, additional costs for a person who is sight impaired added £50.49 came on a £198.60 minimum household budget for a single person, with a quarter of the additions coming from technology, a quarter from domestic help, and the rest spread across the other categories. Additional costs for a single person with a hearing impairment came to £163.03, with over three quarters of the additions coming from interpreters and most of the remainder from social activities. The study demonstrates how living with a disability can bring additional costs, but these can vary depending on the personal assistance or services that someone requires. It also demonstrates the scope for doing similar research with people who have different types of impairment or disability. (Edited publisher abstract)
Transport and getting around in later life
- Authors:
- SUTTON Liz, HILL Katherine
- Publisher:
- Loughborough University. Centre for Research in Social Policy
- Publication year:
- 2010
- Pagination:
- 14p., bibliog.
- Place of publication:
- Loughborough
Getting out and about is important to older people’s independence, access to services and social networks. Transport is a key factor in preventing social exclusion and enabling older people to play a role in their communities. This project involved in-depth interviews with people (aged 65-84 at the first interview) 2 years apart to explore their changing needs and resources as they moved through later life. The research took a holistic approach to demonstrate the range of different structural, social and individual resources that people drew on to help manage. The purpose of this paper is to focus on the findings that relate to older people’s access to a range of transport and the impact that being able to use transport (or not) can have on their wider well-being. The findings contribute to policies concerning the independence and participation of older people in society. The paper examines changes in various aspects of older people’s transport use including: public transport use; car driving; and mobility scooter use.
Managing finances in later life
- Authors:
- HILL Katherine, SUTTON Liz
- Publisher:
- Loughborough University. Centre for Research in Social Policy
- Publication year:
- 2010
- Pagination:
- 16p., bibliog.
- Place of publication:
- Loughborough
Progress has been made in reducing pensioner poverty, however, around a third of pensioners do not claim the benefits they are entitled to. Older people have less opportunity to increase their income through paid work and have been particularly affected by rising energy and food prices and reduced income from savings. This project involved in-depth interviews with people (aged 65-84 at the first interview) 2 years apart to explore their changing needs and resources as they moved through later life. The research took a holistic approach to demonstrate the range of different structural, social and individual resources that people drew on to help them manage. The purpose of this paper is to report on the findings that relate to how older people manage their finances and the interplay between finances and other formal and informal resources. This summary highlights the implications for policies surrounding older people’s financial well-being, benefit receipt and take up rates, and access to financial services and information. The paper examines the impact of changes in older people’s financial circumstances including: what helps or hinders older people in managing their finances; how access to resources can protect against the impact of or help to manage financial change; the difference made by benefit receipt; the effect of personal budgeting skills and attitudes to money/spending; and the need for information and support.
Register of community mental handicap teams in England
- Authors:
- GRIFFITHS Terri, BROWN Stephen, et al
- Publisher:
- Loughborough University of Technology. Centre for Research in Social Policy
- Publication year:
- 1990
- Pagination:
- 54p.
- Place of publication:
- Loughborough
Housing transitions: older people's changing housing needs
- Authors:
- HILL Katherine, SUTTON Liz
- Publisher:
- University of Loughborough. Centre for Research in Social Policy
- Publication year:
- 2010
- Pagination:
- 20p., bibliog.
- Place of publication:
- Loughborough
The home environment becomes of greater importance to older people in later life, especially if their health or mobility deteriorates. This project involved in-depth interviews with people (aged 65-84 at the first interview) 2 years apart to explore their changing needs and resources as they moved through later life. The research took a holistic approach to demonstrate the range of different structural, social and individual resources that people drew on to help manage their changing needs. The purpose of this paper was to focus on the findings that relate to older people remaining in, or moving from, their home in later life. This summary highlights the implications for housing information and options, home adaptations and the appropriateness of housing in relation to older people’s well-being and independence. The paper examines changes in older people’s home circumstances including: the experience and impact of moving; the factors that help or hinder moving; adaptations, alterations, and refurbishments; and changes in warden service.
Collaboration since restructuring: the 1984 survey of joint planning and joint finance
- Authors:
- WISTOW Gerald, FULLER Sue
- Publisher:
- University of Loughborough. Centre for Research in Social Policy, NAHA
- Publication year:
- 1986
- Pagination:
- 62p., tables, bibliog.
- Place of publication:
- Loughborough
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