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Witnessing domestic violence as a child and adulthood emotionality: do adults “feel” the consequences of exposure to partner abuse later in the life course?
- Authors:
- McKEE Jesse R., PAYNE Brian K.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Aggression Maltreatment and Trauma, 23(3), 2014, pp.318-331.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Using data from a random sample of telephone interviews, this study examines whether witnessing domestic abuse as a child influences their emotional outcomes as an adult, outside of specific psychological dimensions. In all, 375 adults from Virginia, USA participated in the survey and 67 of the respondents reported witnessing some form of physical violence between their parents. Findings revealed no differences between individual levels of emotionality for those who witnessed domestic violence as a child as compared to those who did not. Higher levels of emotionality were found for females. Theoretical implications for patriarchal theory and life-course criminology are presented. Suggestions for future research are also presented. (Edited publisher abstract)
Assessing the level of elder abuse knowledge preprofessionals possess: implications for the further development of university curriculum
- Authors:
- POLICASTRO Christina, PAYNE Brian K.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Elder Abuse and Neglect, 26(1), 2014, pp.12-30.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
Elder abuse is a multifaceted problem that requires interdisciplinary prevention and intervention strategies. An important question that arises is whether professionals are adequately prepared to address elder abuse in this collaborative network. This study assesses the levels of elder abuse awareness among social work, nursing, health professions, and criminal justice students in the United States. Specific attention is given to determining whether there are differences in the amount of exposure to elder abuse literature across the disciplines. The study involves the analysis of survey data collected from 202 students enrolled in health and human sciences classes at a large university. The course was required for all students who majored in criminal justice, social work, nursing, and health professions at the university. Results show that none of the preprofessional groups, on average, reported knowing enough about elder abuse. Implications for future practice and research are provided. (Edited publisher abstract)
Financial exploitation of older persons in adult care settings: comparisons to physical abuse and the justice system's response
- Authors:
- PAYNE Brian K., STRASSER Sheryl M.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Elder Abuse and Neglect, 24(3), 2012, pp.231-250.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
Previous studies have identified financial abuse as a common form of elder abuse. The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of elder financial exploitation cases perpetrated against older people receiving long term care. Also investigated is the way that the processing of elder financial exploitation cases by the criminal justice system can be distinguished from that of cases of elder physical abuse. A sample of 242 elder financial abuse cases and 314 elder physical abuse cases handled by Medicaid Fraud Control Units were selected and analysed. The results show that a wide range of elder financial exploitations cases are committed. While the characteristics of elder financial abuse are similar in terms of the gender of the offender and victim, victims tend to be older, and offenders tend to come from a broader range of occupations. Four aspects of elder financial exploitation make it particularly troublesome: multiple victims, health issues, offense duration, and lack of witnesses. Comparison of the criminal penalties applied shows that the justice system views financial offenses equally serious to, if not more serious than, physical abuse cases. Implications for policy, practice and research are provided.
Neighborhood disadvantage and refusal of formal services among cases reported to adult protection services
- Authors:
- GAINEY Randy R., PAYNE Brian K., KROPF Nancy
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Evidence-Based Social Work, 7(4), July 2010, pp.348-360.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
The study described in this article addressed interactions between caregivers' service utilisation, neighbourhood context, and the presence of Alzheimer's disease and/or dementia, and considered whether neighbourhood disadvantage influences decisions to reject formal services among cases reported to Adult Protective Services. The data analysed were collected from Adult Protective Services case files from 3 cities in Virginia. The results suggested that some city and neighbourhood characteristics influence types of acceptance of formal services, and in particular that neighbourhood disadvantages influence refusal of services among clients with Alzheimer's and/or dementia but not cases in which dementia is not present. The authors discuss the findings and their implications.
