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The relationship between cognitive function and performance in instrumental activities of daily living in older adults
- Authors:
- TOTH Cheryl, et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 85(2), 2022,
- Publisher:
- Sage
Introduction: Deficits in cognition have been found to be associated with problems in performing daily activities; however, it is unknown what specific domains of cognition are related to each daily activity. Method: Thirty-six occupational therapists identified the 20 most important instrumental activities of daily living for older adults and the cognitive demands required. Thirty-two older adults rated the perceived mental effort when performing these activities. They were assessed on their cognitive functions. Descriptive statistics were used to report the results. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to identify relationships between cognitive functions and perceived mental effort. Results: Activities relating to 'communication', 'financial management', 'health management' and 'safety and emergency management' require more cognitive demands. Results from the older adults showed the highest significant correlations in immediate memory and 'paying bills' (r = 0.54), delayed memory and 'following emergency procedures' and 'paying bills' (rs = 0.52), and executive functioning and 'making and keeping medical appointments' (r = -0.49). Conclusion: Findings contribute to the emerging understanding of specific cognitive domains related to the instrumental activities of daily living. The results can be used to reframe and improve intervention strategies for individuals with cognitive decline to maintain or improve performance in daily activities. (Edited publisher abstract)
How adopters’ and foster carers’ perceptions of ‘family’ affect communicative openness in post-adoption contact interactions
- Authors:
- MACLEOD Fiona, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Adoption and Fostering, 45(4), 2021, pp.430-441.
- Publisher:
- Sage
This article explores the constructions of communicative openness following adoption. Data from three waves of interviews with six adoptive mothers and four foster carers were collected, transcribed verbatim and analysed in keeping with a social constructivist grounded theory methodology. The results show that the way ‘family’ is constructed can both facilitate and impede communicative openness. Those who hold a fluid, child-centred concept of family, are willing to construct it as different and can accept the ebb and flow of family membership intuitively and view such openness as a natural part of caring for children. Those with a more traditional, nuclear construction of family may associate adoption with fear, a sense of biological related competition and the need to control the controllable, all of which act as barriers to communicative openness. The study demonstrates that communicative openness is person and context sensitive and emphasises the need to think creatively and flexibly about the very nature of family. (Edited publisher abstract)
Caregiver–provider communication about pain in persons with dementia
- Authors:
- RIFFIN Catherine, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Dementia: the International Journal of Social Research and Practice, 21(1), 2022, pp.270-286.
- Publisher:
- Sage
Background: Pain in older persons with dementia is both under-detected and under-managed. Family caregivers can play an important role in addressing these deficiencies by communicating their care recipient’s symptoms and behaviours to medical providers, but little is known about how caregivers and providers approach pain-related discussions in the context of dementia. The goal of this study was to explore how ambulatory care providers and family caregivers of persons with dementia view pain communication. Methods: In-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with family caregivers (n = 18) and healthcare providers involved in dementia care (n = 16). Interviews focused on three specific content areas: (1) caregivers’ roles in communicating about pain in persons with dementia, (2) challenges experienced when communicating about pain in persons with dementia, and (3) strategies and recommendations for optimizing communication in this context. All interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using the constant comparative method of data analysis. Results: Caregivers and providers described various roles that caregivers assumed in communication processes, such as serving as historians, interpreters, and advocates. They identified two key features of problematic communication—receipt of inadequate information and interpersonal conflict about the care recipient’s pain—and articulated how ambiguity around pain and dementia, as well as preexisting beliefs and emotions, contributed to communication challenges. They also offered several suggestions to improve caregiver–provider communication processes, including the use of (1) written records to enhance the accuracy of caregivers’ reports and ensure that providers had specific information to inform symptom management and treatment plans, (2) pain scales and follow-up discussions to establish baseline data and clarify treatment recommendations, and (3) collaboration and rapport-building strategies to validate the caregivers’ contributions and maximize a team-based decision-making. Conclusion: Receipt of inadequate information and interpersonal conflict are key challenges to caregiver–provider communication regarding pain in persons with dementia. Written records, pain scales, and rapport-building strategies may help to address these challenges. (Edited publisher abstract)
Valuing relationships: the impact of a sensory program on the interactions of adolescents with severe-to-profound intellectual disabilities
- Authors:
- YUILE Lauren Emily, SMIDT Andy, QUINLAN Sinead
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual Disabilities, 25(4), 2021, pp.527-553.
