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Impact of sources of strengths on coping and safety of immigrant survivors of intimate partner violence
- Authors:
- SABRI Bushra, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Affilia: Journal of Women and Social Work, 37(1), 2022, pp.118-135.
- Publisher:
- Sage
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a national and international public health and human rights concern. Immigrant women are disproportionately affected by IPV that includes homicides. This study explored the perspectives of survivors of IPV, who are immigrants to the United States, regarding their sources of strength that enhance their safety and promote coping in abusive relationships. Data for this qualitative study were collected from ethnically diverse immigrant women residing in Massachusetts, Arizona, Virginia, Washington, D.C., New York, Minnesota, and California, using purposive and snowball sampling techniques. Eighty-three in-depth interviews were conducted with adult immigrant survivors of IPV who self-identified as Asian (n = 30), Latina (n = 30), and African (n = 23). Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Women identified both external (e.g., community support, support from social service agencies) and internal (e.g., optimism, faith, beliefs) sources of strength. The study highlights how these sources can adequately address needs of survivors and offers areas for improvement in services for survivors. The findings are informative for practitioners serving immigrant survivors of IPV in legal, social service, and physical and mental health settings. (Edited publisher abstract)
Intimate partner violence survivors’ housing needs and preferences: a brief report
- Authors:
- RIZO Cynthia Fraga, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 37(1-2), 2022, pp.958-972.
- Publisher:
- Sage
Intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization contributes to homelessness and housing insecurity for survivors and their children. Despite growing interest in expanding strategies for addressing the housing needs of survivors, there is a dearth of knowledge regarding survivors’ preferences and recommendations. To begin to address knowledge gaps, this article reports findings from a qualitative study examining the housing needs of IPV survivors and survivors’ preferences and recommendations for addressing their housing needs. In-depth interviews with 19 adult IPV survivors in a southeastern community determined three key themes: (a) IPV housing needs and challenges, (b) domestic violence shelter strengths and concerns, and (c) recommendations for addressing survivors’ housing needs. The findings highlight the need for flexibility and variability in housing services as opposed to a one-size-fits-all strategy, and stress the importance of centering the voices of survivors as the field explores new housing directions. (Edited publisher abstract)
“And I let it all out”: survivors’ sibling sexual abuse disclosures
- Authors:
- TENER Dafna, KATZ Carmit, KAUFMANN Yael
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 36(23-24), 2021, pp.11140-11164.
- Publisher:
- Sage
There is consensus in child sexual abuse (CSA) literature with respect to the central role of the disclosure process. However, CSA disclosure is challenging for all children, those who have experienced intrafamilial abuse. In recent years, there has been growing research into sibling sexual abuse (SSA), which is a prevalent and severe, but also the least studied form of intrafamilial CSA. This study was designed to advance theory on SSA disclosure by examining the narratives of adults who have disclosed the abuse and discuss it with reference to the perceived role of disclosure recipients - including perpetrating siblings, parents, and professionals. In-depth interviews with 25 adults were conducted and analyzed thematically. The results highlighted the significance of disclosure for survivors, as well as the central roles played by significant others in the process, including the offending and nonoffending siblings, parents, and professionals. The discussion addresses the important role of the family system in the disclosure narratives. The conclusions point to the need of all actors taking part in the disclosure itself, as well as in the survivors’ lives postdisclosure, to become “better” disclosure recipients by acknowledging survivors’ needs. This in turn would also empower survivors to disclose their stories and cope with the potential familial and societal ramifications of their disclosure. (Edited publisher abstract)
When child welfare caseworkers intervene, do women surviving IPV obtain recommended services?
- Authors:
- CHENG Tyrone C., LO Celia C.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 36(21-22), 2021, pp.NP11446-NP11463.
