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A process-focused case series of a school-based intervention aimed at giving young people choice and control over their attendance and their goals in therapy
- Authors:
- CHURCHMAN Anamaria, MANSELL Warren
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 49(4), 2021, pp.565-586.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
This study investigated clinical and process factors involved in a client-led psychological intervention (Method of Levels therapy – MOL). MOL offered 16 adolescents choice and control over attendance (by using a self-booking system) and topics discussed in sessions. Process measures examining empowerment and ability to resolve psychological conflict were used to explore the impact MOL might have on these. Young people booked a wide-ranging number of sessions at differing intervals and set goals related to their emotional or mental wellbeing. On completion, the majority of adolescents displayed an increase in scores for empowerment and ability to resolve psychological conflict and overall distress levels decreased. Benefits were sustained two months after completion of the study. (Edited publisher abstract)
Do positive reappraisals moderate the association between childhood emotional abuse and adult mental health?
- Author:
- JUNG Jong Hyun
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Mental Health, 30(3), 2021, pp.341-348.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- London
Background: It is well-established that childhood emotional abuse is associated with poor mental health in adulthood. Yet, less is known about the ways that this association is contingent upon psychological resources. Aims: The purpose of this study is to examine whether positive reappraisals moderate the association between childhood emotional abuse and adult mental health. Methods: This study employs regression analyses using nationally representative, cross-sectional data from the 1995–1996 National Survey of Midlife Development in the United States (N = 3,034). Results: The analysis shows that childhood emotional abuse is positively associated with negative affect whereas it is negatively associated with positive affect in adulthood. Yet, positive reappraisals reduce the positive association between childhood emotional abuse and negative affect. Similarly, positive reappraisals weaken the negative association between childhood emotional abuse and positive affect. Conclusions: These observations indicate that positive reappraisals act as a countervailing mechanism that buffers the deleterious association of childhood emotional abuse with adult mental health. (Edited publisher abstract)
Six attachment discourses: convergence, divergence and relay
- Authors:
- DUSCHINSKY Robbie, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Attachment and Human Development, 23(4), 2021, pp.355-374.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Attachment concepts are used in diverging ways, which has caused confusion in communication among researchers, among practitioners, and between researchers and practitioners, and hinders their potential for collaboration. In this essay we explore how attachment concepts may vary in meaning across six different domains: popular discourses, developmental science, social psychological science, psychiatric diagnosis, psychotherapy, and child welfare practice. We attempt to typify these forms of attachment discourse by highlighting points of convergence, divergence, and relay between the different domains. Our general conclusions are that diversity in the use of attachment concepts across different domains of application has been largely unrecognised, and that recognition of these differences would reduce confusion, help identify sites where infrastructure needs to be developed to support coordination, and strengthen opportunities for collaboration to mutual benefit. We suggest that academic attachment discourse would benefit from clarification of core terminology, including: “attachment”, “internal working model”, “trauma”, and “dysregulation”. (Edited publisher abstract)
Experiential sociometry in group work: mutual aid for the group-as-a-whole
- Author:
- GIACOMUCCI Scott
- Journal article citation:
- Social Work with Groups, 44(3), 2021, pp.204-214.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
Social work with groups is built upon the foundational principle of mutual aid. The group accesses its capacity to support, educate, and heal itself through the mutual aid process. The sociometric work of Jacob L. Moreno, an often-ignored pioneer of group therapy and founder of psychodrama, provides social workers with experiential group tools to facilitate mutual aid through conscious group-as-a-whole action. Sociometry tools will be highlighted for their unique group-as-a-whole approach to accessing mutual aid, group cohesion, and safety for traumatized groups. These interactive group tools will be presented primarily as psychotherapy tools, nevertheless, attention will also be given to their utility in educational groups, supervision groups, and communities. Moreno’s philosophical concept of the Autonomous Healing Center will be presented as it relates to group work, mutual aid, and the therapeutic agency of each group member. (Edited publisher abstract)
Helpful aspects of counselling for young people who have experienced bullying: a thematic analysis
- Authors:
- VERASAMMY Krystal-Jane, COOPER Mick
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 49(3), 2021, pp.468-479.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Research suggests that bullying is one of the most common presenting issues for young people accessing counselling. In this study, we explored helpful aspects of counselling for young people who have experienced bullying. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 participants and analysed using thematic analysis. Participants identified five helpful counsellor activities: (a) counsellors’ way of relating, (b) creating safety, (c) incorporating creative media, (d) teaching strategies, and (e) offering advice. They also identified four helpful client activities: (f) trusting, (g) talking, (h) expressing emotions, and (i) remembering and applying techniques. Findings suggest that a range of techniques and practices, aligned to different therapeutic orientations, can be of value to these young people. This supports a pluralistic perspective on therapeutic change. (Edited publisher abstract)
Expectations and experiences of psychological therapy from the client perspective: a qualitative study
- Authors:
- BROOKS Joanna, et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 49(3), 2021, pp.371-381.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
