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Childhood sexual abuse and adult sexual risk behavior: a review and critique
- Authors:
- MENARD Amy Dana, MACINTOSH Heather Beth
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 30(3), 2021, pp.298-331.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) is a global problem with serious repercussions for survivors in various domains of adult interpersonal functioning, including sexual risk behavior. This review aimed to summarize findings from the recent literature on the connections between CSA and later adult sexual risk behaviors (e.g., unprotected intercourse, sexually transmitted infection [STSI] diagnosis). The sexual risk behaviors consistently associated with CSA were having sex under the influence of alcohol/substances and reports of concurrent sexual partners/infidelity. Notably, studies investigating the links between CSA and history of STI diagnosis and CSA and reports of unprotected sex (with the exception of samples comprised men who have sex with men) produced inconsistent findings. The methodological limitations of existing studies are considered and suggestions for future research are offered. (Edited publisher abstract)
“It’s a trade off:” perspectives of Ryan White social service providers on the implementation of the Affordable Care Act
- Authors:
- GINOSSAR Tamar, OETZEL John
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of HIV/AIDS and Social Services, 18(4), 2019, pp.417-433.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) was expected to reduce health disparities, including among people living with HIV. The aim of this study was to explore experiences of Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program social service providers in a Medicaid-expansion southwestern state. Thematic analysis of semi-structured focus groups revealed that participants view the ACA implementation as posing impossible bureaucratic demands and increasing role conflict. Participants described the ACA impact on clients as “a trade off,” with greater medical coverage for some clients, along with increased red tape and challenges for at-risk groups and for their therapeutic alliance with clients. These findings highlight the importance of incorporating the perspectives of providers in planning and implementing policy changes and in measuring the quality of HIV services. (Publisher abstract)
Defining the linkage specialist role in the HIV care cascade
- Authors:
- PINCURA Katherine, OKAFOR Chidinma
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of HIV/AIDS and Social Services, 18(2), 2019, pp.146-165.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
As stakeholders embrace the efficiency of early disease detection and linkage to care services, corresponding demand for linkage specialists necessitates a clearer understanding of what defines and differentiates this role from the similar work of social workers and epidemiologists. The purpose of the present literature review was to identify the most frequently cited duties, knowledge, skills and abilities required of linkage specialists in employment advertisements and described in peer-reviewed literature. We conducted searches using Google, MEDLINE with Full Text, Academic Search Complete, Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition, SocINDEX with Full Text, Social Sciences Full Text, and PubMed with MEDLINE. Two reviewers applied exclusion criteria and assessed search returns. Employment ads for linkage specialists and disease intervention specialists most often described linkage to care, client education, and maintenance of client data. The linkage specialist role can be cultivated through its roots in disease detection and programmatic development. (Publisher abstract)
Alcohol use, mental health, and parenting practices among HIV-positive mothers
- Authors:
- SCHULTE Marya T., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of HIV/AIDS and Social Services, 18(2), 2019, pp.111-128.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
Mothers living with HIV (MLH) must balance childcare, their illness, and oftentimes other mental health problems/stressors. It is important to understand how a maladaptive coping strategy (alcohol use), is linked to poorer parenting practices. This study assessed the relationship between mental health/coping (anxiety, depression, alcohol use, social support), and parenting/family dimensions (communication, parenting style/stress, family routines/cohesion) among 152 MLH. Mothers reporting more psychiatric symptoms and less social support also reported poorer parenting practices and interactions. Further, MLH who used more alcohol reported less parenting involvement and fewer family interactions. Alcohol use, even at subclinical levels, can negatively impact the parent-child relationship. (Edited publisher abstract)
Professionally moderated, psychoeducational, web-based support for women living with HIV: an exploratory study
- Authors:
- GHABRIAL Monica A., CLASSEN Catherine C., MAGGI Julie D.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of HIV/AIDS and Social Services, 18(1), 2019, pp.1-25.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
Women living with HIV (WLWH) face stress and stigma due to their HIV status, and web-based support groups may provide a beneficial means for connection and education. This paper presents an exploratory study examining the feasibility and potential benefits of a professionally moderated, psychoeducational, web-based support group for WLWH. Ten women participated and the average number of weekly posts was 13.38. Active participants were more likely to be White and have a history of suicidality/self-harm. Findings suggest that future implementations may lead to improvements in depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic growth. Results substantiate prior research and provide a foundation for future interventions. (Edited publisher abstract)
The development of an innovative, theory-driven, psychoeducational HIV/STI prevention intervention for heterosexually active black adolescents with mental illnesses
- Authors:
- BRAWNER Bridgette M., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies, 14(2), 2019, pp.151-165.