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Religion, spirituality, and posttraumatic growth: a systematic review
- Authors:
- SHAW Annick, JOSEPH Stephen, LINLEY P. Alex
- Journal article citation:
- Mental Health Religion and Culture, 8(1), March 2005, pp.1-11.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
A search of the published literature identified 11 empirical studies that reported links between religion, spirituality, and posttraumatic growth. A review of these 11 studies produced three main findings. First, these studies show that religion and spirituality are usually, although not always, beneficial to people in dealing with the aftermath of trauma. Second, that traumatic experiences can lead to a deepening of religion or spirituality. Third, that positive religious coping, religious openness, readiness to face existential questions, religious participation, and intrinsic religiousness are typically associated with posttraumatic growth. Important directions for future research are suggested that centre on the need for more fine-grained analysis of religion and spirituality variables, together with longitudinal research designs, that allow more detailed exploration of the links between religion, spirituality, and posttraumatic growth.
Student mental health: how can psychiatrists better support the work of university medical centres and university counselling services?
- Authors:
- WALLER Rob, et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 33(1), February 2005, pp.117-128.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Student psychiatric morbidity is rising. Whilst the influence of university counselling services is widely reported, NHS involvement by psychiatrists and general practitioners is not so well described. Counselling and mental health service providers for students at the University of Leeds were approached for numerical data and a university Group on Student Mental Health discussed the findings. The Student Counselling Centre, the University Medical Practice and a dedicated student psychiatric clinic have all seen a rise in referral rates. The University Medical Practice has also seen a rise in the prescribing of psychoactive medication. Collaborative links at the University of Leeds are explored and options for the future discussed. These include self-help over the internet, a research project to assess student mental health needs and the provision of a dedicated NHS psychiatric team for the university.
Avoiding repetitions reduces ADHD children's management problems in the classroom
- Author:
- KAPALKA George M.
- Journal article citation:
- Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties, 10(4), December 2005, pp.269-279.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Students with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often exhibit non-compliance that presents a significant management problem for classroom teachers. Student behaviour management training programs suggest that reducing repetitions of commands improves student compliance. To examine this claim, 86 teachers of ADHD students between the ages of 5 and 10 were randomized into treatment and control groups. Barkley's procedure for reducing repetitions was administered in the treatment group. Repeated-measures ANOVA revealed that children in the treatment group exhibited a significant reduction in non-compliance, while children in the control group did not. These results suggest that Barkley's technique is effective and should be recommended to teachers of ADHD children.
Factors influencing African American adoptive parents' attitudes toward open adoption
- Author:
- SMITH-McKEEVER Chedgzsey
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Diversity in Social Work, 14(3/4), 2005, pp.63-79.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
This study explores the attitudes toward open adoption among 83 African American families adopting children through two private California agencies. Independent t-tests compared families who would and would not consider some level of open adoption. Findings reveal that the majority of families were quite hesitant about open adoptions, based primarily on the fear that birth parents would want the child back. Those with attitudes that are more positive were more likely to be in two-parent families and to have had personal experience with informal adoption. (Copies of this article are available from: Haworth Document Delivery Centre, Haworth Press Inc., 10 Alice Street, Binghamton, NY 13904-1580).
The journey toward intercultural sensitivity: a non-linear process
- Authors:
- BOURJOLLY Joretha N., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Diversity in Social Work, 14(3/4), 2005, pp.41-62.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
This paper reports on the use of Milton Bennett's Developmental Model of Intercultural Sensitivity (DMIS) to analyze logs that were submitted by mental health service providers who participated in an intensive training program on intercultural competency. Program participants wrote eight monthly reflective logs about cultural experiences that occurred between training sessions. The categories of intercultural sensitivity described in the DMIS were used as the basis for coding log entries. The findings over the 10-month training period show that the development of intercultural sensitivity is, for the most part, a non-linear process in which one makes intermittent reversions to earlier levels and moves forward in spurts. After offering examples of non-linear and linear patterns in the logs, the paper discusses possible explanations for the findings and the challenges of coding according to the Bennett Model. Implications for intercultural competency education and training programs and their evaluation are proposed. (Copies of this article are available from: Haworth Document Delivery Centre, Haworth Press Inc., 10 Alice Street, Binghamton, NY 13904-1580).
