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Comparing the effectiveness of home-based and group-care programs for children and young people: the challenge and path forward
- Authors:
- HUEFNER Jonathan C., AINSWORTH Frank
- Journal article citation:
- Residential Treatment for Children and Youth, 39(1), 2022, pp.3-15.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
It is not unusual to see research studies or published opinion pieces that claim to demonstrate that home-based interventions (HBI) are more effective than group-care (GC) programs for young people with emotional and behavioral difficulties. The claim about the comparative effectiveness of HBIs in contrast to GC programs can only be true if they serve the same population of young people by age, gender, and degree of emotional and behavioral difficulties and that the outcomes for HBIs are statistically significantly better than those for GC. There is a long-standing argument between those who think that GC programs are unnecessary in comparison to those who think a mature child welfare system will always need some GC programs, albeit for a few young people with extreme difficulties. This article explores this issue in terms of how legitimate comparisons can be made between these two forms of service and how case-mix adjustment provides an established method for doing this. The purpose is to move away from ideological posturing by advocates from either side of the argument and put the debate about these forms of service and their effectiveness onto a firmer evidence base. (Edited publisher abstract)
A house burden score: measuring the workload in therapeutic residential care for young people
- Authors:
- AINSWORTH Frank, MASTRONARDI Paul
- Journal article citation:
- Residential Treatment for Children and Youth, 38(4), 2021, pp.339-345.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
This article is about using data from the Strengths and Difficulties questionnaire to develop a house burden score as a way of measuring the workload of a therapeutic residential care program. The development of the score ensures that residential placement selection is based on empirical data rather than on the often-used criteria of ‘where is there a vacancy?’ It may also curb comments by inexperienced staff such as ‘our house has the most difficult young people, whereas yours are easy’. The aim of the score is to ensure that a residential program is not overburdened with too many children and young people with complex emotional and behavioral difficulties to the extent that this result is a sub-standard service for all young people. (Edited publisher abstract)
Commentary: recognizing the value of the milieu in therapeutic residential care for children and youth
- Authors:
- HUEFNER Jonathan, AINSWORTH Frank
- Journal article citation:
- Residential Treatment for Children and Youth, 38(3), 2021, pp.324-335.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
Therapeutic residential care differs markedly from other forms of out-of-home care for children and youth. Support for the view that therapeutic residential care needs to be a milieu approach that leverages all interactions in the living environment to achieve a beneficial emotional and behavioral experience for children and youth is presented. A therapeutic milieu has the advantage of maintaining focus on what is in the best clinical interest for a child by aligning and coordinating all interactions and activities. We provide a rationale for a milieu-based foundation for therapeutic residential care that consists of five elements: care, treatment, nurturing, teaching, and order. Attending to milieu as defined will provide a sound foundation upon which effective and well-implemented treatment can be fully expressed. (Edited publisher abstract)
Doing harm while doing good: the child protection paradox
- Authors:
- AINSWORTH Frank, HANSEN Patricia
- Journal article citation:
- Child and Youth Services, 33(2), April 2012, pp.146-157.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
Australian citizens expect state and territory governments to protect children from child abuse and neglect. Protecting children from harm is seen as good. This however is not a simple matter. The ultimate act in protecting children is to remove them from parental care. This causes trauma for the child and pain and distress for parents no matter how inadequately they may have been caring for their children. In that respect removing a child from parental care does harm to parents and children. This article explores the paradox of doing harm while doing good. The article has an Australian focus but this issue affects child protection services in many countries. The article includes sections on: children’s and parent’s rights; acknowledging the harm that is done; helping or harming; acknowledging the good that is done; and a re-emphasis on balanced practice;
The experience of parents of children in care: the human rights issue
- Authors:
- AINSWORTH Frank, HANSEN Patricia
- Journal article citation:
- Child and Youth Services, 32(1), January 2011, pp.9-18.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
It is important that parents of children within the child protection system are dealt with fairly and humanely irrespective of whether there is evidence of child abuse or neglect. However, a large body of international literature about birth parents' negative experience of child protection services exists. This article reviews some of this literature before adding recent Australian materials to it. It argues that the over-reliance on the best interest of the child construct is the base from which these negative experiences emanate. The article suggests that in adopting this construct parents' rights have been removed in favour of children's rights, potentially violating parents' human rights. The article concludes that such an approach lacks balance, as human rights are inalienable and cannot be the exclusive property of only one of the two parties.
