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How do female adolescents cope and survive the hardships of prostitution? A content analysis of existing literature
- Authors:
- HEILEMANN Tammy, SANTHIVEERAN Janaki
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Diversity in Social Work, 20(1), January 2011, pp.57-76.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
The purpose of this review was to develop an understanding of the hardships experienced by female adolescents involved in prostitution and the coping strategies they employ for their survival. Thirty-one studies published in peer-reviewed journals between 1997 and 2006 on female adolescents in prostitution or who entered prostitution during their adolescent years were selected and analysed. The studies were conducted in 22 countries and included females from at least 50 different ethnic groups. The results of the content analysis indicate that teenage girls involved in prostitution suffer from sexual and physical assaults, substance abuse, health problems, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), social stigmatisation, and isolation. The adolescent girls used the following coping mechanisms for their survival: peer support, use of drugs and alcohol, and self-mutilation. Prostituted females relied on personal safety plans and boundaries to mitigate the violence and risks involved in prostitution. Implications for social work and multicultural social work practice, future research, and social policy are discussed.
Child care preferences of foreign-born immigrant groups in California
- Author:
- SANTHIVEERAN Janaki
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Family Social Work, 13(1), January 2010, pp.45-55.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
California is the number one state for foreign born residents, who comprise one third of its population. This study uses the California Health Interview Survey 2005 Child Survey data to explore disparities among three major immigrant groups’ child care preferences. Findings showed that Asian immigrant families used a grandparent or a relative care and a preschool more than Latino and European immigrant families. Latino immigrant families were shown to use child care from a non-family member in the provider’s home and Head Start more than Asian and European immigrant families. To understand the predictors of time spent in child care by California's immigrant children, a multiple regression analysis was run which showed that being a child from an Asian immigrant family, child's age, being a girl, and being a child from a single mother-headed immigrant family emerged as predictors explaining 17.2% of the variance in the amount of time spent in child care. The author concludes that variations in child care usage among immigrant groups warrants concern, and suggests a need for culturally sensitive child care programmes for immigrants.
Compliance of social work e-therapy websites to the NASW Code of Ethics
- Author:
- SANTHIVEERAN Janaki
- Journal article citation:
- Social Work in Health Care, 48(1), January 2009, pp.1-13.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
This mixed qualitative and quantitative study used the E-therapy Site Compliance Evaluation Form, developed by the author, to retrieve data from 66 e-therapy websites offered by social workers. A high level of compliance with the duty to inform was found, but a low level of compliance with the duty to maintain professional boundaries. The duty to maintain confidentiality and procedures to be used in an emergency delivered mixed results. Although 59% presented the procedures to be used in an emergency, only 32% required the provision of information on local backup. The implications for social work practice, research, education and policy guidelines are discussed.
Data mining for web site evaluation: an exploration of site usage by graduate social work students
- Author:
- SANTHIVEERAN Janaki
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Teaching in Social Work, 26(3/4), 2006, pp.181-196.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
This paper discusses the usage of a password-protected course website, which included announcements, the syllabus, assignments, lecture outlines, readings, group or individual exercises, weekly objectives, on-line forums, chat rooms and email. The site was used as a supplement for two sections of a graduate research methods course in an American University that met face-to-face for several hours every week. During one semester the 49 students accessed the site nearly 25,000 times, with use occurring 23 hours a day, seven days a week. The course documents areas was the most popular, and the student area (including a digital drop box for submitting assignments, online grade check, and facility to create a personal website) the least popular. The implications for website design and evaluation are discussed. (Copies of this article are available from: Haworth Document Delivery Centre, Haworth Press Inc., 10 Alice Street, Binghamton, NY 13904-1580).
Employment among current and former welfare recipients: a literature review
- Authors:
- MORRIS Susan, SANTHIVEERAN Janaki, LAM Brian Trung
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Family Social Work, 10(2), 2006, pp.17-34.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
The primary goal of welfare reform is to move recipients from welfare to work. Several factors influence the employment of welfare recipients. The purpose of this content analysis is to offer a comprehensive understanding of employment characteristics and important personal, family, and employment characteristics that either promote or deter employment among current and former welfare recipients. Social workers need a comprehensive understanding of these factors in order to design policy and social work interventions. This article is a content analysis of the results of empirical research studies. Implications and recommendations are offered based on the review of empirical research on current and former welfare recipients. (Copies of this article are available from: Haworth Document Delivery Centre, Haworth Press Inc., 10 Alice Street, Binghamton, NY 13904-1580).
