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How a sample of residential childcare staff conceptualize and use attachment theory in practice
- Authors:
- MORISON Ailsa, TAYLOR Emily, GERVAIS Mhairi
- Journal article citation:
- Child and Youth Services, 41(1), 2020, pp.3-27.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
Attachment theory features throughout policy and research for young people in residential care. However, there is limited empirical understanding of how this translates into practice. This research aimed to construct an explanatory theory of how residential staff make sense of, and use, attachment theory in practice. It also aimed to identify whether any components of attachment theory are particularly salient to staff and to what extent their conceptualizations draw upon contemporary attachment theory. Constructivist grounded theory was used in the form of 20 interviews with staff, through an iterative process of data collection and analysis, theoretical sampling, and member reflections. Results indicate staff focus upon a natural process of building relationships, often without a coherent narrative to describe attachment theory to practice links. This natural process is challenged by tensions within the residential system. Findings are contextualized within existing research and future recommendations are outlined (Publisher abstract)
In search for the "humane": staffs' perspectives on everyday activities in a nursing home
- Authors:
- MONDACA Margarita, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Aging and Mental Health, 24(4), 2020, pp.679-688.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Objectives: To better understand how a dialogue about the influence of nursing home residents on their everyday activities evolve among diverse practitioners and to identify the consequences of such an understanding in practice. Methods: Inspired by a collaborative approach, five workshops, one focus group and follow up interviews were conducted. The participants were 19 diverse practitioners. Analysis followed a dialogical approach. Findings: Tensions, opportunities and challenges were articulated and discussed during the workshops and are developed in: a) Bypassing the “humane”? The dilemma between using shields preventing engagement or acting in a clandestine manner b)“What is our stance?” Seeking common ground on which to stand regarding everyday activities and c) Recognising expertise and seeking connections. Discussion: For the staff, acting in a clandestine manner seems to create ways of enabling “humane” practices towards nursing home residents. The “clandestine manners” seem to be grounded in an effort on the part of the staff to make sense of the everyday activities for the nursing home residents. These “clandestine manners” could be seen as responses to institutional routines and a lack of common ground on the understanding of everyday activities in the context of nursing homes. (Edited publisher abstract)
Does contingency work in human service agencies compromise practice and practice ethics? An exploratory study
- Author:
- HYDE Cheryl A.
- Journal article citation:
- Ethics and Social Welfare, 14(1), 2020, pp.39-51.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Abingdon
The use of contingency workers has increased in the human service sector though the consequences of this labour arrangement have not been examined. This article reports findings from an exploratory study in which 15 human service workers employed on a contingency basis were interviewed regarding their choices and the consequences of their jobs. Two broad research questions guide discussion and analysis: (1) how do current contingent workers describe or assess their employment situations, and (2) given this information, how might contingency status impact practice ethics. Results suggest that because of the precarious nature of contingency work, practice ethics are compromised. Respondents reported that they do not have access to regular supervision or are not attached to their co-workers or agencies, which means that they are not able to readily consult with others when ethical challenges arise. Discussion focuses on the broader implications that contingency arrangements have not just for ethical decision-making, but for the development of the workers, the agencies, and the human service sector. (Publisher abstract)
Can children be safe if their caregivers are not?: Reflections on the “Promise” study of workforce issues in a residential treatment center for children
- Author:
- SMITH Yvonne
- Journal article citation:
- Residential Treatment for Children and Youth, 37(2), 2020, pp.156-173.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
This article reviews findings from a recent ethnographic study of the workforce in a residential treatment center for children. Major threats to workers’ physical safety and psychosocial well-being were documented, including client violence and intensive and threatening regulatory oversight of practice. The author shows how, in this setting, the effects of client violence against workers and attempts to comply with the regulatory policy appear to have had unintended negative consequences for the safety of youth in care, as well as their caregivers. The article argues that attempts to improve safety and the perception of safety for youth in care require a systemic understanding of how violence and its regulation affect the milieu as a whole, with attention to the well-being of both children and workers. It concludes with suggestions for how organisations can maximise safety for all. (Edited publisher abstract)
“We should see her like part of the team”: an investigation into care home staff’s experiences of being part of an RCT of a complex psychosocial intervention
- Authors:
- FOSSEY Jane, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Aging and Mental Health, 24(1), 2020, pp.178-185.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Objectives: To contribute to improvements in the design and delivery of intervention research in care homes by adopting a collaborative approach that listens to the experiences of care home staff who had participated in a clinical trial aimed at optimising and evaluating a psychosocial intervention package for people with dementia. Methods: Qualitative study involving focus group discussions (FGDs) involving 41 staff across 6 care homes with the UK. Inductive thematic analysis was used to identify themes and interpret the data. Results: Three overarching themes emerged as influential: Recognising preparedness; working together and learning more than expected. The findings highlighted the need to be attentive in addressing staff expectations, the value of sustained relationships and recognition of good practice. The FGDs also identified areas of unanticipated learning that staff and managers adopted. Conclusions: The FGDs showed the importance of considering the overall experience of care home staff who are involved in research and the importance of valuing the skills and experience they hold through positive affirmation. There are often unanticipated consequences of research involvement both on staff practice and on relationships which if promoted could help sustain effective ways of working together. (Publisher abstract)
Relationship of care staff attitudes with social well-being and challenging behavior of nursing home residents with dementia: a cross sectional study
- Authors:
- GERRITSEN D. L., VAN BEEK A. P. A., WOODS R. T.
