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Online social networking among clinically depressed young people: scoping review of potentially supportive or harmful behaviors
- Authors:
- ELIAS Carolyn L., GOREY Kevin M.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Technology in Human Services, 40(1), 2022, pp.79-96.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
Online social networking sites are ubiquitous and prevalently used by young people. The COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated the potential for such sites to bring isolated people together to support their mental health. Virtual communications, however, are not without risks. Substantial knowledge exists on attendant risks and protections among the general population, but much less seems known about their effects among clinical populations. This scoping review mapped the novel knowledge and knowledge gaps related to online social networking experiences and perceptions of depressed young people, adolescents to emergent adults. It also explored moderators of their social networking supports versus harms. A broad search of published and gray research literature between 2010 and 2021 found seven intensive interview studies, three surveys and a brief prospective cohort. Their aggregate sample of 915 clinically depressed young people was most typically, outpatient adolescents in the USA. They also prevalently used online social networks, but their perceptions seemed more positive than those of their peers without a diagnosis of depression. In fact, their positive perceptions (60%; e.g., ease of access and communication with providers, support from positive peers) were nearly two-fold greater than their negative perceptions. (36%; e.g., self-denigrating comparisons with "friends," cyberbullies). Tentatively suggested moderators of risks versus protections were found at the intersection of gender, ethnicity and socioeconomic status. However, given this relatively new field's limits, these are probably best thought of as screened hypotheses for future full systematic review development and primary research testing. Clinical implications are discussed. (Edited publisher abstract)
Older people's strategies for meaningful social interactions in the context of eldercare services
- Authors:
- SODERBERG Maria, EMILSSON Ulla Melin
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Social Work Practice, 36(1), 2022, pp.73-85.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
Considering that 'social work with older people' refers to something that is carried out with older people, it is of crucial importance to reveal the meaning of 'the social' from the perspective of the elderly. The aim of this article is to reveal how older people go about achieving meaningful social interactions in everyday life in the context of eldercare services and the role of social work practice within this area. Twenty-six older people have been included in 24 open semi-structured interviews. Prominent features in the findings are that care recipients in eldercare services develop strategies to create a sense of meaningfulness. This is a new dimension of 'self-created' person-centred care. The conclusions drawn are that while social work for older people involves someone in charge of something for somebody else, social work with older people indicates an unconditioned practice beyond the performance of services. (Edited publisher abstract)
Table-top role-playing games as a therapeutic intervention with adults to increase social connectedness
- Authors:
- ABBOTT Matthew S., STAUSS Kimberly A., BURNETT Allen F.
- Journal article citation:
- Social Work with Groups, 45(1), 2022, pp.16-31.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
Research shows that social connectedness is decreasing and loneliness increasing in the United States, subsequently resulting in a health crisis due to the anxiety and depression these attributes can cause. There is evidence that clinicians have difficulty treating individuals experiencing social anxiety and there is need for intervention strategies that lower treatment barriers. There has been scant research recognizing the use of table-top role-playing games to incorporate when treating social anxiety. The current manuscript describes a year-long group using Dungeons and Dragons in a therapeutic setting and explores perceptions from participants who experienced this group. Core concepts of the model and lessons learned from the developers are described for clinicians who hope to incorporate such a model. Participants described increased confidence in social situations, particularly with boundaries or making mistakes. Secondly, the skills practiced in the game were transferred into real-world experiences. Implications for future research and limitations were described. (Edited publisher abstract)
Bursting bubbles: outcomes of an intergroup contact intervention within the context of a community based violence intervention program
- Authors:
- St. VIL Christopher, BOAITEY Kwasi
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Community Practice, 29(4), 2021, pp.391-404.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philapelphia, USA
Intergroup contact theory has received much quantitative support. However few efforts have attempted to apply qualitative methodologies to understand the perceptions of individuals who experience these contacts. The researchers conducted 19 interviews to explore the perceptions of stakeholders of a community-based fitness program whose goal was to increase intergroup contact among its stakeholders. Participants reflected on the program reducing their social isolation, increasing opportunities for engagement outside one’s own group, and expanded world views. (Edited publisher abstract)
