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Austerity and governance: coordinating policing and mental health policy in the UK
- Authors:
- SOLAR Carlos, SMITH Martin
- Journal article citation:
- Policy Studies, 43(2), 2022, pp.352-369.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
Notions of network and polycentric governance highlight the possibility of innovation and adaptability in service delivery. At the same time, it has been argued that austerity and financial restrictions create intense pressures for public sector reform as public sector organizations look to new ways to deliver services. Hence the argument from governments in advanced democracies was that austerity would drive innovation. This article argues, through an analysis of the issue of policing and mental health in the UK, that network governance and polycentrism can be a significant constraint on reform when policy is delivered through multiple overlapping agencies, but with a lack of overarching authority. In the case of policing and mental health, introducing new governance arrangements is complex, much more so in a context of austerity. Resistance within organizations can oppose to novel forms of governance, and the new demands created by expenditure cuts further stress service delivery. (Edited publisher abstract)
"Resilience" as a policy keyword: Arts Council England and austerity
- Authors:
- GUPTA Suman, GUPTA Ayan-Yue
- Journal article citation:
- Policy Studies, 43(2), 2022, pp.279-295.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
This article examines how "resilience" appeared and became embedded as a keyword in Arts Council England's (ACE) policy discourse from 2010, initially in response to the financial crisis in Britain and the government's call for austerity. The general dynamic of what we call policy keywords here is thereby exemplified, while throwing light on Arts policy making at a specific historical juncture in Britain. Some of the features of such policy keywords are considered here: in terms of connotative ambiguities and associations, definitions, and naming or branding practices. Their distinctive purchase in ACE's "resilience" policies is analysed in the process. The policies were designed to reduce public spending by appealing to normative agendas which, in this instance, seemed contingent on a larger and immediate impetus and were derived from the field of "ecological economics". (Edited publisher abstract)
Building policy practice into foundation field placement: experiences and outcomes
- Authors:
- COLLINS Mary Elizabeth, DIXON Zita, ZIMMERMAN Trudy
- Journal article citation:
- Social Work Education (The International Journal), 41(1), 2022, pp.105-118.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
Effective engagement in policy practice is a critical component in achieving social justice. Field education settings provide important opportunities for students to learn policy practice skills. This paper describes an initiative aimed at building policy competencies for all foundation students in field education by targeting supports for field instructors to provide guidance to students. Evaluation of the project used three sources of secondary data: (1) student competency ratings by field instructors, (2) student reports of their projects, and (3) review of student products completed as a result of the initiative. Quantitative data indicate that thus far there has been little overall effect on student competency in policy practice. Bivariate analysis found an association between highly rated student projects and higher competency rating. Qualitative descriptions of project activities and students’ assessments of them provide some indications of progress toward competency, facilitators and barriers of policy learning, and additional considerations for furthering the project aims over the long term. (Edited publisher abstract)
Children prenatally exposed to alcohol and other drugs: what the literature tells us about child welfare information sources, policies, and practices to identify and care for children
- Authors:
- RICHARDS Tammy, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Public Child Welfare, 16(1), 2022, pp.71-94.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
Many parents who interact with the child welfare system present with substance use issues, which means their children are at risk for prenatal exposure to alcohol and other drugs. Because child welfare agencies play an important role in identifying and providing services to mitigate negative impacts of prenatal exposures, we conducted a search for literature addressing child welfare information sources, policies, and practices related to this population. The search yielded 16 research/evaluation and 16 policy/practice papers, with most addressing exposures to both alcohol and other drugs. The literature most commonly reports that children identified as exposed are referred to child protection agencies during the newborn period. This practice may lead to underidentification, especially of children with prenatal exposure to alcohol. Research suggests that this population is at risk for poorer child welfare outcomes and that there are specific service needs for these children. This review indicates that there is an overall lack of research literature regarding identification of prenatally exposed children involved in the child welfare system that could best inform child welfare policies and practices. Studies investigating how the child welfare system identifies and cares for children with prenatal exposures are needed. (Edited publisher abstract)
Volunteering in the bath? The rise of microvolunteering and implications for policy
- Authors:
- HELEY Jesse, YARKER Sophie, JONES LAURA
- Journal article citation:
- Policy Studies, 43(1), 2022, pp.76-89.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
This paper addresses the emergence of microvolunteering as a conceptual and practical phenomenon, as well as one which policy makers must engage with in a careful and critical fashion. Taking a lead from Smith et al. [2010. “Enlivened Geographies of Volunteering: Situated, Embodied and Emotional Practices of Voluntary Action.” Scottish Geographical Journal 126: 258–274] who specify a need to extend the analyses beyond the formal organizational spaces of volunteering, this paper considers the potential impact of micro-volunteering on changing patterns of civic participation over the next decade or two. With particular reference to policy ambitions and transformations in the UK, but with reference to broader international trends also, the researchers set out how microvolunteering is being variously defined and appropriated as a means of addressing structural barriers to “traditional” volunteering. Drawing on a range of practical examples this paper considers how microvolunteering potentially alters the relationship between volunteering, community and identity, as well as relates to the parallel notion of “slacktivism”. Set against both positive and negative accounts of microvolunteering within the broader media, this paper advocates caution to policy makers looking to implement such activities, and particularly in respect to what microvolunteering can realistically achieve. (Edited publisher abstract)
Analysis of the written policies of the 32 U.S. archdioceses on the prevention of child sexual abuse
- Authors:
- DALLAM Stephanie J., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 30(8), 2021, pp.891-910.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
The Catholic Church in the U.S. has been under concerted public pressure to improve its child protection policies. However, development of these policies has largely been left to the discretion of local dioceses with little central oversight. To determine the scope of current abuse prevention policies, this study analyzed all 32 U.S. archdioceses’ policies and practices for developing a safe environment and preventing child sexual abuse. Using a tool developed from a list of unique components selected from the policies of all 32 archdioceses, the researchers compared policies and procedures across archdioceses. On a group level, this study found policies to be inadequate. The average score for archdioceses in the general area of prevention was 40.7 (SD = 9.3) out of 102 possible points (40% of possible points) with few prevention policies conforming to basic best practices that would be expected of a youth-serving organization. The variation and inconsistencies across archdioceses reveal the need for the Catholic Church to establish more uniform standards for preventing sexual abuse. These standards should be grounded in evidence-based practices and expert guidance. This paper also discusses some key areas which warrant immediate attention in future policy-making. (Edited publisher abstract)
Pensioned off? Evaluating the UK's National Insurance scheme
- Author:
- BODEN Rebecca
- Journal article citation:
- Public Money and Management, 41(8), 2021, pp.646-655.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
Policy-makers frequently neglect the ways in which social policies are funded through taxation. This relationship is of critical importance because misalignment can cause social policy failure and tax injustice. This is evident with National Insurance (NI): a tax used primarily to fund the UK’s state pension entitlement. This paper explains how NI is failing women and poorer people, prompting questions of why such a poorly designed, unfair and ineffective tax has persisted for so long in the UK. The paper proposes a radical solution: the payment of a universal basic pension and the abolition of NI, with consequential adjustments in income and corporation taxes to compensate for revenue losses.
