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The broker role in societal activation of long-term welfare recipients: a jack of all trades?
- Authors:
- PREVO Lotte, JANSEN Maria, KREMERS Stef
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Social Work, 22(2), 2022, pp.460-478.
- Publisher:
- Sage
Summary: Socioeconomic status and health are strongly related to the ability of a person to participate in society. Acting upon activation and employment possibilities is difficult for several groups. One group described as especially hard to activate is long-term welfare recipients. In the current study, the role of an activation broker was studied as a supplementary practice to regular support practices. A qualitative research design using an analysis of the administrative logbook of the activation broker and interviews with professionals (n = 8) and long-term welfare recipients (n = 10) was carried out. To structure the retrieved data, the Activation Broker Wheel was developed. Findings: Seven core behaviours were identified and categorized in three determinants; capabilities, opportunities and motivation. Contextual factors supporting the activation broker approach were selected. The activation broker approach was found to be successful in activating long-term welfare recipients. Applications: The behaviours, determinants and context made visible within the Activation Broker Wheel provided insight into workable elements that may help future activation brokers to optimize their support. (Edited publisher abstract)
“The only way we’ll be successful”: organizational factors that influence psychosocial well-being and self-care among advocates working to address gender-based violence
- Authors:
- CAYIR Ebru, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 36(23-24), 2021, pp.11327-11355.
- Publisher:
- Sage
Advocates who work for nonprofit organizations (NPOs) that address gender-based violence (GBV) experience a wide range of psychosocial health and well-being risks due to the emotionally demanding nature of the work they engage in. Most recommendations for advocates’ self-care focus on individual-level activities, failing to hold the NPOs accountable for creating workplace cultures and practices that foster psychosocial well-being, self-care, and resilience among the advocates. The aim of this qualitative research was to further our understanding of organizational-level factors that influence psychosocial well-being and self-care practices among advocates who work for GBV-specific NPOs in a metropolitan area in the southeastern United States. We conducted in-depth interviews with 25 GBV-specific advocates. Constructivist grounded theory methods were used in coding and analyzing the data. Sixteen advocates identified as White, followed by five Black, two Hispanic, and two mixed-race/ethnicity. Mean age was 36 years. Most participants had a master’s degree (n = 16). Analysis of the data resulted in three major themes: (a) Management and Leadership Style, (b) Interpersonal Relationship Dynamics, and (c) Culture of Self-Care. The ways in which leaders established relationships with other advocates to accomplish organizational goals, how advocates developed a sense of camaraderie with their coworkers, and shared norms around self-care shaped advocates’ willingness and ability to engage in individual and collective self-care. Findings of this study highlight the role of GBV-specific NPOs in creating workplace cultures and practices that are conducive to engaging in self-care and developing resilience among the advocates. By fulfilling this responsibility, organizations would enable the advocates to not only survive, but thrive in their work and make even greater strides in the overall mission of GBV prevention. (Edited publisher abstract)
The combined roles of moral emotion and moral rules in explaining acts of violence using a situational action theory perspective
- Author:
- TRIVEDI-BATEMAN Neema
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 36(17-18), 2021, pp.8715-8740.
- Publisher:
- Sage
The roles of shame and guilt, and their relationships to empathy, have not been modeled adequately as key factors in moral decision-making in the study of violence. The role of moral emotion has been neglected in existing criminological research and this study seeks to develop current explanations of the comprehensive myriad of factors that play a role in moral crime decision-making. This research will test the different roles of empathy, shame, and guilt in violence decision-making using a situational action theory (SAT) perspective. Data taken from the Peterborough Adolescent and Young Adult Development Study (PADS+), a longitudinal study with a large representative sample, provide quantitative questionnaire indices to enable comparison of a persistent and frequent violent offender subsample (N = 48) with the remaining PADS+ study sample (N = 607). A striking majority of violent offenders report that they do not think it is wrong to commit violence, and do not care about it, that is, they lack shame and guilt, and report that violence comes as a morally acceptable and natural action alternative. Furthermore, violent offenders do not register the predicament of their victims; there is a distinct lack of empathy. This article demonstrates a key finding which has rarely been explored to date; regression analyses reveal an interaction effect whereby individuals with weak shame and guilt, combined specifically with weak moral rules, are more likely to commit acts of violence. The study findings provide strong support for the SAT of the role of weak morality in violence decision-making. To reduce the possibility of crime being seen as an action alternative, moral development programs should be developed and administered in childhood. (Publisher abstract)
Best practices for early bystander intervention training on workplace intimate partner violence and workplace bullying
- Authors:
- LASSITER Barbara J., BOSTAIN Nancy S., LENTZ Cheryl
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 36(11-12), 2021, pp.5813-5837.