Three-year effects of neighborhood social network intervention on mental and physical health of older adults
- Authors:
- HARADA Kazuhiro, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Aging and Mental Health, 25(12), 2021, pp.2235-2245.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Objectives: Although neighborhood is considered to be a crucial source of social network to promote health among older adults, current findings are mostly derived from observational study designs. This study examined whether participations in event-based community programs could increase neighborhood social network and whether such increase could lead to desirable changes in mental and physical health among older adults. Method: This study employed quasi-experimental design. A baseline questionnaire survey was sent to residents of Tsurukabuto community aged 60 years or more (n = 1769); 1,068 responded. Community events were implemented approximately once a month for three years. Then, a three-year follow-up survey questionnaire was sent to the respondents of the baseline survey. The total number of respondents in the latter survey was 662; of the total, 173 participated in the intervention. Strong and weak ties with neighbours, mental well-being (Ikigai-9), health-related quality of life (HRQOL), and instrumental activity of daily living (IADL) were measured in the surveys. Results: The path analysis revealed that intervention participation was significantly associated with changes in strong ties (standardized path coefficient = 0.12) and changes in strong ties were associated with those in Ikigai-9 scores (standardized path coefficient = 0.15). The total and indirect effects of intervention participation on Ikigai-9 scores were significant. Significant intervention effects were not observed for HRQOL and IADL scores. Conclusion: This study found that participation in our event-based intervention could indirectly and positively influence older adults’ mental well-being through their strong ties with their neighbours. (Edited publisher abstract)
Victimization of children with disabilities: coping strategies and protective factors
- Authors:
- WOOD Caroline, ORPINAS Pamela
- Journal article citation:
- Disability and Society, 36(9), 2021, pp.1469-1488.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Students with disabilities are frequently victimized or marginalized at school. However, little is known from the perspective of youth with disabilities about their experiences of victimization, coping, and protection. The current study examined experiences of school victimization and identified factors that reduced victimization, created a welcoming environment, or improved coping. Based on ten in-depth interviews, five themes emerged: victimization specific to disability was common; some schools were the source of victimization; support from educators, family, and peers reduced victimization; blending with classmates and educating peers helped to overcome victimization; and some disability characteristics limited the strategies to cope with victimization. Both peers and schools were the source of victimization in some situations and the source of coping in others. Findings reinforce the importance of family, peers, and school support to prevent victimization, as aggression is less likely to occur in environments that embrace diversity and support children with disabilities. (Edited publisher abstract)
Social connectedness in adults with mental disorders: ecological validation of a conceptual framework for novel complex interventions
- Authors:
- HARE-DUKE Laurie, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Mental Health, 30(3), 2021, pp.333-340.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- London
Background: Social connectedness interventions may improve the clinical outcomes and personal recovery of adults with mental disorders but many interventions lack a clear theory-base and show limited effectiveness. Aim: To evaluate the validity of a newly developed conceptual framework (the CIVIC framework: Closeness, Identity, Valued relationships, Involvement and Cared for and accepted) to function as the theory-base for novel social connectedness-based mental health interventions. Method: Semi-structured interviews with adults with diagnostically heterogeneous mental disorders (n = 13) and mental health professionals (n = 9). Participants reported their social connectedness experiences, their views on the CIVIC framework and potential targets for new interventions. Sequential inductive and deductive thematic analyses were used. Data quality was assessed through respondent validation. Results: Both inductive and deductive analyses provided validation of the CIVIC framework. Additional themes of Stigma and Connectedness beyond social relationships were identified in the inductive analysis. Candidate interventions to target each CIVIC domain were identified. Conclusions: The CIVIC framework demonstrates ecological validity and can therefore serve as the theory-base for the development of novel social connectedness-based interventions. This study indicates that interventions would be most effective when they incorporate evidence-based approaches which target each of the categories described by the CIVIC framework. (Edited publisher abstract)