Use of communication tools and fee-setting in e-therapy: a web site survey
- Authors:
- SANTHIVEERAN Janaki, GRANT Bronwyn
- Journal article citation:
- Social Work in Mental Health, 4(2), 2005, pp.31-45.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
The e-therapy web sites offer opportunities for interaction for their clients through the use of online communication tools such as e-mail, virtual chat, and computer videoconferencing. This study presents a content analysis of 73 e-therapy web sites to understand how online therapy is currently being delivered, including what communication tools are frequently used in e-therapy and the fee structure of e-therapy. Almost all e-therapy web sites surveyed indicated using electronic mail and very few e-therapy web sites offered computer video conferencing. E-therapy web sites with social workers and non-social workers differed statistically only in their use of computer videoconferencing. The groups did not differ in their fee-setting practices. For both the groups, computer videoconferencing is the most expensive method followed by E-mail, telephone, and virtual chat. The article concludes with implications of the study findings to social work practice and to future research. (Copies of this article are available from: Haworth Document Delivery Centre, Haworth Press Inc., 10 Alice Street, Binghamton, NY 13904-1580).
Experiences of material hardships among TANF leavers
- Authors:
- HUNTER Tamara, SANTHIVEERAN Janaki
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Family Social Work, 9(1), 2005, pp.1-16.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
Experiences of food insufficiencies, inadequate access to health care, and housing-related hardships represent how financial strain negatively impacts the entire family. The purpose of this study was to examine experiences of material hardships by TANF leavers and to understand factors that are associated with experiences of material hardship. This study examined the material hardships of TANF leavers using the 1999 National Survey of America's Families. Data for 220 families who exited TANF in 1997 were extracted. The majority of TANF leavers (53.2%) reported worrying about food, which was ranked as the number one hardship. Voluntary leavers tended to experience housingrelated hardships more than involuntary leavers did. When compared to White leavers, other ethnic groups experienced a higher percentage of housing and healthcare-related hardships. (Copies of this article are available from: Haworth Document Delivery Centre, Haworth Press Inc., 10 Alice Street, Binghamton, NY 13904-1580).
Leaving welfare: differences between those who exited voluntarily and those who stayed
- Authors:
- SANTHIVEERAN Janaki, JIMENEZ Jillian
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Family Social Work, 8(3), 2004, pp.19-35.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
This article uses data from the US National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979-1998 to understand the differences between those who exited the welfare system voluntarily (leavers) and those who stayed (non-leavers), 1990-1996. The purpose of this research was to examine the differences between the groups in their personal and family characteristics, employment status and poverty status. In addition, logistic regression was used to assess significant predictors that affect the probability of exiting from welfare. The overall results show that being married and having been employed longer prior to exit increases the chances of voluntary welfare exit and having more children is a significant barrier to welfare exit irrespective of individuals' marital and employment status. Leavers and non-leavers significantly differed in their poverty status and employment status for each assessment year. (Copies of this article are available from: Haworth Document Delivery Centre, Haworth Press Inc., 10 Alice Street, Binghamton, NY 13904-1580).
E-therapy : scope, concerns, ethical standards, and feasibility
- Author:
- SANTHIVEERAN Janaki
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Family Social Work, 8(3), 2004, pp.37-53.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
This article briefly presents a historical overview of e-therapy and the current state of the art as it relates to social work. The article evaluates the research available on the subject and considers several practical issues and ethical concerns based on the ethical standards of NASW, APA, and ACA. The article considers the potential benefits and limitations of e-therapy and offers recommendations to improve its benefits and minimize its shortcomings. Finally, the article concludes with the application of e-therapy to family social work. (Copies of this article are available from: Haworth Document Delivery Centre, Haworth Press Inc., 10 Alice Street, Binghamton, NY 13904-1580).