Search results for ‘Publisher:"sage"’ Sort:
Results 1 - 10 of 282
A social-cognitive investigation of young adults who abuse their parents
- Authors:
- SIMMONS Melanie, McEWAN Troy E., PURCELL Rosemary
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 37(1-2), 2022, pp.NP327-NP349.
- Publisher:
- Sage
Within the past decade, there has been an increase in research focusing on young people who abuse their parents. However, most research has narrowly focused on adolescent children, neglecting to investigate the nature, pattern, and factors related to child-to-parent abuse perpetrated by young adults. This article integrated two complementary social-cognitive theories of aggression to explore factors associated with perpetration of child-to-parent abuse among university students (N = 435, aged 18–25 years). Participants completed the Abusive Behavior by Children–Indices, a self-report measure that was designed to differentiate abusive and normative child-to-parent behavior. The results highlight that abuse is not limited to adolescent children, as one in seven young adults were categorized as abusive toward a parent over the previous 12 months. Sons were more likely than daughters to report abusing their parents. Specifically, sons disclosed greater rates of father abuse than daughters, but similar rates of mother abuse. Hierarchical logistic regression found that exposure to marital violence, parent-to-child aggression, trait anger, and aggressive scripts were significant predictors of both mother and father abuse. However, other factors related to abuse differed according to which parent was the target of abuse. For instance, male sex was a significant predictor of father abuse, whereas rumination and impulsive emotional regulation were significant predictors of mother abuse. Overall, father abuse was better explained by the model than mother abuse. The results suggest that although factors related to general aggressive behavior may be good predictors for father abuse, additional factors may be needed to explain mother abuse. (Edited publisher abstract)
Exploring the impact of child maltreatment and interparental violence on violent delinquency in an international sample
- Authors:
- STEKETEE Majone, AUSSEMS Claire, MARSHALL Ineke Haen
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 36(13-14), 2021, pp.NP7319-NP7349.
- Publisher:
- Sage
Young people are exposed to violence regularly in their homes, schools, and communities. Such exposure can cause them significant physical, mental, and emotional harm, with long-term effects lasting well into adulthood. Of particular concern is violence within the family, where children are victimized by their parents. Research shows that direct and indirect childhood exposure to violence and maltreatment within the family increases the risk of subsequent violent delinquent behavior. Social learning theory and attachment theory place parenting at the center of the “cycle of violence,” and “intergenerational transmission of violence” claims that experiencing violence in childhood will lead to the perpetration of violence in adolescence. Although much research has been done, these assertions have never been tested on a large international sample of young people. The current article fills this void by analyzing surveys completed by 57,892 students who were 12 to 16 years old from 25 countries as part of the International Self-Report Delinquency Study (ISRD3). Structural equation modeling (SEM) is used to test the direct and indirect effects of child maltreatment and interparental violence on self-reported violent delinquency. Mediating effects are proposed for attachment to parents, parental social control (measured by parental knowledge, parental monitoring, and child disclosure), and parental moral authority. Analysis suggests direct effects of child maltreatment and interparental violence, as well as mediating effects of parental monitoring, parental knowledge, and parental moral authority. Child disclosure and attachment to parents do not affect violent juvenile offending. Being a victim of both child maltreatment and interparental violence is found to exacerbate the effect on violent offending. The results support the cross-national generalizability of the “cycle of violence” argument that children tend to reproduce the behavior of their parents. (Edited publisher abstract)
Validity of risk assessment instruments among juveniles who sexually offended: victim age matters
- Authors:
- KRAUSE Chiara, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Sexual Abuse a Journal of Research and Treatment, 33(4), 2021, pp.379-405.
- Publisher:
- Sage
Research has identified meaningful subtypes among the heterogeneous population of juveniles who sexually offended (JSO). However, studies that test the validity of risk assessment tools with JSO subtypes are limited. This study compared JSO who offended against a child victim (JSO-C) and JSO who offended against an adolescent/adult victim (JSO-A) with regard to rates of recidivism and the predictive validity of two risk assessment tools (Estimate of Risk of Adolescent Sexual Offense Recidivism [ERASOR] and Juvenile Sexual Offender Assessment Protocol-II [J-SOAP-II]). Data were analyzed from case files of 185 JSO-C and 297 JSO-A aged 12 to 18 years (M = 14.11, SD = 1.44) from a consecutive sample of JSO with contact sexual offenses. A total of 34 (7.1%) juveniles reoffended sexually, with no significant difference between the subtypes. The present results suggest that the ERASOR, particularly the structured professional judgment, and to a lesser degree the J-SOAP-II are better suited to predicting sexual recidivism in JSO-A than in JSO-C. (Edited publisher abstract)
Peer relations and delinquency among girls in foster care following a skill-building preventive intervention
- Authors:
- HU Alana, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Child Maltreatment, 26(2), 2021, pp.205-215.
- Publisher:
- Sage
There is evidence that risk for delinquency is elevated among girls with foster care histories, and one correlate of delinquency is affiliating with peers who engage in delinquent behavior. Although intervention studies have shown positive effects of interventions that target delinquent peer affiliation on reductions in delinquency among adolescents with juvenile justice histories, the success of such interventions for younger girls in foster care, without prior involvement with juvenile justice, is unknown. We analyzed data from a randomized clinical trial of the middle school version of the Keep Safe intervention in a sample of girls in foster care (n = 100). The intervention was delivered to girls and foster parents during the transition to middle school. Path analysis suggested a significant intervention effect on reduction in affiliation with delinquent peers at 12 months (B = −.21). No significant mediation effects were identified. The middle school Keep Safe intervention shows promise as a preventative intervention for reducing affiliation with delinquent peers, which importantly is associated with adolescent delinquent behavior. Implications for researchers and professionals who tailor and deliver evidence-based programs for girls in foster care are discussed. (Edited publisher abstract)
Diversion, rights and social justice
- Author:
- SMITH Roger
- Journal article citation:
- Youth Justice, 21(1), 2021, pp.18-32.