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), continue to disproportionately affect Black adolescents. Those experiencing the psychological sequelae of mental illnesses are at increased risk. Here, this study outlines the development of an HIV/STI prevention intervention for heterosexually active Black adolescents with mental illnesses. This research was guided by a psychosocial expansion of the Theory of Planned Behavior, nested within a broader social determinants of health framework. A youth community advisory board provided study oversight. Heterosexually active Black adolescents aged 14–17 were recruited from community-based outpatient mental health providers for focus groups, surveys and two ‘dress rehearsals’ of the intervention protocol (N = 68). The qualitative and quantitative findings indicated that knowledge, attitudes and skills related to consistent condom use, reduced number of sexual partners, routine HIV/STI testing, abstinence and emotion regulation were important areas to target. These elicitation data provided insight into the context of HIV/STI risk for the study population, and were used to develop the intervention content. ‘Project GOLD: We are Kings and Queens’ was designed to be delivered over two days (3 hours per day), with eight, 45-min modules. The activities address behaviors, as well as cognitive, emotional, psychological and social processes associated with HIV/STI risk. Alongside evidence-based HIV/STI prevention strategies (e.g. sexual partner communication skills), the intervention activities are rooted in principles of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. Dress rehearsal participants were in favor of the intervention and provided feedback on activity length, gender and cultural relevance and strategies to sustain attention; this information was used to finalize the curriculum. In partnership with the community, a theoretically driven, gender and culturally relevant, developmentally and psychologically appropriate HIV/STI prevention program was developed. The authors suggest that the ultimate goal is to standardize sexual health assessment and intervention in outpatient mental health treatment settings to meet sexual health needs in this underserved population. (Edited publisher abstract)
Ecological barriers to HIV service access among young men who have sex with men and high-risk young women from low-resourced urban communities
- Authors:
- CHIARAMONTE Danielle, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of HIV/AIDS and Social Services, 17(4), 2018, pp.313-333.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
Using an ecological perspective, this study sought to elucidate the perceived barriers preventing HIV service access among two groups of U.S. youth (ages 12–24) disproportionately affected by HIV, men who have sex with men, and high-risk women. This study content analysed interviews with 318 key informants to identify distinct service access barriers. The 29 barriers informants named were organized into six categories (service-seeking demands, stigmas, knowledge and awareness, service quality, powerful opposition, and negative emotions). Findings suggest that barriers impacting access to HIV prevention, testing, and linkage-to-care services are remarkably similar and point to the need for comprehensive approaches to improving youth’s access services that address both individual-level barriers and extra-individual barriers simultaneously. Findings can be used to guide future research, programming, and interventions to reduce the disproportionate spread of HIV among U.S. youth. (Edited publisher abstract)
Can social workers mitigate the existential implications of an HIV diagnosis in the era of HAART?
- Author:
- LOPEZ Emile
- Journal article citation:
- European Journal of Social Work, 22(3), 2019, pp.499-510.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Whilst it is commonly recognised that highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) has increased the life expectancy of people living with HIV (PLWH), it has also presented a number of new challenges that appear to have altered the experience of living with HIV considerably. This paper argues that significant advances and innovations in medical treatments has led to the marginalisation of a number of psychological, social and economic needs that stem from receiving a diagnosis of HIV. Rather than continuing to ignore both these difficulties and the existential implications of a diagnosis – such as restructuring one's sense of self, control and future orientation – a specific and tailored social work response is required to support PLWH in regaining their sense of control and self-determination. The study is based on findings from a focus group of 15 PLWH and a further 5 in-depth interviews; it thereby seeks to give a voice to a group frequently marginalised within social work research, and accurately capture the lived experiences of PLWH in the era of HAART. (Edited publisher abstract)
Perceptions of HIV testing venues among men who have sex with men in London and the Midlands, United Kingdom
- Author:
- JASPAL Rusi
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Gay and Lesbian Social Services, 30(4), 2018, pp.336-355.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
Undiagnosed HIV and late HIV diagnosis increase the risk of poor disease prognosis in infected individuals and of onward HIV transmission. It is vital to encourage regular HIV testing among men who have sex with men (MSM), a group disproportionately affected by HIV. A sample of 18 MSM from London and the East Midlands in England were interviewed regarding their perceptions of testing in the following three contexts: genitourinary medicine (GUM) clinics, community settings, and at home using a self-testing kit. The data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Perceived stigma from health care professionals, fear of being seen by significant others, and delays in being attended to were seen as barriers to testing in GUM clinics. While community settings were viewed as more accepting of sexual identity, concerns around homophobia and HIV stigma impeded access to testing for some individuals. HIV self-testing alleviated confidentiality concerns, but interviewees doubted the accuracy of the test results and worried about the lack of social support in the event of a reactive test result. Recommendations are offered for improving the acceptability of HIV testing in these contexts. (Publisher abstract)
Sexual behaviors and perceptions of HIV risk in a multiethnic U.S. sample of women who have sex with women
- Authors:
- JACOBS Robin J., SKLAR Elliot M., KANE Michael N.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Social Service Research, 44(5), 2018, pp.614-623.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
This study investigated the sexual practices and perceptions of HIV risk in a national sample women who have sex with women (WSW). A multiethnic sample of 239 WSW aged 18–68 years attending GLBTQ pride events in three U.S. cities (Chicago, Atlanta, and Fort Lauderdale) completed an anonymous survey regarding their sexual behaviours, thoughts and perceptions of HIV risk. In the past 6 months, 18% of participants reported one or more male partners. Perception of HIV risk was associated with having more male partners (r = .244, p < .01), no primary relationship (r = .185, p < .01), shorter time with primary partners (r = .191, p < .05), multiple female partners (r = .169, p < .05), and a primary relationship with a man (r = .208, p < .01). Participants reported low levels of safer sex, but those who had sex with men reported using more protection with men compared with women. Most participants believed WSW could be at risk for HIV, but felt little personal risk. Understanding behaviours and perceptions of risk while taking into account the unique contexts of the lives of WSW from diverse communities may help guide the development of relevant, targeted public health interventions that address HIV-risk in this group. For the purpose of this paper, the authors define lesbians as homosexual women, or women who have sexual desire and relationships with other women. WSW are women who have, or have had, sex with women who may or may not self-identify as lesbian. (Edited publisher abstract)