- Publisher:
- Sage
The purpose of this study was to gain consensus from experts on the best practices that might be taken into account when developing early bystander intervention training programs to reduce both workplace intimate partner violence (WIPV) and workplace bullying (WB). A U.S. nationwide panel of 17 experts completed the qualitative five-round modified Delphi study. The experts were leaders or managers from business, government, not-for-profit, and academic organizations who exceeded the criteria to participate in the study. Research included the collection of data electronically to answer the research question: What do experts with experience in the area of workplace violence (WV), WB, or WIPV agree constitute the best practices that might be considered when developing a bystander training program to address WIPV or WB? In Rounds 1 and 2, participants provided their demographics and initial opinions about best practices. Likert-type scales were used as follows: Round 3, to rate agreement about which statements constituted best practices; Round 4, to rank order statements from Round 3; and Round 5, to rate the importance of each statement. Results were analyzed for top best practices. Three themes emerged: leadership, training, and people involved in the incident. Findings indicated that senior management must be committed to lead the way; that victims, targets, and bystanders need to be protected, and confidentiality must be maintained. The study was based on the concept of altruism and empathy that humans show to others experiencing crisis or suffering. Practical implications showed a clear emphasis on the critical need for leadership as the foundation for reducing all forms of violence in the workplace; training should instruct staff in how to identify WV, WB, and WIPV, when to intervene, and how to get help; and ensure that victims are treated in a supportive and caring manner. (Edited publisher abstract)
Lacking social skills: a social investment state’s concern for marginalized citizens’ ways of being
- Authors:
- PRIEUR Annick, JENSEN Sune Qvotrup, NIELSEN Vibeke Bak
- Journal article citation:
- Critical Social Policy, 40(4), 2020, p.608–626.
- Publisher:
- Sage
The Danish state is preoccupied with its citizens’ social skills, which are seen as important for the nations’ competitiveness. Such skills regard self-presentation, communication, emotional control etc. This article relies primarily on interviews with Danish social workers who are involved either in assessing young marginalized welfare clients’ personal readiness for schooling or employment or in preparing them for this through social skills training. Secondarily, it relies on fieldwork data from young Danes at the margins of the educational system and/or the labour market, who are frequently confronted with a devaluation of their personal ways of being. As personal resources related to ways of being, communicating, handling emotions etc. are ascribed social value, especially at the labour market they may work as a form of capital, while the lack of them may be a source of marginalization. These findings are discussed as signs of more general social normative demands, theoretically grasped in the meeting point of Bourdieu’s understanding of embodied cultural capital, of Skeggs’ analysis of how subjects are attributed value or not, and of Illouz’s investigation of the emotional demands contemporary capitalism puts on employees. Understanding the experiences of those who fail to comply with implicit social requirements for personal resources thus shed light on contemporary requirements regarding how to behave and communicate with other people as well as on the state’s investments in the most personal spheres of its citizens. (Edited publisher abstract)
Barriers and facilitators to the implementation of individual placement and support (IPS) for patients with offending histories in the community: the United Kingdom experience
- Authors:
- KHALIFA Najat, et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 83(3), 2020, pp.179-190.