- Publisher:
- Sage
This study looked at 991 women surviving intimate partner violence (IPV), exploring several factors in their receipt of IPV services through the child welfare system. A secondary data analysis, the research used longitudinal data from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being II, was conducted to evaluate the relationship between receiving IPV services and child welfare intervention and between such receipt and demographic characteristics. Women in the sample had been substantiated for maltreatment and had lifetime experience of IPV; 15% of these women had received IPV services. Generalized estimation equation results showed likelihood of receiving services increased when the case plan specified needed IPV services. Biological/adoptive mothers retaining custody of children were relatively unlikely to receive IPV services, as were lower income women. Receipt of services was relatively unlikely at the third-wave interview compared with the first-wave interview, but no difference in likelihood of receiving services was found between first- and second-wave interviews. In addition, likelihood of receiving services was not associated here with the number of recent IPV episodes, IPV maltreatment, mother’s perceived engagement with caseworker, and mother’s race/ethnicity, employment, and education. Some implications for practice are discussed. (Edited publisher abstract)
A qualitative study of the perspectives of domestic violence survivors on behavior change programs with perpetrators
- Authors:
- McGINN Tony, TAYLOR Brian, McCOLGAN Mary
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 36(17-18), 2021, pp.NP9364-NP9390.
- Publisher:
- Sage
This study investigated the process of change in intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetrators through in-depth interviews with their (ex-)partners. Programs designed to help perpetrators change their behavior, have yet to be endorsed by rigorous evaluation. In this context, this study explored survivors’ perspectives for direction on how these programs might be further developed. Interviews were conducted with 18 IPV survivors, who had recently had the experience of having a (ex-)partner complete a perpetrator program. The study employed iterative data collection and analysis, in keeping with the grounded theory approach to qualitative research. Researchers used secondary coding to enhance study rigor. Lines of enquiry which were relevant to perpetrator program development were identified in an expert review of interim findings, after nine interviews. Survivors described change on a spectrum, from highly significant change, through uncertainty about change, to harmful change. Some survivors described their subscription to new standards of family safety, following the support and time-out they had been afforded during their partners’ treatment. Study findings give us pause to consider what we can realistically hope to achieve through traditionally formatted psycho-educative group-work programs with perpetrators. Survivors described the need for long-term sustained change in perpetrators and genuine feelings of safety for themselves and their children. We discuss the role the current perpetrator programs might play in achieving these aims and point toward the inadequacy of commonly used behavior-counting tools in program evaluations. Based on the current study findings, we suggest that perpetrator programs can become perpetrator centric, and stray from their original conceptualisation as just one part of an integrated response to IPV. We lend support to calls for the use of survivor safety, and well-being measures, in program evaluations. (Publisher abstract)
Talking to others about sexual assault: a narrative analysis of survivors’ journeys
- Authors:
- YUEN Bonnie, BILLINGS Jo, MORANT Nicola
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 36(17-18), 2021, pp.NP9714-NP9737.
- Publisher:
- Sage
Previous research suggested the benefits for sexual assault survivors to talk about their trauma and its mental health implications, but it remained unclear what steps sexual assault survivors need to take to be able to have these conversations. To address this gap in the literature, this study aims to explore the journeys of sexual assault survivors with the use of narrative interviews to retain the richness of the data. This study reports the findings of a narrative analysis of the accounts of six female sexual assault survivors aged between 20 and 38. The analysis provides an individual case profile for each participant, the core aspects and tone of each narrative, and a cross-case analysis. The cross-case analysis reveals an overarching theme of “the bumpy journey” within which the individual difficulties encountered are examined. The analysis also reveals the two main factors that motivated the participant to strive to make a difference for other sexual violence survivors and to improve their mental health through talking about their experiences. The implications for services providing continuous and long-term support to sexual assault survivors and clinical practices are discussed. (Publisher abstract)
Trauma recovery is cultural: understanding shared and different healing themes in Irish and American survivors of gender-based violence
- Authors:
- SINKO Laura, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 36(13-14), 2021, pp.NP7765-NP7790.
