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Social work for critical peace: a comparative approach to understanding social work and political conflict
- Authors:
- CAMPBELL Jim, IOAKIMIDIS Vasilios, MAGLAJLIC Reima Ana
- Journal article citation:
- European Journal of Social Work, 22(6), 2019, pp.1073-1084.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
This paper uses a case study approach to explore issues of social work policy and practice in three sites of political conflict in Europe: Northern Ireland; Bosnia and Herzegovina; and Cyprus. It begins with a review of the international literature on social work and political conflict and then discusses the strengths and limitations in engaging with comparative case study approaches. The authors explain how they view the writing of the paper as an intellectual encounter that helped establish the beginning stages of their comparative analysis. This starts with an analysis of the existing knowledge base about the three case studies that each share similar patterns of colonial histories, political and community conflict and the social work response. The second part of the paper extends this analysis to a critique of the impact of neo-liberal social and economic policies that often adversely impact upon the role of social workers in resolving conflict and building peace. The paper concludes with an appeal for social work to rediscover its rights-based role in working with victims and survivors of political conflict, what the authors describe as: ‘social work for critical peace’. (Edited publisher abstract)
Formative research to optimize respondent-driven sampling surveys among hard-to-reach populations in HIV behavioral and biological surveillance: lessons learned from four case studies
- Authors:
- GRAZINA Lisa, et al
- Journal article citation:
- AIDS Care, 22(6), June 2010, pp.784-792.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
A widely accepted and adopted method to assess HIV and other sexually transmitted infection prevalence and risk factors among hard-to-reach populations is respondent-driven sampling (RDS). However, failures to properly implement RDS in several settings could potentially have been avoided, had formative research been first conducted, yet, to date, there is no published literature addressing the use of formative research in preparing for RDS studies. This paper used examples from Bosnia and Herzegovina, Thailand, Montenegro, and St Vincent and Grenadines, among populations of men who have sex with men, female sex workers, and injecting drug users to describe how formative research was used to plan, implement, and predict outcomes of RDS surveys and to provide a template of RDS-specific questions for conducting formative research in preparation for RDS surveys. The article outlines case studies to demonstrate how formative research may help researchers to determine whether RDS methodology is appropriate for a particular population and sociocultural context, and to decide on implementation details that lead to successful study outcomes.
Participatory action research with youth in Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Authors:
- MAGAJLIE Reima A, TIFFANY Jennifer
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Community Practice, 14(1/2), 2006, pp.163-181.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philapelphia, USA
This article describes a UNICEF-initiated participatory action research project called Right to Know (RTK) involving 75 young people in three towns, which focused on the exploration of local understandings, needs and actions in relation to HIV/AIDS. Prior to the RTK project, all initiatives in the HIV/AIDS field had been designed and carried out by adults, with only tokenistic involvement of adolescents in pre-defined activities. RTK, in contrast, was led and conducted by young people themselves, with some adult advice. Their chosen research questions, research methods, findings and recommendations are summarised, and follow-up after the end of the project is discussed. Although progress on the recommendations has been made, this has been initiated and conducted largely by adults, with little direct involvement by RTK researchers. The implications of this finding are discussed. (Copies of this article are available from: Haworth Document Delivery Centre, Haworth Press Inc., 10 Alice Street, Binghamton, NY 13904-1580).
Wartime faith-based reactions among traumatized Kosovar and Bosnian refugees in the United States
- Authors:
- AI Amy L., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Mental Health Religion and Culture, 8(4), December 2005, pp.291-308.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
In William James' view, one function of prayer is a faith-based, conscious approach to a higher power when in distress. Accordingly, this study investigates the use of private prayer among Muslim war refugees from Kosovo and Bosnia. Results show that these refugees were highly traumatized and most counted on private prayer for coping with their wartime difficulties. Four major types of prayer familiar to Americans were employed by roughly two-thirds to 86% of this sample. As expected, most types of prayer were associated with both wartime traumatic distress and greater religiousness. Also, 77% used prayer so that their enemies would “pay for what they have done.” However, this type of prayer was predicted only by higher levels of education and not by religiousness or traumatization. The need for examining the general and specific social contexts of prayer, such as war and terror, and prayer itself, perceived as a common human experience, are discussed. A structural equation model indicated that war-related trauma was associated directly only with negative religious coping but indirectly with positive coping, mediated by levels of emotional distress. Religiousness was related directly only to positive coping. These findings are discussed with respect to their theoretical and clinical implications.