Survey of the written child protection policies of the 32 U.S. Archdioceses
- Authors:
- DALLAM Stephanie J., HAMILTON Marci A., GLOCKER Sabine
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 30(7), 2021, pp.869-889.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
Amid considerable public scrutiny, Roman Catholic institutions in the United States have been called upon to address underlying organizational conditions that may facilitate child sex abuse and establish effective policies for early intervention and prevention. The development of child protection policies has largely been left to the discretion of local dioceses with little in the way of central oversight. This study examined the 32 U.S. archdioceses’ written policies on child protection and maintaining a safe environment. We found 14 distinct policies spread across the archdioceses which fit into four general categories or domains: (1) Prevention of Child Sexual Abuse; (2) Detection and Reporting of Abuse; (3) Response to Victims; and (4) Investigational Process and Response to Allegations of Abuse. Using a tool developed from a list of unique components selected from the better policies of all 32 archdioceses, we compared policies across archdioceses. On a group level, we found current policies to be inadequate. The average score for all 32 archdioceses was 100.9 out of 250 possible points or 40%. The range was 61 to 137 (SD 20.4). The variation and inconsistencies across multiple archdioceses within the U.S. reveal the need for the Catholic Church to establish evidence-based standards on appropriately and effectively addressing child sexual abuse within its dioceses. These standards should be based on empirically supported best practices and emerging consensus of experts on better practices for youth-serving organizations in relation to child abuse. This article points to parameters for consideration in developing such standards. (Edited publisher abstract)
Policy values related to support for care leavers with disabilities
- Authors:
- BENNWIK Ingri-Hanne Braenne, OTERHOLM Inger
- Journal article citation:
- European Journal of Social Work, 24(5), 2021, pp.884-895.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
This study explores values that underpin Norwegian policies aimed at supporting care leavers with disabilities in their transition to adulthood. Articulation of these values can sharpen our awareness of value conflict within policy and provide understanding of the complex considerations that are involved in both policy and aftercare practice. We have conducted a document analysis of government white papers within the fields of child welfare and disability services in Norway. A total of eight white papers from the time period 1998–2018 were included in our data, whereof four addressed disability services and four child welfare. The documents were analysed using summative qualitative content analysis, which involves counting and making comparisons, usually of keywords, but also includes interpretations of the context. Through our study, we found that care leavers with disabilities are not identified as a target group in either child welfare policy or disability policy. We also found that the two categories of white papers construct different concepts of support and different images of their target groups. The study furthermore resulted in findings of two conflicting values within policy, which we have labelled independent adulthood and inclusive citizenship. The impact of these findings on aftercare practices are discussed. (Edited publisher abstract)
Loneliness during the COVID-19 pandemic
- Author:
- DAHLBERG Lena
- Journal article citation:
- Aging and Mental Health, 25(7), 2021, pp.1161-1164.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in terms of physical distancing risk collateral damage such as increased loneliness. Older adults have been identified as being at higher risk of poor outcomes if infected and in many countries have been subjected to greater restrictions on physical contacts with others. Most research so far points towards an increase in loneliness during the pandemic. However, there has been a lack of prospective studies based on representative samples of older adults, with the oldest old, older adults with low or no Internet usage, and those in poor health currently underrepresented. Despite the significance of cultural norms for individuals’ standards for social relations and, thus, the experience of loneliness, there has been a lack of comparative research on loneliness in older adults during the pandemic. Reviews have found little evidence for what interventions and what elements of interventions are effective in reducing loneliness. There is potential for social relations to be maintained via technology-based solutions, although there is a risk of excluding older adults with limited resources who are both least likely to use technology and most vulnerable to loneliness. Furthermore, remote social contacts cannot fully compensate for the loss of physical contacts. Where stay-at-home orders are not imposed, supporting neighbourliness and the community use of accessible open spaces are other options. Finally, policy responses to the pandemic need to be more nuanced and non-ageist in order to avoid unnecessary increases in loneliness in older adults. (Edited publisher abstract)