Creating and sustaining a culture of group care
- Authors:
- AINSWORTH Frank, FULCHER Leon C.
- Journal article citation:
- Child and Youth Services, 28(1/2), 2006, pp.151-176.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
Group care is defined as any form of institutional or day care designed to provide living, learning, treatment or supervisory opportunities for children or young people who need alternative, substitute or supplementary care. It may operate in health care, educational, social welfare or criminal justice settings. Group care centres need to establish an organisational climate, ethos or culture of caring that is consistent with the objective of nurturing learning and social development. This is achieved through organisational design, the physical location, design and environment of the centre, team functioning and group development, and the individual worker. In discussing each of these issues, the authors conclude with practical questions that social workers can ask themselves to identify whether organisation and practice in their own centre supports its overall aims.(Copies of this article are available from: Haworth Document Delivery Centre, Haworth Press Inc., 10 Alice Street, Binghamton, NY 13904-1580).
Group care practice with children revisited
- Authors:
- FULCHER Leon C., AINSWORTH Frank
- Journal article citation:
- Child and Youth Services, 27(1/2), 2005, pp.1-26.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
Using a comparative analysis group care for children and young people is examined as an occupational focus, as a field of study and as a domain of practice in programs that range from residential institutions to group homes and kin group foster care. Structural issues that shape the interplay between organizational dynamics and interpersonal processes are considered, as well as the ways in which group care services have evolved historically and continue to feature prominently in the health, education, justice and welfare systems of both developed and developing countries. (Copies of this article are available from: Haworth Document Delivery Centre, Haworth Press Inc., 10 Alice Street, Binghamton, NY 13904-1580).
Group care practitioners as family workers
- Author:
- AINSWORTH Frank
- Journal article citation:
- Child and Youth Services, 27(1/2), 2005, pp.75-86.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
This article sets out a rationale and provides a model for family work by group care practitioners. In doing so it points out that practitioners will need to avoid parent blaming attitudes and become family-cantered rather than simply child-focused. Thus the critical issues to be addressed are how to ensure that a group care programs from an organization, policy, and practice perspective congruent with a family-cantered model . If it is not, then a program is unlikely to be able to work successfully with birth parents and family members. Birth parents and family members will instead feel alienated and, as a result, are unlikely to cooperate with the group care program and the practitioner workforce. In fact, the program will have failed to incorporate family members into the care and treatment plan and to work with them as partners in this process even when it is in the best interest of a child or youth. (Copies of this article are available from: Haworth Document Delivery Centre, Haworth Press Inc., 10 Alice Street, Binghamton, NY 13904-1580).
Social workers' views of parents of emotionally disturbed children: replicating a US study
- Authors:
- AINSWORTH Frank, HANSEN Patricia
- Journal article citation:
- Australian Social Work, 53(3), September 2000, pp.37-44.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
This article reports the results of a survey of Australian Association of Social workers (AASW) members in relation to their views of parents of emotionally disturbed children. The survey involved a random sample of AASW members. The study was conducted in order to see if there was any similarity in the views of United States (US) and Australian social workers in regard to their view of these parents. The data from the Australian sample using the US providers' Beliefs About Parents (PBAP) instrument did not support the conclusions of the study in the US. This result emphasises the importance of replication studies when transferring measurement instruments from one country to another.
Kinship care: false dawn or new hope
- Authors:
- AINSWORTH Frank, MALUCCIO Anthony
- Journal article citation:
- Australian Social Work, 51(5), December 1998, pp.3-8.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
This article draws attention to the increased use of kinship care as an form of out-of-home care for children in Australia. It presents the findings of recent United States research on family reunification from kinship care and on the outcome of kinship care versus nonrelative foster care.