This article examines how client expectations about psychological therapy compare with subjective experiences of undertaking therapy. We interviewed 10 clients who had recently completed therapy about their expectations and experiences, and thematically analysed data in the template style. Three themes are presented ([1]”I didn't know what I was capable of”; [2] “It's 50% me, 50% her”; [3] “You take your stabilisers off and off you go”) which describe the experience of psychological therapy from the client perspective, and highlight how expectations compared to experiences of therapy, and changed over time. Findings could inform the development of materials to ensure those referred to therapy are well informed and prepared for therapy, potentially promoting improved client experiences and therapy engagement. (Edited publisher abstract)
Counsellors' experiences of ethical conflicts working in IAPT
- Authors:
- PROCTOR Gillian, et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 49(3), 2021, pp.396-413.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
This qualitative study of 15 relational counsellors explores the experiences and ethical quandaries of counsellors working within an IAPT service. The data was analysed using the Voice Relational Method [Brown, L. M. & Gilligan, C. (1993). Meeting at the crossroads: Women's psychology and girls' development. Feminism & Psychology, 3(1), 11--35]. Three main themes were identified: client experience, counsellor experience and relationships. Findings indicate that the therapeutic relationship with clients is crucial, but there is often a disparity between working as a relational counsellor and the expectations and demands of working within IAPT; a pressure on doing and achieving goals rather than a focus on the therapy relationship. Supportive managers were essential to enable counsellors to balance IAPT expectations with ethical and therapeutic relationships with clients. This research also questions the ethical basis of the IAPT system. (Edited publisher abstract)
A schema therapy based milieu in secure residential youth care: effects on aggression, group climate, repressive staff interventions, and team functioning
- Authors:
- WIJK-HERBRINK Marjolein Francisca van, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Residential Treatment for Children and Youth, 38(3), 2021, pp.289-306.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
Group care workers of residential youth care settings face the challenge of creating a warm and involved treatment climate against the demands and restrictions of the treatment setting. We tested the effects of SafePath, a milieu-based intervention based on Schema Therapy principles, during the first year of implementation on two secure residential treatment units compared to two control units. Staff’s daily reports on 139 individual patients were coded on use of schema mode language (implementation check), occurrences of aggression (primary outcome) and repressive staff interventions. In addition, repeated questionnaires were filled out by patients (n = 87) on group climate and by staff (n = 50) on team functioning. Compared to the control units, SafePath units showed higher improvements in group climate and repressive interventions. Both SafePath and control units showed decreased aggression over time. Team functioning was consistently better in the SafePath units compared to the care-as-usual units from baseline through 12 months. In conclusion, a Schema Therapy based milieu as implemented with SafePath may contribute to a warm and supportive group climate with less repressive interventions in secure residential youth care. (Edited publisher abstract)
Coaching MSW students on Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT) using Simulation-Based Learning (SBL): developing competencies in clinical social work practice
- Authors:
- LEE Eunjung, BOWLES Kathryn, KOURGIANTAKIS Toula
- Journal article citation:
- Smith College Studies in Social Work, 91(2), 2021, pp.142-163.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
In training clinical social workers, it is critical for students to practice implementing their skills and knowledge about treatment approaches while being closely coached by instructors. This paper illustrates how this type of learning was accomplished in an MSW course through simulation-based learning in a flipped classroom. Using Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT), one of the core modalities of clinical social work practice, we illustrate how we created the course for students to practice core IPT skills – Intervention Inventory and Communication Analysis. (Edited publisher abstract)
Non-pharmacological interventions for older adults with depressive symptoms: a network meta-analysis of 35 randomized controlled trials
- Authors:
- CHEN Ya-Ling, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Aging and Mental Health, 25(5), 2021, pp.773-786.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Objective: To assess the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions for seniors with depressive symptoms. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was performed. We conducted network meta-analysis in two ways, intervention classes (psychosocial, psychotherapy, physical activity, combined, treatment as usual) and individual intervention (11 categories). Whenever included studies used different scales, the different instruments were converted to the units of the scale most frequently used (the Geriatric Depression Scale), such that the effect size was reported as a mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence interval (CI). The risk of bias of RCTs included in this review was assessed according to the Cochrane Handbook. Bayesian NMA was conducted using R-3.4.0 software. Results: A total of 35 RCTs with 3,797 enrolled patients were included. Compared to conventional treatment, physical activity and psychotherapy resulted in significant improvements in depressive symptoms (MD: 2.25, 95%CrI: 0.99–3.56; SUCRA = 86.07%; MD: 1.75, 95% CrI: 0.90–2.64; SUCRA = 66.44%, respectively). Similar results were obtained for music (MD: 2.6; 95% CrI: 0.84–4.35;SUCRA = 80.53%), life review (MD:1.92; 95% CrI:0.71–3.14; SUCRA = 65.62%), cognitive behavioral therapy (MD: 1.27; 95% CrI: 0.23–2.38; SUCRA = 45.4%), aerobic (MD: 1.84; 95% CrI: 0.39-3.36; SUCRA = 63%) and resistance training (MD: 1.72; 95% CrI: 0.06-3.42; SUCRA = 59.24%). Network meta-regression showed that there were no statistically significant subgroup effects. Conclusions: Physical activity and psychotherapy demonstrated statistically significant superiority over conventional treatment. Music and life review therapy proved the most promising individual interventions. However, conclusions are limited by the lack of sufficient sample size and consensus regarding intervention categories and so an adequately powered study is necessary to consolidate these findings. (Edited publisher abstract)