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Impact of sources of strengths on coping and safety of immigrant survivors of intimate partner violence
- Authors:
- SABRI Bushra, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Affilia: Journal of Women and Social Work, 37(1), 2022, pp.118-135.
- Publisher:
- Sage
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a national and international public health and human rights concern. Immigrant women are disproportionately affected by IPV that includes homicides. This study explored the perspectives of survivors of IPV, who are immigrants to the United States, regarding their sources of strength that enhance their safety and promote coping in abusive relationships. Data for this qualitative study were collected from ethnically diverse immigrant women residing in Massachusetts, Arizona, Virginia, Washington, D.C., New York, Minnesota, and California, using purposive and snowball sampling techniques. Eighty-three in-depth interviews were conducted with adult immigrant survivors of IPV who self-identified as Asian (n = 30), Latina (n = 30), and African (n = 23). Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Women identified both external (e.g., community support, support from social service agencies) and internal (e.g., optimism, faith, beliefs) sources of strength. The study highlights how these sources can adequately address needs of survivors and offers areas for improvement in services for survivors. The findings are informative for practitioners serving immigrant survivors of IPV in legal, social service, and physical and mental health settings. (Edited publisher abstract)
Children in domestic violence shelters: does the feminist perspective collapse?
- Authors:
- COTE Isabelle, DAMANT Dominique, LAPIERRE Simon
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Social Work, 22(2), 2022, pp.422-439.
- Publisher:
- Sage
Summary: Even though an extensive body of literature on children has swept the field of domestic violence in the last 30 years, little is known about how domestic violence shelter workers understand children’s situations and how they intervene with them. This article seeks to address this gap in the literature, and presents the results of a study conducted with 48 advocates in the province of Québec (Canada). Findings: The data suggest that most of the participants adopt a child-centred perspective and consider the children in their own right during their stay. The accounts of the participants’ practices also reveal that they perceive children as being vulnerable and at-risk. With a moderate emphasis on vulnerability and risk, the participants tend to support the children alongside their mothers, while associating potential risks with the behaviour of the perpetrator of domestic violence. However, with a strong focus on vulnerability and risk, participants tend to cast aside the perpetrators’ behaviour and monitor the women-as-mothers during their stay while associating potential risk with their [in]actions under the circumstances. This can lead to mother-blaming, surveillance and more authoritarian interactions. Applications: The understanding of children living with domestic violence needs to remain rooted in a feminist analysis of violence against women in order to avoid some of the issues highlighted in the article. Furthermore, studies that seek to shed light on best social work practices when working with children in alliance with their mothers from a feminist perspective are crucially needed. (Edited publisher abstract)
Trauma exposure and domestic violence offending severity in a probation sample from post-conflict Northern Ireland
- Authors:
- TRAVERS Aine, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 37(3-4), 2022, pp.1566-1587.
- Publisher:
- Sage
Domestic violence is more common in post-conflict settings such as Northern Ireland. However, the extent to which trauma and related mental health problems are associated with domestic violence perpetration in the region has not yet been quantitatively assessed. The present study examines relationships between multiple traumas, mental health problems, and five indicators of domestic violence perpetration severity (causing injury, use of a weapon, breach of nonmolestation order, sexual violence, and previous police involvement). The unique risk associated with distinct types of trauma (i.e., childhood maltreatment or conflict related) was also investigated. Perpetrators’ case file data (n = 405) were analyzed using hierarchical logistic regression. The rates of recorded trauma exposure and mental health difficulties were 72.3% and 63.5%, respectively. The first logistic regression analyses showed that exposure to multiple traumas was associated with increased likelihood of perpetrating injurious and sexual violence, when controlling for the covariates (odds ratios [ORs] = 1.24-1.28). The second logistic regression analyses showed that childhood maltreatment was the only trauma type to confer unique risk, a relationship that was significant only for the outcome of perpetrating injurious violence (OR = 3.06). Substance misuse was also significantly associated with perpetration of injurious violence, use of weapons, and having past police involvement (ORs = 2.49-3.50). The accumulation of traumatic experiences and substance abuse appear to act as risk factors for some indicators of offending severity. Childhood maltreatment appears to confer particularly strong risk. The findings may support a focus on trauma and substance abuse as intervention targets in post-conflict settings. (Edited publisher abstract)
Facilitators to engagement in a mother-child therapeutic intervention following intimate partner violence
- Authors:
- FOGARTY Alison, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 37(3-4), 2022, pp.1796-1824.
