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Austerity and governance: coordinating policing and mental health policy in the UK
- Authors:
- SOLAR Carlos, SMITH Martin
- Journal article citation:
- Policy Studies, 43(2), 2022, pp.352-369.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
Notions of network and polycentric governance highlight the possibility of innovation and adaptability in service delivery. At the same time, it has been argued that austerity and financial restrictions create intense pressures for public sector reform as public sector organizations look to new ways to deliver services. Hence the argument from governments in advanced democracies was that austerity would drive innovation. This article argues, through an analysis of the issue of policing and mental health in the UK, that network governance and polycentrism can be a significant constraint on reform when policy is delivered through multiple overlapping agencies, but with a lack of overarching authority. In the case of policing and mental health, introducing new governance arrangements is complex, much more so in a context of austerity. Resistance within organizations can oppose to novel forms of governance, and the new demands created by expenditure cuts further stress service delivery. (Edited publisher abstract)
Condors and tigers: a literature review on arts, social support, and mental health among immigrant children in Canada
- Authors:
- ELKCHIRID Abdelfettah, MOTIA Maryam
- Journal article citation:
- Social Work in Mental Health, 20(1), 2022, pp.92-106.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
Migration is stressful and potentially detrimental to the mental health of immigrant children. However, they may draw tremendous mental health benefits by participating in group-based arts programs. In this literature review, we aimed to answer the question: how does participation in group-based arts programs impact the mental health of immigrant children in Canada? Findings indicated that factors at personal, interpersonal, and structural levels affect the mental health of these populations. Arts classes and programs at schools or communities would promote these children’s mental health through both the direct impact of artworks and the facilitation of social support within groups. (Edited publisher abstract)
Social workers in mental health. Epistemological identities and preferences among social workers
- Authors:
- EKELAND Tor-Johan, MYKLEBUST Vidar
- Journal article citation:
- Social Work in Mental Health, 20(2), 2022, pp.159-173.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
Mental health has become an interprofessional service. Historically, differences between professionals in their epistemological orientation toward mental illness and treatment have created substantial tension. However, there are little empirical evidence about professional’s epistemological identity. In this article, we first discuss the important relationship between epistemology, practice and ethic and report the results from a survey based on a Norwegian sample (N = 432) of social workers. The overall finding is that social workers seem to be more eclectic than specific in their epistemological orientation and that the eclecticism seems to express epistemological indifference rather than a conscious choice. (Edited publisher abstract)
Understanding practitioners’ and young people’s views of a risk calculator for future psychopathology and poor functioning in young people victimised during childhood
- Authors:
- LATHAM Rachel M., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Mental Health, 30(6), 2021, pp.706-723.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- London
Background: Although children who are exposed to victimisation (including abuse, neglect, domestic violence and bullying) have an increased risk of later psychopathology and functional impairment, not all go on to develop these outcomes. Risk calculators that generate individualised probabilities of a victimised child developing future psychopathology and poor functioning have the potential to help practitioners identify the most vulnerable children and efficiently target preventive interventions. Aim: This study explored the views of young people and practitioners regarding the acceptability and feasibility of potentially using a risk calculator to predict victimised children’s individual risk of poor outcomes. Methods: Young people (n = 6) with lived experience of childhood victimisation took part in two focus groups. Health and social care practitioners (n = 13) were interviewed individually. Focus groups and interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed and thematically analysed. Results: Ten themes were identified, organised according to the three main topics of discussion: (i) identifying risk (risk factors, current practice, accuracy, implementation, response); (ii) protective factors and prevention (individual, environment, preventative intervention); and (iii) communication of research (stakeholders, methods). Conclusion: Risk calculators have the potential to enhance health and social care practice in the United Kingdom, but we highlight key factors that require consideration for successful implementation. (Edited publisher abstract)
Does gender matter to promote mental health through community engagement among older adults?