- Publisher:
- Sage
Little research has focused on the trauma healing processes of survivors of gender-based violence (GBV) worldwide. Even less research has utilized cross-cultural comparison to understand shared or culturally-distinct healing goals, creating a gap in understanding how to provide adequate, culturally relevant, and trauma-informed care to survivors. The purpose of this study was to cross-culturally compare shared healing influences and themes of the trauma recovery process in samples of Irish and American female survivors of GBV. To gather healing data, an ethnographic narrative interview was used with 19 American and 12 Irish female survivors who self-identified as having experienced GBV. Thematic analysis was used to examine and compare desired healing outcomes, focusing on the definitions, influences, and meanings of healing experiences. Our analysis revealed shared healing objectives of reconnecting to the self, others, and the world. Within reconnecting with the self, shared themes included regaining control and feelings of competency. Within reconnecting to others, shared themes included building and maintaining relationships, living one’s life authentically, and feeling heard and understood. Within reconnecting to the world, shared themes included feelings of serenity, finding fulfillment, and having hope for a brighter future. Although these themes were shared, the way they manifested in each culture was often different. A vital component of the healing dynamic in the Irish sample was survivors’ mothering responsibilities and feelings of unconditional devotion to their children. Conversely, the American sample focused on personal growth and resolving feelings of weakness. This information reveals shared as well as cultural nuances of important healing objectives following GBV. The present study’s results can be used to create culturally sensitive and relevent healing spaces for survivors. These results can also inform intervention and messaging strategies aimed at promoting healing in these populations. (Edited publisher abstract)
Prevention of child sexual exploitation: insights from adult survivors
- Author:
- HURST Tamara E.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 36(13-14), 2021, pp.NP7350-NP7372.
- Publisher:
- Sage
This qualitative retrospective study explores the prevention of the commercial sexual exploitation of children (CSEC) from the perspectives of adult survivors. These participants represent a subsample (n = 17) of a larger sample of adult female survivors (n = 40) who took part in a research study concerning the influence of childhood emotional maltreatment on the vulnerability of CSEC. Participants learned of the study through CSEC-specific agencies and survivor listservs. All are United States’ citizens over the age of 18 years who were sexually exploited during their youth between the ages of 1 year and 17 years while residing in the United States. Six themes with relevance to vulnerability to recruitment and barriers to prevention emerged after analysis. These themes include difficulty trusting medical and mental health professionals; difficulty trusting law enforcement; protection of family members; self-destructive behaviors; a need for CSEC awareness in educational settings; and a need for CSEC awareness among at-risk youth. Extant literature previously identifies similar themes as areas of vulnerability to recruitment, however, these findings are specifically related to prevention programs. Implications for developing or improving prevention programs are discussed. (Edited publisher abstract)
“I love and hate him in the same breath”: relationships of adult survivors of sexual abuse with their perpetrating siblings
- Author:
- TENER Dafna
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 36(13-14), 2021, pp.NP6844-NP6866.
- Publisher:
- Sage
The term sibling sexual abuse (SSA) captures a broad continuum of sexual behaviors in childhood and adolescence that exceed the threshold of age-appropriate curiosity. Based on a sample of 15 adult survivors of SSA, this qualitative study examines experiences of relationships with perpetrating siblings during childhood and adulthood. Thematic analysis of semistructured qualitative interviews reveals two continua that characterize SSA survivors’ lives: the “reciprocity–coercion” continuum in childhood and the “distance–closeness” continuum in adulthood. Findings reveal that regardless of how the relationships were perceived in childhood, most participants chose to distance themselves from their perpetrating siblings as adults. Thus, even in cases where the relationships were considered mutual during childhood, reconceptualization of the abuse in adulthood led to renewed understanding of its meanings and implications for the survivors’ personal lives. Research findings underscore the need to further study the experiences of SSA survivors to better inform policy makers, therapists, and welfare workers, to address the complex and multifaceted nature of SSA, and to provide adequate interventions to survivors and other family members. (Edited publisher abstract)
Using technology to conduct focus groups with a hard-to-reach population: a methodological approach concerning male victims of partner abuse in four English-speaking countries
- Authors:
- DOUGLAS Emily M., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 36(9-10), 2021, pp.NP5257-NP5280.
- Publisher:
- Sage
Research shows that the experiences of male victims of partner abuse (PA) are often denied by the public and the professionals who are charged to support PA victims. Recruiting female victims for research on PA victimization is relatively easy because there are existing structures to serve this group of victims. Thus, male victims are considered a hard-to-reach (HTR) population, and studying them can be difficult. This article focuses on the use of technology to collect qualitative data from male PA victims in an international study focusing on male victims. The researchers used their own professional networks to recruit and screen a convenience sample of male victims of female-to-male PA, in four different English-speaking countries: Australia, Canada, England, and the United States. Four web-based, video-enabled, focus groups were held for each country—for a total of 12 groups and 41 male participants. This article addresses recruitment methods, the use of technology in data collection, protecting the confidentiality of male victims, methods for informed consent, and lessons learned to facilitate future research. (Edited publisher abstract)