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Which models of supervision help retain staff? Findings from Australia’s domestic and family violence and sexual assault workforces
- Authors:
- CORTIS Natasha, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Australian Social Work, 74(1), 2021, pp.68-82.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
The contribution professional supervision makes to quality services, staff satisfaction, and retention is well recognised across social work and human service settings. Yet frequent supervision is difficult to provide where organisational resources are limited and urgent client-related tasks must take priority. In these contexts, group-based supervision may offer an alternative to traditional individual approaches, yet its impacts have been infrequently researched. Using survey data (n = 917), we examine the prevalence of individual and group-based supervision among practitioners delivering domestic and family violence and sexual assault services (DFVSA), and associations these forms of supervision have with staff retention. While individual supervision remains most common, one in eight practitioners report that they never receive it. Multivariate analysis indicates frequent individual supervision is most effective for retaining practitioners. This provides empirical support for prioritising individual supervision within strategies for promoting workforce sustainability and service quality in DFVSA and other social service settings. (Edited publisher abstract)
Factors influencing the turnover of frontline public child welfare supervisors
- Authors:
- GRIFFITHS Austin, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Public Child Welfare, 14(5), 2020, pp.553-569.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
Frontline child welfare supervisors are a vitally important component for providing leadership in service delivery and workforce stability. This statewide study of public child welfare supervisors uses a modified version of a previously developed instrument (the CWEFS) to examine job satisfaction and factors influencing supervisors’ intention to leave. A consistent negative perception of salary was found but a stratified pattern of dissatisfaction emerged across other variables when examined by intention to leave (Stayers, Undecided, and Leavers). A Hierarchical Binary Logistic Regression Model identified two factors that predicted intention to leave: dissatisfaction with administrative support and workload impact. (Edited publisher abstract)
Play in social workers’ psychodynamic therapy supervision
- Author:
- YERUSHALMI Hanoch
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Social Work Practice, 34(3), 2020, pp.297-308.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
Various studies in the science and culture fields have long recognised the power of play in facilitating human development and therapeutic processes. This paper focuses on the developmental potential of play in psychodynamic therapy supervision for social workers who function as therapists, but its conclusions might be applied to supervision of other social work interventions. It is suggested that play is represented in supervision by an illusion shared by the supervisor and supervisee of their complete togetherness in the supervisee’s clinical struggles and clinical responsibility. This element of play temporarily reduces supervisees’ sense of loneliness in their responsibility for clients’ welfare and for the integrity of therapeutic processes. This illusion is healthy and growth promoting when supervisees acknowledge reality and when, by repeatedly experiencing this illusion, they assimilate it into their professional self. Through such a process, supervisees eventually internalise a professional community of supervisors, colleagues, and writers, who become symbolic representations that can be projected onto reality and facilitate professional interactions. (Publisher abstract)
‘Ethics are messy’: supervision as a tool to help social workers manage ethical challenges
- Authors:
- McCARTHY Lauren P., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Ethics and Social Welfare, 14(1), 2020, pp.118-134.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Abingdon
Supervision is a critical component of professional socialisation for social workers that helps them develop skills to practice in complex private and public organisations whose values may be at odds with social work ethics. Research on the relationship between supervision and how social workers navigate ethical challenges is limited and has typically focused on managing the resultant stress. This qualitative study reports on the perspectives of 23 social workers representing diverse work contexts and experience levels who were asked broadly about their experiences managing ethical challenges in practice. After researchers engaged in an iterative process of open and axial coding of interview transcripts, six subthemes were identified within the primary theme of supervision: the importance of quality supervision, early supervisory experiences, components of supervision, interprofessional aspects of supervision, power dynamics, and the function and impact of supervision. Implications of the results for research and practice are described, including the need for supervisor training and support, exploration of supervision power dynamics, and how to balance creating a safe supervisory environment with need for accountability. (Publisher abstract)
Does contingency work in human service agencies compromise practice and practice ethics? An exploratory study
- Author:
- HYDE Cheryl A.