Mapping elder mistreatment cases: interactions between mistreatment, dementia, service utilization, access to services, and disadvantage
- Authors:
- PAYNE Brian K., GAINEY Randy R.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 19(8), December 2009, pp.1025-1041.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
Typical explanations of elder mistreatment have focused on individual-level models. This article considers the broader environmental factors that may contribute to mistreatment, burden, and decisions to utilise available services. The study used geographic information system (GIS) technology to investigate the neighbourhood context in which reports of elder mistreatment were made to protective services. It also investigated whether reports of elder mistreatment involving Alzheimer’s were distributed differently from other cases. Data was gathered from 751 adult protective services case files from 3 cities in southeastern Virginia, and GIS technology was used to plot the distribution of elder mistreatment by the presence of dementia. The results suggest that Alzheimer's cases are distributed differentially across cities and that in 1 city reports primarily come from disadvantaged areas. The results also suggest that clients from disadvantaged areas are more likely to refuse services. Implications for policy, theory, and future research are provided.
Challenges to doing sexual violence work
- Authors:
- PAYNE Brian K., BUTTON Deanna, RAPP Laura
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Aggression Maltreatment and Trauma, 17(3), 2008, pp.374-393.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
This survey-based study considers how 43 sexual assault workers in the USA (27 directors of crisis centres and 16 workers) define the challenges of serving the victims of sexual assault. Three major themes were identified: lack of resources and funding problems; misunderstanding in society at large (including the criminal justice system) about the nature and impact of sexual violence; and victim blaming by the police, judiciary, juries and others. Improved knowledge and awareness of sexual violence are clearly needed, and possible strategies are discussed. (Copies of this article are available from: Haworth Document Delivery Centre, Haworth Press Inc., 10 Alice Street, Binghamton, NY 13904-1580).
Social services workers and workplace violence
- Authors:
- RESPASS Gina, PAYNE Brian K.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Aggression Maltreatment and Trauma, 16(2), 2008, pp.131-143.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Among the factors that have been identified as increasing the likelihood of experiencing workplace violence are working alone, contact with the public and travelling to dangerous areas. All are likely to be faced by social workers. US national data are used to examine trends in workplace violence, and show that social workers are nearly six times more likely than workers in comparable fields of practice (e.g. home health care, nursing) to experience this problem. Training, management and practical strategies for countering workplace violence are discussed. (Copies of this article are available from: Haworth Document Delivery Centre, Haworth Press Inc., 10 Alice Street, Binghamton, NY 13904-1580).
Workplace violence and worker injury in elderly care settings: reflective of a setting vulnerable to elder abuse
- Authors:
- PAYNE Brian K., APPEL Jonathan K.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Aggression Maltreatment and Trauma, 14(4), 2007, pp.43-56.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Many incidents of injury, assault, and abuse occur in health care settings. To better examine the situational context of the workplace, this paper examines whether workers providing care to elderly persons experience injuries that are consistent with the "for-profit" and "interpersonal conflict" explanations of elder abuse or neglect. Using data from the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics results indicate that nursing home workers and home health care workers have higher rates of workplace injuries resulting from assaults and overexertion than do other workers. The data suggest that there are unique structural and situational factors present in the nursing home, which create a work setting vulnerable to conflict, violence, and elder abuse. (Copies of this article are available from: Haworth Document Delivery Centre, Haworth Press Inc., 10 Alice Street, Binghamton, NY 13904-1580).
Understanding differences in opinion and 'facts' between ombudsmen, police chiefs, and nursing home directors
- Author:
- PAYNE Brian K.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Elder Abuse and Neglect, 13(3), 2001, pp.61-77.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
Past research has considered whether those involved in responding to elder abuse perceive and respond to elder abuse in similar ways. The current research builds on this past research by considering whether differences between the groups are based on opinions or misperceptions. Surveys of 119 police chiefs and 73 nursing home directors were gathered and analyzed. Results suggest that the differences between the groups are based more on misinformation (e.g., beliefs about crime patterns and the quality of nursing homes) rather than opposing philosophies (e.g., beliefs about issues that stem from individuals' values).
An empirical examination of the characteristics, consequences, and causes of elder abuse in nursing homes
- Authors:
- PAYNE Brian K., CIKOVIC Richard
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Elder Abuse and Neglect, 7(4), 1995, pp.61-74.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
Examines the characteristics, consequences, and potential causes of patient abuse in US nursing homes. Using standard thematic content analysis, incidents of abuse reported to Medicaid Fraud Control Units throughout the nation were reviewed. Results suggest that the presence of a witness, gender of the offender in relation to the victim, and job-related factors have important implications in the prevention of nursing home patient abuse.