- Journal article citation:
- Aging and Mental Health, 23(11), 2019, pp.1517-1523.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Objectives: This study investigates the relationship between attitudes of care staff and social well-being and challenging behaviour of residents in long-term dementia care. Methods: The study was based on a cross-sectional design using questionnaires. Care staff members (N = 291) of 15 long-term care facilities in the Netherlands completed the Approaches to Dementia Questionnaire. Additionally, the primary professional caregiver of each participating resident (N = 239) completed an observational questionnaire regarding that resident’s behaviour, which contained the scale for Social Wellbeing Of Nursing home residents and the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory. Data were analyzed using multilevel analyses, taking characteristics of residents into account. Results: Attitudes of care staff towards residents with dementia differed between facilities. Further, residents experienced more social well-being and displayed less challenging behaviour in facilities where care staff had more hopeful attitudes. Conclusion: This study demonstrates a relationship between attitudes of care staff and resident well-being. The results indicate that it is important to address attitudes towards residents with dementia in the education of (future) care staff. Care processes may also be improved by focusing on the attitudes of care staff. In this way, the well-being of residents with dementia can potentially be improved as well. (Edited publisher abstract)
Equipping staff with the skills to maximise recovery of people with dementia after an injurious fall
- Authors:
- BAMFORD Claire, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Aging and Mental Health, 23(11), 2019, pp.1524-1532.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Objectives: People with dementia are more likely to fall and less likely to recover well after a fall than cognitively intact older people. Little is known about how best to deliver services to this patient group. This paper explores the importance of compensating for cognitive impairment when working with people with dementia. Methods: Qualitative methods – interviews, focus groups and observation – were used to explore the views and experiences of people with dementia, family carers and professionals providing services to people with dementia following an injurious fall. A thematic, iterative analysis was undertaken in which emerging themes were identified from each individual dataset, prior to an integrative analysis. Results: A key theme across all datasets was the need to deliver services in ways that compensate for cognitive impairment, such as negotiating meaningful activities that can be embedded into the routines of people with dementia. Professionals varied in their ability to adapt their practice to meet the needs of people with dementia. Negative attitudes towards dementia, a lack of knowledge and understanding of dementia limited the ability of some professionals to work in person-centred ways. Conclusion: Improving outcomes for people with dementia following a fall requires the principles of person-centred care to be enacted by professionals with a generic role, as well as specialist staff. This requires additional training and support by specialist staff to address the wide variability in current practice. (Publisher abstract)
Voluntary work in the Norwegian long-term care sector: complementing or substituting formal services?
- Authors:
- SKINNER Marianne Sundlisaeter, SOGSTAD Maren Kristine Raknes, TINGVOLD Laila
- Journal article citation:
- European Journal of Social Work, 22(6), 2019, pp.999-1011.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Across Europe, governments call for increased involvement of volunteers to shoulder some of the welfare burden. Nevertheless, there is little research into what kind of work and how much volunteers currently contribute in the long-term care services and whether this has the potential to substitute formal services. Drawing on findings from a survey of employees in Norwegian nursing homes and home care districts, this study examines the nature and volume of voluntary, unpaid work in the long-term care services in Norway. The data suggests that volunteers to a very limited degree carry out work that has traditionally been considered the formal system’s domain: personal care and practical help. Nearly all the voluntary, unpaid contributions in the data takes place within cultural, social and other activities aimed at promoting mental stimulation and well-being, indicating a classic specialisation of tasks between volunteers and professionals. However, there has been an expansion of the formal care system to include activities aimed at promoting well-being in recent decades. This may indicate that there is a certain level of task sharing between voluntary and formal care. Thus, social workers need to consider voluntary service provision when assessing the needs of clients. (Edited publisher abstract)
Taking an organizational approach to addressing secondary trauma in child welfare settings
- Authors:
- TULLBERG Erika, BOOTHE Georgia
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Public Child Welfare, 13(3), 2019, pp.345-367.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
The increasing focus on trauma-informed child welfare practice has expanded beyond children to include other stakeholders, including child welfare staff. Despite research showing high levels of trauma exposure and symptoms among child welfare staff, and the connection between secondary trauma and staff attrition, the field has lagged in developing interventions for child welfare professionals and agencies affected by secondary trauma. This paper describes efforts underway in New York City to better understand and address secondary trauma in a multi-service child welfare agency. Agency data showing the extent to which people in different roles (e.g., caseworker, supervisor) feel that secondary trauma is recognized and addressed, and findings from exit interviews with departing staff, are shared. Lessons learned include the importance of responding to secondary trauma organizationally; the value of data collection in destigmatizing secondary trauma and clarifying agency priorities; and the need to simultaneously address secondary trauma and burnout. Recommendations for future research, including better understanding the knowledge and skills that supervisors and administrators need to mitigate secondary trauma, are shared. (Edited publisher abstract)
Views and attitudes towards evidence-based practice in a Dutch social work organization
- Authors:
- ZWET Renske J.M. van der, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Evidence-Based Social Work, 16(3), 2019, pp.245-260.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
Purpose: This case study explores the views and attitudes towards Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) of social workers and staff working in a social work organization in the Netherlands that recently committed to EBP. Method: Qualitative data were gathered from semi-structured interviews with 10 staff members and 12 social workers. Results: Confusion about the meaning of EBP was a major theme among both social workers and staff and EBP was conceptualized in several different ways. Some respondents perceived EBP as using interventions for which there is scientific evidence that it is effective, i.e. Research-Supported Treatments (RSTs), other’s used a broader conceptualization that, besides scientific evidence, also takes into account professional expertise and/or client circumstances (EBP process). A strong preference for the EBP process as opposed to RSTs was another major theme among both social workers and staff. Conclusion: The results suggest that organizations preparing for EBP implementation will need to increase both staff’s and social workers’ understanding of EBP by providing a clear explanation of the difference between RSTs and the EBP process. (Edited publisher abstract)