- Publisher:
- Sage
Intimate partner violence (IPV) affects more than one in four children worldwide. Despite the growing evidence base for interventions addressing children’s IPV exposure, little is known about what assists families to engage with services. The current study sought to explore women’s perceptions of barriers and facilitators to accessing an intervention for their children following IPV. A total of 16 mothers who had engaged in a community-based, dyadic intervention for children exposed to IPV participated in the study. The Brief Relational Intervention and Screening (BRISC) is an evidenced informed program designed by Berry Street (Australia). A pilot of the intervention was implemented across one metropolitan and one regional site. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 16 mothers who had completed BRISC. Transcripts were analyzed in NVivo using thematic analysis. Key facilitators to initial engagement included strong referral pathways, clear information about the program, and initial phone contact from the service. Difficulty trusting services were identified as a key barrier to initial engagement. Facilitators of continued engagement included flexibility in service delivery, consistent and direct communication between sessions, and the therapeutic approach. Key barriers to sustained intervention engagement included children’s continued contact with their father, mothers’ experiences of guilt and blame, and the need for additional support for mothers’ own mental health. These findings highlight how service and clinician factors such as flexibility, therapeutic approaches, and communication can facilitate engagement for families affected by IPV. In addition, the study highlights the importance of including the voices of women in research to improve the acceptability of services for consumers. (Edited publisher abstract)
Predictors of family engagement in child post-traumatic stress disorder screening following exposure to intimate partner violence
- Authors:
- STYLIANOU Amanda M., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 37(3-4), 2022, pp.NP2012-NP2037.
- Publisher:
- Sage
Children’s exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) has numerous negative short- and long-term impacts on children’s development, mental health, physical health, and adult functioning. While community-based organizations have an array of interventions aimed to increase survivor safety and prevent the development of, or treat post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), many families experiencing IPV never enter the doors of community-based organizations. To address this gap, there is an increasing number of partnerships between community-based organizations and first responders to increase support to families experiencing IPV. The Child Trauma Response Team (CTRT) is an innovative model that provides a coordinated, immediate, trauma-informed, and interdisciplinary response to families exposed to IPV. Given the lack of research on coordinated community interventions, the research questions for this study were as follows: (a) What are the family sociodemographic factors, crime factors, and program services most associated with family engagement in child PTSD screening following exposure to IPV? (b) What are the family sociodemographic factors and crime factors most associated with children screening positive for PTSD following exposure to IPV? The data for this study consist of 244 families with 352 children identified by the pilot CTRT. The results of this study suggest that a collaborative intervention designed to address caregiver and children’s safety and well-being after a police-reported IPV incident is a promising model. Overall, more than 70% of children identified by the CTRT team completed a child PTSD screen, and 74.3% of children who completed the screens were screened positive for PTSD. The safety assessment service provided by the CTRT team was a predictor of the families’ engagement in child PTSD screens. This is a critical finding and suggests the importance of developing program models that comprehensively address the needs of caregivers and children exposed to IPV. (Edited publisher abstract)
Examining men’s experiences of abuse from a female intimate partner in four English-speaking countries
- Authors:
- DIXON Louise, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 37(3-4), 2022, pp.1311-1337.
- Publisher:
- Sage
This qualitative study explores the experiences of men who self-report victimization from a female intimate partner in four English-speaking countries. Forty-one men who reported any type of intimate partner abuse (IPA) from a female partner were recruited via targeted advertising in Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Twelve online focus groups were conducted across countries using a phenomenologically informed design. Thematic analysis was carried out from an inductive and realist epistemological position and themes identified at a semantic level. This approach was taken to directly reflect the men’s experiences and perspectives, ensuring the voices of this hard-to-reach and overlooked population were heard. Three themes were identified across the countries: an imbalanced experience of harm; living with sustained abuse; and knowledge is power for men experiencing IPA. It was found that most participants underwent physical harm in the context of coercive control and experienced abuse over long periods of time. They were slow to recognize the magnitude of their partners’ behavior and act upon it for a range of reasons that are described in detail. In addition, promoting knowledge about the victimization of men by women, using appropriate language and active learning, was found to be important in helping the men gain autonomy and agency to break the pattern of abuse and aid their recovery. The implications of the findings for developing male-friendly IPA policy, practice, and services are discussed, in addition to the need for innovative research methodology to access hard-to-reach populations. (Edited publisher abstract)
Slow scholarship for social work: a praxis of resistance and creativity
- Authors:
- WAHAB Stephanie, MEHROTRA Gita R., MYERS Kelly E
- Journal article citation:
- Qualitative Social Work, 21(1), 2022, pp.147-159.