- Publisher:
- Sage
This article draws on historical understandings and contemporary models of diversion in order to develop a critical framework and agenda for progressive practice. The argument essentially revolves around the contention that typically diversionary interventions have been constrained by the contextual and ideological frames within which they operate. They have in some cases been highly successful in reducing the numbers of young people being drawn into the formal criminal justice system; however, this has largely been achieved pragmatically, by way of an accommodation with the prevailing logic of penal practices. Young people have been diverted at least partly because they have been ascribed a lesser level of responsibility for their actions, whether by virtue of age or other factors to which their delinquent behaviour is attributed. This ultimately sets limits to diversion, on the one hand, and also offers additional legitimacy to the further criminalisation of those who are not successfully ‘diverted’, on the other. By contrast, the article concludes that a ‘social justice’ model of diversion must ground its arguments in principles of children’s rights and the values of inclusion and anti-oppressive practice. (Edited publisher abstract)
Reconnecting youth: beyond individualized programs and risks
- Authors:
- MYERS Randy, GODDARD Tim, DAVIDTZ Jennifer
- Journal article citation:
- Youth Justice, 21(1), 2021, pp.55-70.
- Publisher:
- Sage
Presently in the United States, cognitive behavioral approaches are thought to be one of the most effective ways to intervene in the lives of young people in trouble with the law. However, such individualized approaches to youth in trouble with the law, and the risk-based logics that accompany them, say some, often ignore the relationships that young people have with caregivers, as well as the broader social ecological, economic and political contexts within which those relationships develop. Once the individual change work is completed, young people must have productive roles and supportive relationships to return to, especially if we want youth justice practice to translate into justice for youth. Given that meaningful attachments with others serve as the primary context within which individuals learn to regulate emotions and behaviors, youth justice policy and practice ought to seek to repair the capacity to attach and relate –and broader social policy reforms must address the social and economic inequalities that make the adversity and harm that undermine that capacity more likely. In this article, we discuss the limitations of over-relying on skills-based therapies and examine how the neglect of social, material and relational contexts can undermine the meaning and effectiveness of youth justice interventions. Following this, we describe how a youth justice system that attends to relational needs and structural inequalities might better meet the needs of young people. (Edited publisher abstract)
Supporting children’s resettlement (‘Reentry’) after custody: beyond the risk paradigm
- Authors:
- HAZEL Neal, BATEMAN Tim
- Journal article citation:
- Youth Justice, 21(1), 2021, pp.71-89.
- Publisher:
- Sage
In response to policy concerns in England and Wales and internationally, a considerable knowledge base has identified factors statistically associated with reduced recidivism for children leaving custodial institutions. However, despite resulting guidance on how to support resettlement (‘reentry’), practice and outcomes remain disappointing. We argue that this failure reflects weaknesses in the dominant ‘risk paradigm’, which lacks a theory of change and undermines children’s agency. We conceptualise resettlement as a pro-social identity shift. A new practice model reinterprets existing risk-based messages accordingly, and crucially adds principles to guide a child’s desistance journey. However, successful implementation may require the model to inform culture change more broadly across youth justice. (Edited publisher abstract)
Applying Sen’s capabilities approach to the delivery of positive youth justice
- Authors:
- WILLIAMS Katherine S., DANIEL Heddwen
- Journal article citation:
- Youth Justice, 21(1), 2021, pp.90-106.
- Publisher:
- Sage
Since 2000 the Welsh Government’s (WG) policy has been to provide rights and entitlements to all children in Wales. However, this is not fully implemented partly due to an underspecified meaning of ‘children first’ and ‘well-being’ and their role in relation to ‘justice’. We propose that clarity could be achieved through a novel exploitation of Amartya Sen’s capabilities approach to achieving social justice. This would require the identification and mitigation of socio-structural barriers which undermine the ability of a child to live a positive life, a life where they can meet their full potential without harm to themselves or others. (Edited publisher abstract)
A follow-up study on recidivism among adjudicated juveniles with special education in the juvenile correctional facility
- Authors:
- HO Taiping, ROCHELEAU Gregory C.
- Journal article citation:
- Youth Justice, 20(3), 2020, pp.328-343.
- Publisher:
- Sage
This study examines recidivism among adjudicated juveniles in special education programs in the juvenile correctional facility during the period of 2009–2015. There were two aims of this research: to conduct exploratory analyses of recidivism and to examine whether level of education relates to recidivism among this segment of juvenile offenders. Results revealed that 37.6 % of adjudicated juveniles with special education recidivated and that 52 % of those who recidivated were recommitted within 12 months of being released. Results from logistic regression also show that education failed to significantly predict recidivism once other factors were controlled for in multivariate analyses. (Edited publisher abstract)
Understanding children’s court processes and decisions: perceptions of children and their families
- Authors:
- SAUNDERS Bernadette J., LANSDELL Gaye, FREDERICK John
- Journal article citation:
- Youth Justice, 20(3), 2020, pp.272-292.
- Publisher:
- Sage
This article presents preliminary findings regarding children’s and families’ experiences of Children’s Court proceedings in which they are participants. The findings come from a systematic review of Australian and international qualitative literature in relation to how children and their families perceive and understand these court processes. The review reveals that we know little about children’s and parents’ perspectives. However, their insights are vital so that courts can reasonably address issues and concerns, give effect to obligations under the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) 1989 and foster a problem-solving, therapeutic court approach. (Edited publisher abstract)