White mothers negotiating race and ethnicity in the mothering of biracial, black-white adolescents
- Author:
- O'DONOGHUE Margaret
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Diversity in Social Work, 14(3/4), 2005, pp.125-156.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
Eleven White mothers of biracial, Black/White adolescents were interviewed in a qualitative study to determine whether and how these mothers socialize their children to issues of race and ethnicity. The majority of the women were raising their children with a focus exclusively on an African American culture and not including elements of an ethnicity germane to the mother. Their children identified as biracial privately and Black publicly. The specific strategies utilized by the women to foster ecological competence are discussed. (Copies of this article are available from: Haworth Document Delivery Centre, Haworth Press Inc., 10 Alice Street, Binghamton, NY 13904-1580).
Economic resources and women abuse: differences and similarities among African American
- Author:
- CHIRSTY-McMULLIN Kameri
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Diversity in Social Work, 14(3/4), 2005, pp.103-123.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
Secondary data analyses of the 1999 National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) were conducted to examine relationships between economic resources and woman abuse among sub samples of African American, Hispanic and White women. Logistic analyses indicated that associations vary, not only along racial and ethnic lines, but also by type of woman abuse. None of the economic resources were associated with woman abuse for the Hispanic women. Employment status and education attainment were the strongest predictors of abuse among the African American and White women. Adding marital status and age into the models had significant impact on the previous associations. (Copies of this article are available from: Haworth Document Delivery Centre, Haworth Press Inc., 10 Alice Street, Binghamton, NY 13904-1580).
Self-esteem among Vietnamese American adolescents: the role of self-construal, family cohesion, and social support
- Author:
- LAM Brian Trung
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Diversity in Social Work, 14(3/4), 2005, pp.21-40.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
This prospective study examined whether interdependent self-construal (collectivism), independent self-construal (individualism), family cohesion, and social support would predict levels of self-esteem among Vietnamese American adolescents. Standardized self-report measures of family cohesion, social support, and self-esteem, as well as a measure of self-construal, were administered to 152 Vietnamese American adolescents. The results indicated that independent self-construal, family cohesion, and social support were significantly related to self-esteem. Interdependent self-construal was also found to positively affect self-esteem via family cohesion and social support. The implications of these findings are discussed. (Copies of this article are available from: Haworth Document Delivery Centre, Haworth Press Inc., 10 Alice Street, Binghamton, NY 13904-1580).
Studying resilience across cultures
- Authors:
- UNGAR Michael, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Diversity in Social Work, 14(3/4), 2005, pp.1-19.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
This paper details the challenges researchers with the International Resilience Project encountered investigating resilience across cultures and contexts. The paper recounts the experiences of the global team who came together to develop a culturally embedded methodology to study resilience in fourteen communities on five continents. The team sought to better understand the phenomenon of resilience and in that process to examine critically the “nuts and bolts” of how to conduct cross-cultural social research. Specifically, the incongruity between Western research paradigms and indigenous forms of knowledge generation created three unique challenges: adapting research methods to different cultures, ensuring construct validity across sites, and resolving epistemological and methodological tensions. (Copies of this article are available from: Haworth Document Delivery Centre, Haworth Press Inc., 10 Alice Street, Binghamton, NY 13904-1580).
Depression and mental-health service utilization among women in WIC
- Author:
- KURZ Brenda
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Diversity in Social Work, 14(3/4), 2005, pp.81-102.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
This exploratory 2003 study of 261 women in the Women, Infants and Children Programme (WIC) addresses depression and mental-health service utilization in six race/ethnic immigrant/migrant groups and factors amenable to change. The WIC is a federal nutrition assistance programme. Using the PrimeMD-PHQ, island-born Puerto Rican women had the highest prevalence of subthreshold depressive syndrome (27.8%); African American women had the highest prevalence of major depressive syndrome (21.3%); proportionately more White women used mental-health services (41.9%). The odds for major depressive syndrome among those with no one to help with childcare were almost four times greater than those with help. The odds of mental-health service use among those with indirect exposure to mental-health care were four times greater than those without such exposure. Implications for intervention and further research are discussed. (Copies of this article are available from: Haworth Document Delivery Centre, Haworth Press Inc., 10 Alice Street, Binghamton, NY 13904-1580).