- Publisher:
- Sage
Expediency, efficiency, and rapid production within compressed time frames represent markers for research and scholarship within the neoliberal academe. Scholars who wish to resist these practices of knowledge production have articulated the need for Slow scholarship - a slower pace to make room for thinking, creativity, and useful knowledge. While these calls are important for drawing attention to the costs and problems of the neoliberal academy, many scholars have moved beyond “slow” as being uniquely referencing pace and duration, by calling for the different conceptualizations of time, space, and knowing. Guided by post-structural feminisms, the researchers engaged in a research project that moved at the pace of trust in the integrity of their ideas and relationships. The case study aimed to better understand the ways macro forces such as neoliberalism, criminalization and professionalization shape domestic violence work. This article discusses a praxis of Slow scholarship by showcasing four specific key markers of Slow scholarship in the research; time reimagined, a relational ontology, moving inside and towards complexity, and embodiment. This paper discusses how Slow scholarship complicates how we understand constructs of productivity and knowledge production, as well as map the ways Slow scholarship offers a praxis of resistance for generating power from the epistemic margins within social work and the neoliberal academy. (Edited publisher abstract)
From abused to abuser, inevitably?: Female inmates accounting for identity categorizations to distance themselves from violence
- Author:
- VIROLAINEN Vera
- Journal article citation:
- Qualitative Social Work, 21(1), 2022, pp.71-90.
- Publisher:
- Sage
Female inmates have encountered a great deal of violence during their life course, in most cases starting from abuse in the childhood home. In this study, I examine the accounts given by seven Finnish female inmates who have a two-fold relationship with violence: they have both experienced and perpetrated it. Thus, they have fractured the culturally dominant categorization of woman as nurturing and peaceful. They have an ambivalent relationship with culturally dominant discourses that narrowly depict violent women as either victims or perpetrators. By applying membership categorization analysis, I examine the kinds of identities that participants construct for themselves as both abused and abusers. The women mobilised interrelated yet non-linear and complex categorizations of abused child, substance user, object of intimate violence, perpetrator of violence and inmate. They accounted for their membership in the abused child, substance user and object of intimate violence categorizations, and thus constructed narrative accounts about why they were drawn into the ‘deviant’ category memberships of perpetrator of violence and inmate. By emphasising the category memberships or by resisting them, the participants distanced their identities from violence and were able to establish themselves as moral subjects. (Edited publisher abstract)
The contextual influences of police and social service providers on formal help-seeking after incidents of intimate partner violence
- Authors:
- AUGUSTYN Megan Bears, WILLYARD Katherine Calle
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 37(1-2), 2022, pp.NP1077-NP1104.
- Publisher:
- Sage
Police notification and social service acquisition are two forms of formal help-seeking linked to improved outcomes among survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV), including better socio-emotional health, improved physical health, and, importantly, increased safety. The majority of research devoted to the study of formal help-seeking among survivors of IPV focuses on incident- and individual-level factors and their relationship with formal resource utilization. Much less is known about community-level factors. Using a nationally representative sample of incidents of IPV from the National Crime Victimization Survey (2006–2016), this work explores how law enforcement and social service resources in a community are related to police notification and survivor acquisition of a victim service after an incident of IPV, net of incident- and individual-level factors. Logistic regression models indicate that the number of law enforcement personnel per 1,000 residents in a county is positively associated with police notification after an incident of IPV, and it exerts an indirect effect on survivor service acquisition through police notification. Additional analyses reveal that the race/ethnicity of the survivor of IPV is a key demographic in the explanation of this relationship, as incidents of IPV involving White and Hispanic survivors of IPV are more likely to come to the attention of police as the number of law enforcement personnel increases. The reverse is true for incidents involving Black survivors of IPV. No differences across survivor sex emerged. Potential reasons to account for varying effects across race/ethnicity are discussed as well as the importance of additional funding for police and social service agencies to serve survivors of IPV and meet the dual goals of offender accountability and survivor safety and well-being. (Edited publisher abstract)
Intimate partner violence survivors’ housing needs and preferences: a brief report
- Authors:
- RIZO Cynthia Fraga, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 37(1-2), 2022, pp.958-972.
- Publisher:
- Sage
Intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization contributes to homelessness and housing insecurity for survivors and their children. Despite growing interest in expanding strategies for addressing the housing needs of survivors, there is a dearth of knowledge regarding survivors’ preferences and recommendations. To begin to address knowledge gaps, this article reports findings from a qualitative study examining the housing needs of IPV survivors and survivors’ preferences and recommendations for addressing their housing needs. In-depth interviews with 19 adult IPV survivors in a southeastern community determined three key themes: (a) IPV housing needs and challenges, (b) domestic violence shelter strengths and concerns, and (c) recommendations for addressing survivors’ housing needs. The findings highlight the need for flexibility and variability in housing services as opposed to a one-size-fits-all strategy, and stress the importance of centering the voices of survivors as the field explores new housing directions. (Edited publisher abstract)