- Publisher:
- Sage
Introduction: This study aimed to identify the barriers and facilitators to the implementation of a high fidelity individual placement and support service in a community forensic mental health setting. Method: In-depth interviews were conducted with clinical staff (n = 11), patients (n = 3), and employers (n = 5) to examine barriers and facilitators to implementation of a high fidelity individual placement and support service. Data was analysed using thematic analysis, and themes were mapped onto individual placement and support fidelity criteria. Results: Barriers cited included competing interests between employment support and psychological therapies, perceptions of patients’ readiness for work, and concerns about the impact of returning to work on welfare benefits. Facilitators of implementation included clear communication of the benefits of individual placement and support, inter-disciplinary collaboration, and positive attitudes towards the support offered by the individual placement and support programme among stakeholders. Offences, rather than mental health history, were seen as a key issue from employers’ perspectives. Employers regarded disclosure of offending or mental health history as important to developing trust and to gauging their own capacity to offer support. Conclusions: Implementation of individual placement and support in a community mental health forensic setting is complex and requires robust planning. Future studies should address the barriers identified, and adaptations to the individual placement and support model are needed to address difficulties encountered in forensic settings. (Edited publisher abstract)
Where’s the roadmap? The transition from student to professional for new Master of Social Work graduates
- Author:
- GLASSBURN Susan Lynn
- Journal article citation:
- Qualitative Social Work, 19(1), 2020, pp.142-158.
- Publisher:
- Sage
In 2015, more than 25,000 Master of Social Work (MSW) students in the U.S. graduated and embarked on their career, and while some studies have discussed this transition for undergraduates, few studies have focused solely on the school to work transition for MSWs. This grounded theory study focused on the professional journey of 27 new MSWs employed for less than 18 months. A conceptual five-stage model called Riding the Waves is proposed, which captures the transition experience. Implications for social work students, educators, and employers are discussed, including better preparing students for the transition, improving orientation and supervision, and providing the support that these new professionals require and deserve. (Publisher abstract)
Admiral Nurses delivering workplace clinics for family carers: innovative practice
- Authors:
- WEATHERHEAD Ian, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Dementia: the International Journal of Social Research and Practice, 19(2), 2020, pp.472-478.
- Publisher:
- Sage
Dementia UK and The Charity for Civil Servants teamed up to test the acceptability and feasibility of delivering a work-based Admiral Nurse clinic to support family carers during their employed working hours. This paper presents some of the learning from this innovative approach. (Edited publisher abstract)
Predicting policy performance: Can the Work and Health Programme work for chronically ill or disabled people?
- Author:
- BENSTEAD Stef
- Journal article citation:
- Critical Social Policy, 39(4), 2019, p.643–662.
- Publisher:
- Sage
Many developed countries consider that disability benefit receipt is too high and more disabled people should be in paid work. Employment programmes designed to achieve this have tended towards less financial support and more requirement to engage in activity. But emphasis on social inclusion through paid work coupled with inadequate benefits and mandated activity can cause distress and worsened health. It is therefore vital that politicians understand the likely impact of employment programmes before introducing them. In this article, a new framework based on five ‘Ds’ (diagnosis, destination, development, design and delivery) is used to analyse the UK’s Work and Health Programme. It is shown that the programme is likely to fail: it includes measures that do not work, and may cause harm, whilst ignoring measures that are known to work. Based on this, it is recommended that this programme be scrapped and the government start listening to disabled people. (Publisher abstract)
Preventing child sexual abuse: screening for hidden child molesters seeking jobs in organizations that care for children
- Authors:
- ABEL Gene G., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Sexual Abuse a Journal of Research and Treatment, 31(6), 2019, pp.662-683.
- Publisher:
- Sage
Approximately 10% of children and adolescents are sexually abused by adults caring for them outside the home. The current study tested the validity and reliability of a child protection screen to identify job applicants who pose a sexual risk to children. The screen uses three separate measures. In combination, they attempt to identify two types of sexually problematic job applicants: hidden abusers and people with cognitive distortions that encourage child sexual boundary violations by themselves or tolerate them by others. The high specificity (97.8% for males and 98.7% for females) favoured the high number of job applicants and volunteers who have not crossed sexual boundaries with children. The study included over 19,000 participants, and the screen correctly identified 77% of the men and over 72% of the women who posed a sexual risk. The test–retest correlation was statistically significant at r(121) = .83, and the screening methodology is valid and reliable. By identifying most of the job applicants who are hiding their history of sexually abusing a child or hiding their belief that adult–child sex causes no harm from the organisations they are attempting to join, this new preemployment screen methodology can help child-centred organisations protect children and adolescents in their care. (Edited publisher abstract)