- Journal article citation:
- Ethics and Social Welfare, 14(1), 2020, pp.39-51.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Abingdon
The use of contingency workers has increased in the human service sector though the consequences of this labour arrangement have not been examined. This article reports findings from an exploratory study in which 15 human service workers employed on a contingency basis were interviewed regarding their choices and the consequences of their jobs. Two broad research questions guide discussion and analysis: (1) how do current contingent workers describe or assess their employment situations, and (2) given this information, how might contingency status impact practice ethics. Results suggest that because of the precarious nature of contingency work, practice ethics are compromised. Respondents reported that they do not have access to regular supervision or are not attached to their co-workers or agencies, which means that they are not able to readily consult with others when ethical challenges arise. Discussion focuses on the broader implications that contingency arrangements have not just for ethical decision-making, but for the development of the workers, the agencies, and the human service sector. (Publisher abstract)
The application of ethics within social work supervision: a selected literature and research review
- Authors:
- O'DONOGHUE Kieran, O'DONOGHUE Rebekah
- Journal article citation:
- Ethics and Social Welfare, 13(4), 2019, pp.340-360.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Abingdon
Social work supervision is a forum in which social workers and supervisors have the opportunity to explore ethics within their practice. It is also where social workers experience ongoing learning and development regarding ethics. This article is a selective review of social work supervision and ethics literature. Key areas identified are: 1) the role of supervision in the monitoring and development of ethical social work practice; 2) supervisors’ knowledge and application of codes of ethics, ethical theories, principles and ethical decision-making models; 3) ethical supervisory relationships, processes and practices. A lack of research evidence was identified regarding the application of ethics within supervision and in relation to the interactional process of ethical exploration, inquiry and dialogue within sessions. Considering this lack of evidence, we propose that ethics be integrated throughout the supervision process through the development of care ethics culture, ethical sensitivity and ethical dialogue. The article concludes with recommendations about bringing ethics to the forefront in supervision. Recommendations are also made concerning further research pertaining to the monitoring and development of ethical social work practice through supervision, supervisors’ ethics knowledge, the interactional process of ethical supervisory practice with supervisees and the influence of organisational culture upon ethics and supervision. (Publisher abstract)
Supervision under the microscope: critical conversations in a learning community
- Authors:
- DAVYS Allyson, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Practice: Social Work in Action, 31(5), 2019, pp.359-374.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Development and maintenance of professional competencies are essential for practitioners across all disciplines within the helping professions to ensure safe, accountable and ethical practice. This includes the practice of supervision which is considered as a set of competencies in its own right. For many supervisors, however, there is a struggle to find the opportunity for in-depth critical reflection and review of their supervision for the purpose of continuous professional development. This paper describes a learning community for supervision where, through a process of collaborative enquiry, four experienced supervisors, in Aotearoa New Zealand, from diverse professional and practice backgrounds critically reflected on audio-recordings of their supervision of practitioners. From this focus on direct practice, the group members created a model for critique and feedback which is centred on a ‘thinking aloud’ process. Key themes, which included supervisor authenticity and presence, encouraging reflection, participation and uncovering assumptions and the benefits of the thinking aloud process were identified and explored. Rarely is the practice of supervision scrutinised in a group setting for the purpose of learning and development. Placing supervision practice ‘under the microscope’ allows for creative opportunities and the promotion of different models of supervision development. (Publisher abstract)
What does supervision help with? A survey of 315 social workers in the UK
- Authors:
- WILKINS David, ANTONOPOULOU Vivi
- Journal article citation:
- Practice: Social Work in Action, 31(1), 2019, pp.21-40.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
What does social work supervision help with? There are many different models of supervision and an increasing amount of research. Much of this is concerned with the content of supervision and how supervisors (and supervisees) should behave — and these are important concerns. But even more important is the question of who or what supervision helps with. Supervision is widely considered to have many different functions but in the context of UK local authority social work, must ultimately prove itself as a method for helping people who use services. This article reports on a survey of 315 social workers from UK local authorities. Most reported that supervision helps primarily with management oversight and accountability. However, the small number of practitioners who received regular group supervision and those who received supervision more frequently said it helped with a much broader range of things. (Edited publisher abstract)
Pathways to social work supervision
- Authors:
- SCHMIDT Glen, KARIUKI Anthony
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 29(3), 2019, pp.321-332.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
Social work research and literature in the area of supervision tends to focus on the supervision of field education students. Less attention is given to the supervision of social work practitioners and there is almost no information that examines how social workers become supervisors. This exploratory study interviewed 27 practicing social work supervisors across different fields of social work practice in Western Canada. The participants included 15 supervisors with a graduate degree and 12 supervisors with an undergraduate degree. The supervisors completed a brief questionnaire that was followed by a structured interview. Supervisors were asked how they came to be social work supervisors. Thematic analysis of the supervisors’ responses revealed three pathways to supervision: task exposure, supervision by happen chance, and deliberate decision. The responses suggested that additional focus on supervision might be included in undergraduate education and that universities, professional associations, and employers pay more attention to succession planning. (Edited publisher abstract)
Black women talk about stereotypical transference enactments in cross-cultural supervision
- Author:
- HALL J. Camille
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 28(8), 2018, pp.1019-1032.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
Little is known about cross-cultural supervision dynamics between Black, female supervisors who provide clinical supervision of White supervisees. This study examined transference enactments which occurred between Black, female clinical supervisors (N = 57) and White supervisees. The results show that White supervisees’ racist and sexist behaviours towards the Black, female supervisors demonstrated remnants of stereotypical images historically attributed to Black women (i.e., Mammy, Jezebel, and/or Sapphire). Moreover, the findings highlight the need to initiate multicultural awareness, knowledge, and skills to enhance clinical skills. The paper concludes with recommendations for cross-cultural supervisory dyads and implications for future research. (Edited publisher abstract)