Social support and depressive symptoms among trauma-impacted older adults
- Authors:
- CHO Seungjong, BULGER Morgan
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Evidence-Based Social Work, 18(4), 2021, pp.371-378.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
Purpose: The present study investigates the association between social support and depressive symptomatology among older adults who have been impacted by trauma. Previous studies have not sufficiently explored this topic to date. Method: The current study analyzed public-use data from the 2012 Health and Retirement Study (N = 4,195), focusing specifically on community-dwelling older adults (> 50). They had at least one traumatic event in their lifetime. Results: This study found that higher levels of social support were significantly associated with lower levels of depressive symptoms after controlling for life satisfaction, age, gender, race, ethnicity, and education. Discussion and Conclusion: The recent emergence of trauma-informed research has consistently emphasized the importance of social interaction for mental health. The current study shows that social support can reduce depressive symptoms of those who have experienced trauma. (Edited publisher abstract)
The role of professionals in strengthening social relations of adults with a disability in independent supported living: practices and influencing factors
- Authors:
- MEYS Evy, HERMANS Koen, MAES Bea
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability, 46(2), 2021, pp.150-163.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Background: Professionals play an important role in supporting the social relations of persons with a disability. This study looks at professional practices supporting or strengthening social relations of persons in independent supported living, by integrating the perspectives of adults with a disability, network members and professionals. Method: Fifty-one semi-structured interviews were carried out. Results: Identified practices were: facilitating social situations, connecting with current and new network members, getting to know the person with a disability really well, delivering person-directed work, being a sounding board, being a safety net, working with an empowering attitude, seeing and exploiting opportunities. Influencing factors were related to the person with a disability, the professional, the network members and the broader environment. Conclusion: Identified practices were small actions rather than structured or programmatic interventions. An unique combination and complex interplay of factors was found within each case, where negative factors could be counterbalanced by positive factors. (Edited publisher abstract)
Rapid systematic review of systematic reviews: what befriending, social support and low intensity psychosocial interventions, delivered remotely, are effective in reducing social isolation and loneliness among older adults? How do they work?
- Authors:
- BOULTON Elisabeth, et al
- Journal article citation:
- F1000Research, 9, 2020, p.1368.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- London
[version 1; peer review: 2 approved with reservations] Background: During the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic, millions of older adults are advised to avoid contact with those outside their household. ‘Social distancing’ has highlighted the need to minimise loneliness and isolation through the provision of remotely delivered befriending, social support and low intensity psychosocial interventions. We wanted to know what interventions are effective and how they work to help inform decisions about different approaches. Methods: This study followed a systematic ‘review of reviews’ approach and included systematic reviews focussed on the effectiveness or implementation of remote interventions to reduce levels of social isolation or loneliness in adults aged 50+. Searches of 11 databases were undertaken during April 2020 and eligible reviews were critically appraised using AMSTAR2. Narrative synthesis was used at a review and study level to develop a typology of intervention types and their effectiveness. Intervention Component Analysis (ICA) and Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) were used at a study level to explore the characteristics of successful interventions. Results: This study synthesised evidence from five systematic reviews and 18 primary studies. Remote befriending, social support and low intensity psychosocial interventions took the form of: (i) supported video-communication; (ii) online discussion groups and forums; (iii) telephone befriending; (iv) social networking sites; and (v) multi-tool interventions. The majority of studies utilised the first two approaches, and were generally regarded positively by older adults, although with mixed quantitative evidence around effectiveness. Focussing on processes and mechanisms, using ICA and QCA, this study found that the interventions that were most effective in improving social support: (i) enabled participants to speak freely and to form close relationships; (ii) ensured participants have shared experiences/characteristics; (iii) included some form of pastoral guidance. Conclusions: The findings highlight a set of intervention processes that should be incorporated into interventions, although they do not lead us to recommend particular modes of remote support. (Edited publisher abstract)