Mainstreaming community based rehabilitation in primary health care in Bosnia Herzegovina
- Author:
- EDMONDS Lorna Jean
- Journal article citation:
- Disability and Society, 20(3), May 2005, pp.293-309.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
There are over 600 million disabled people and over 20% of the world population is impacted by disability. However, the strategies for including disabled people in the process of reform of developing countries have been rarely considered. The paucity of research is striking. Mainstreaming Community Based Rehabilitation (CBR) in Bosnia-Herzegovina is one example where the needs of disabled people were a development priority and research was conducted to evaluate this experience. The research demonstrated that unlike the pre-war environment, disabled people are increasingly active members of the community. The significance is that the needs of disabled people were ‘targeted’ and CBR was ‘mainstreamed’ in the primary health care system creating opportunities for sustained development. CBR is contributing to the citizenship of disabled people. This partnership project set the stage for the continued development of disability policies. These are important lessons.
Right to know, UNICEF BiH - Developing a communication strategy for the prevention of HIV/AIDS among young people through participatory action research
- Authors:
- MAGLAJLIC Reima, RTK PAR UNICEF BiH Team
- Journal article citation:
- Child Care in Practice, 10(2), April 2004, pp.127-139.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Describes the process and the findings of a Participatory Action Research (PAR) conducted with young people in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) in 2003, with an aim to develop a communication strategy for the prevention of HIV/AIDS in BiH. The study was initiated and funded as part of a global UNICEF initiative bearing the same name and aims. The process included the development of three youth research teams in three towns in BiH - Sarajevo, Tuzla and Banja Luka, that worked with their peers in their communities with a support from a Head Researcher with PAR experience. The young people developed a prevention strategy that includes peer education in elementary and high schools and co-operation with the media.
Testimony work with Bosnian refugees: living in legal limbo
- Author:
- LUEBBEN Sabine
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 31(4), November 2003, pp.393-416.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Mental health professionals working with refugees are often confronted with traumatised survivors who are living in legal limbo. Complicated asylum procedures or provisions of only 'temporary' protection trigger existential fears, reexperiencing of trauma and feelings of hopelessness and deep despair and can actively contribute to further destabilise survivors. Mental health centres have to reconceptualise their provided services for these clients. The paper introduces a testimony project for traumatised Bosnian refugees in Frankfurt, Germany, who were living in legal limbo for many years. The testimony method was used in combination with supportive therapy and informed advocacy to try to reduce the survivors' feelings of humiliation and demoralisation which for them were at the centre of their survival. By giving testimony, survivors benefited psychologically and became better able to cope with the difficult present. Feelings of self-worth and dignity could be regained and a trusting relationship between the survivor and the listener facilitated the therapeutic process. The testimony material documented human rights abuses both in the country of origin and in exile, helped us to perform informed advocacy for this group and informed a larger public on the psychological costs of refugee resettlement policies.
The impact of political violence: adaption and identity development in Bosnian adolescent refugees
- Author:
- GIBSON Eliza C.
- Journal article citation:
- Smith College Studies in Social Work, 73(1), 2002, pp.29-50.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
Explores the impact of war and the experiences of forced exile on the process of adaption and identity development in five Bosnian adolescent refugees who have lived in the United States for the last two years. Sources of resilience were found in individual temperament, adaption to trauma, and cultural pride and loyalty.
Refugees and transnationalism: the experience of Bosnians and Eritreans in Europe
- Authors:
- AL-ALI Nadje, BLACK Richard, KOSER Khalid
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 27(4), October 2001, pp.615-634.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
The study of transnationalism has largely bypassed refugees, or in rare cases has focused specifically on their political activities. Proceeding from recent perspectives in international migration studies which suggest that there may be at best only a blurred conceptual distinction between refugees and other migrants, this article subjects two refugee groups - Eritreans and Bosnians in various European countries - the type of transnational analysis more commonly found among labour migrants. It extends the focus from political activities to shoe how refugees can become involved in a range of economic, social and cultural transnational activities. At the same time, the paper identifies a range of obstacles which differentially influence the desire and capacity of one study populations to participate in these activities. Makes the case for a fuller incorporation of refugees in the contemporary study of transnationalism. Also charts the evolution of transnational characteristics among the study populations. The implications, which extends beyond the refugee context alone, is that transnationalism is not a 'state of being', as is sometimes implied by the existing literature, but rather that transnationalism is a dynamic process.