- Authors:
- YEO Lyn Hui Wen, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Aging and Mental Health, 26(1), 2022, pp.186-195.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Objectives: Community engagement is critical for healthy aging. However, how gender plays a role in mental health promotion of late life is less understood. The study objectives were to examine the association between community engagement and mental health and the effect of gender on this association in older adults. Methods: A door-to-door interviewer-administered survey was conducted with 497 older adults in a public housing town in Singapore. The survey used measures of General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), Community Integration Measure (CIM), FRAIL Index, Lubben Social Network, and community participation. Multiple regressions were conducted for psychological distress and social dysfunction, assessed by GHQ-12. After testing the main effects, the moderating effects of gender were explored in the regression models. Results: None of the demographic characteristics, except gender, was associated with psychological distress; men reported poorer mental health than women. In regressions, female, community attachment (assessed by CIM), and participation were associated with decreased psychological distress; social networks and community participation were associated with decreased social dysfunction. Interaction effects of gender and community participation were found in psychological distress, not social dysfunction. The reduction of psychological distress by community engagement was higher among males than females. Conclusions: The findings suggest that, besides the importance of community engagement on mental health among older adults, greater efforts should be placed on the development of gender-tailored community interventions for older adults to maximize its benefits. (Edited publisher abstract)
Revisiting diary entries from care: an exposition of the challenges of unregulated placement settings
- Author:
- PIERRE Rebekah
- Journal article citation:
- Practice: Social Work in Action, 33(5), 2021, pp.375-391.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
In September 2020, the Children’s Commissioner for England published a report entitled ‘Unregulated: Children in care living in semi-independent accommodation’, which concluded that some of the country’s most vulnerable looked after children were living in accommodation unfit for human habitation. This observation encapsulates my experience of residing in such a placement between 2009 and 2011. In this article, I refer to diary entries I made during this period, which are photographed and categorised into three areas -challenges I encountered at a micro, meso, and macro level. Following each section, I provide reflection, contextual information, and propose what may have ameliorated these issues. The photographed diary extracts are personal; they were never intended to be published. However, given that the future of England’s care system hangs in the balance in the context of the Independent Care Review, they are offered as insights into the impact of unregulated placements on the physical and mental wellbeing of children. The article proposes that such settings are unsuitable for children and young people who have not yet reached adulthood and should be abandoned in favour of nurturing homes which enable them not just to barely survive, but truly thrive. (Edited publisher abstract)
Three-year effects of neighborhood social network intervention on mental and physical health of older adults
- Authors:
- HARADA Kazuhiro, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Aging and Mental Health, 25(12), 2021, pp.2235-2245.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Objectives: Although neighborhood is considered to be a crucial source of social network to promote health among older adults, current findings are mostly derived from observational study designs. This study examined whether participations in event-based community programs could increase neighborhood social network and whether such increase could lead to desirable changes in mental and physical health among older adults. Method: This study employed quasi-experimental design. A baseline questionnaire survey was sent to residents of Tsurukabuto community aged 60 years or more (n = 1769); 1,068 responded. Community events were implemented approximately once a month for three years. Then, a three-year follow-up survey questionnaire was sent to the respondents of the baseline survey. The total number of respondents in the latter survey was 662; of the total, 173 participated in the intervention. Strong and weak ties with neighbours, mental well-being (Ikigai-9), health-related quality of life (HRQOL), and instrumental activity of daily living (IADL) were measured in the surveys. Results: The path analysis revealed that intervention participation was significantly associated with changes in strong ties (standardized path coefficient = 0.12) and changes in strong ties were associated with those in Ikigai-9 scores (standardized path coefficient = 0.15). The total and indirect effects of intervention participation on Ikigai-9 scores were significant. Significant intervention effects were not observed for HRQOL and IADL scores. Conclusion: This study found that participation in our event-based intervention could indirectly and positively influence older adults’ mental well-being through their strong ties with their neighbours. (Edited publisher abstract)
Concerns of family caregivers during COVID-19: the concerns of caregivers and the surprising silver linings
- Authors:
- LIGHTFOOT Elizabeth, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 64(6), 2021, pp.656-675.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
COVID-19 has had an enormous impact on older people around the world. As family caregivers provide a good portion of the care for older people, their lives have been drastically altered by COVID-19 too. Our study is an in-depth exploration of the greatest concerns of family caregivers in the United States during COVID-19, as well as their perspectives on the benefits of caregiving during this global pandemic. The researchers conducted in-depth interviews with a diverse sample of 52 family caregivers in the United States between May and September of 2020 over video conferencing using a semi-structured interview guide. Thematic analysis was conducted to ascertain our participants’ perceptions. Caregiver’s concerns were organized into six main themes, including social isolation, decline in mental health, decline in physical and cognitive functioning, keeping their family members safe from COVID-19, lack of caregiving support, and caregiving stress. The themes related to the benefits of caregiving during COVID-19 included: enjoyed the slower pace, increased time to spend together, deepened relationships, recognizing the resilience of family members, and caregiving innovations. Our in-depth study helps social workers understand the nature of caregiving stress during COVID-19, as well as the positive aspects of caregiving, even during a global pandemic. (Edited publisher abstract)
Dementia tops training needs of nursing home social services directors; discharge responsibilities are common core functions of the department
- Authors:
- BERN-KLUG Mercedes, CORDES Elizabeth
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 64(7), 2021, pp.758-774.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
This report address two key questions: what are common core functions of nursing home social services departments and what are top training needs. Cross-sectional survey data collected in 2019 from a nationally representative sample of 924 social services directors reveal 33 responsibilities that at least two-thirds of respondents reported their department was usually or always involved in. This study documents strong and consistent interest in more training related to dementia and in common mental health and psychosocial challenges residents face. Findings reveal that training specific to social services is difficult to find. Online training opportunities were endorsed and 96% felt training targeted to new social services directors would be useful. (Edited publisher abstract)
What role will social work have played in the opioid epidemic?
- Authors:
- DUNLEAVY Daniel J., BELLAMY Chyrell D
- Journal article citation:
- Social Work in Mental Health, 19(6), 2021, pp.491-493.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
We’ve titled this editorial: “What role will social work have played in the opioid epidemic?.” This is meant to give pause, to reflect on the extent to which social work has helped – and at times harmed – those impacted by opioid use and misuse thus far, and to give consideration as to how the profession will aid going forward. We present the articles in this special issue in this spirit. In this special issue, you will find that social workers are making the connections necessary to engage communities and municipalities in ending the opioid crisis. (Publisher abstract)