- Publisher:
- Sage
- Place of publication:
- London
Background: People with severe-to-profound intellectual disabilities often lack meaningful interactions with others. Communication partners need to be skilled in identifying and responding to often-subtle behaviours. One method of facilitating interaction is the use of sensory-based stimuli. Method: This study measured the impact of sensory-based stimuli paired with behaviour chain interruptions for three participants in an alternating treatment design using a novel intervention, SensEngage. Measurements included behaviours previously identified as indicating person engagement, self-engagement, happiness as well as participants’ use of potential communicative acts (PCAs). Results: The results showed increased person engagement and happiness in the SensEngage condition compared to the non-sensory condition for all three participants. An increased use of PCAs and decrease in self-engagement were observed for two participants. Conclusions: SensEngage appears to positively impact person engagement, happiness, PCAs and self-engagement for people with severe-to-profound intellectual disabilities. (Edited publisher abstract)
A description of staff-resident interactions in assisted living
- Authors:
- PAUDE Anju, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Clinical Nursing Research, 30(5), 2021,
- Publisher:
- Sage
Positive social and care interactions are vital to understand and successfully accomplish the daily care needs of the residents in assisted living (AL) and optimize their quality of life. The purpose of this study was to explore and describe the staff-resident interactions in AL. This descriptive analysis utilized baseline data in a randomized trial that included 379 residents from 59 AL facilities. The majority of the interactions observed were positive; almost 25% were neutral or negative. Most interactions were care-related (31.9%) or one-on-one (27.4%), occurred with nursing (40.2%) or support staff (e.g., dining aide; 24.6%), and involved close interpersonal distance (64.6%). Future research should focus on the transition of neutral or negative interactions to positive and explore the factors that might influence neutral and negative interactions. Additionally, innovative approaches are needed to optimize interactions amid physical distancing in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. (Edited publisher abstract)
Partnerships in nursing homes: how do family caregivers of residents with dementia perceive collaboration with staff?
- Authors:
- HOEK Linda J.M., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Dementia: the International Journal of Social Research and Practice, 20(5), 2021, pp.1631-1648.
- Publisher:
- Sage
Background: Partnerships between family and nursing staff in nursing homes are essential to address residents’ needs and wishes. Collaboration is needed to create partnerships; nonetheless, challenges exist. Aim: This study aimed to gain insights into the experiences of families collaborating with staff. Method: Semi-structured interviews were held with 30 family caregivers of nursing home residents with dementia. Findings: Data reflected three themes, which shaped collaboration with staff from families’ perspective, ‘communication’, ‘trust and dependency’ and ‘involvement’. Discussion: Good communication appeared to be a requisite condition for having trust in staff and quality of involvement in residents’ life. Good communication was described as having informal contact with staff, which enabled family and staff to build a personal connection. Consequently, this seemed to increase trust and satisfaction regarding involvement. Conclusion: Findings suggest that increasing informal contact and building a personal connection should be a priority for staff in order to improve collaboration and to create partnerships with families. (Edited publisher abstract)
The experiences, priorities, and perceptions of informal caregivers of people with dementia in nursing homes: a scoping review
- Authors:
- HARPER Alexandra E., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Dementia: the International Journal of Social Research and Practice, 20(8), 2021, pp.2746-2765.
- Publisher:
- Sage
Background: Person-centered care has been shown to increase desired outcomes for people with dementia, yet informal caregivers’ dissatisfaction with care is often reported. For those living in a nursing home, informal caregivers are uniquely situated to provide key insights into the individual’s care. However, little is known of the informal caregivers’ perspective, which hinders efforts to improve their satisfaction with person-centered nursing home care. Thus, this study examined the comprehensive experiences, priorities, and perceptions of informal caregivers of nursing home residents with dementia. Methods: In collaboration with stakeholders, a scoping review of Medline (Ovid), EMBASE, CINAHL (EBSCO), the Cochrane Library (Wiley), and PsycINFO (Ovid) databases from January 2000 to July 2020 was conducted. Data were extracted reflecting the experiences, priorities, and preferences of caregivers of people with dementia residing in nursing homes. Results: This study identified 114 articles that revealed nine themes: (1) communication, (2) transition to nursing home, (3) quality of care, (4) quality of life, (5) informal caregiver role, (6) knowledge of dementia, (7) end-of-life preferences, (8) medication use to manage neuropsychiatric behaviours, and (9) finances. Conclusion: Informal caregivers described aspects of care that led to both positive and negative experiences with and perceptions of nursing home care. The shortcomings in communication were discussed most frequently, indicating a high priority area. While researchers define the identified themes individually, informal caregivers perceive them to be interwoven as they relate to person-centered care delivery. Although this study did not assess the quality of included articles, by identifying themes relevant to caregivers’ perspectives of nursing home care, our findings may help to inform efforts to optimize caregivers’ satisfaction with nursing home care for residents with dementia. (Edited publisher abstract)
Experiencing dementia: how does assessment of cognition and language relate to daily life?
- Authors:
- LINDEBERG Sophia, SAMUELSSON Christina, MULLER Nicole
- Journal article citation:
- Dementia: the International Journal of Social Research and Practice, 20(4), 2021, pp.1408-1424.
- Publisher:
- Sage
This Swedish study investigates how persons living with dementia report their experiences of cognitive and linguistic testing, as well as their perspectives on the communicative resources and barriers they experience in daily interactions. Eight dyads were included in this qualitative exploratory study; eight persons with dementia and eight family members with whom they interact with daily. Semi-structured interviews, with questions focusing on experiences of diagnostic pathways as well as communicative and cognitive function in daily life, were carried out together with standard clinical testing. The data were analysed using qualitative content analysis. The results shed light on the experiences of uncertainty during the dementia assessment process related to the assessment tasks, the consequences of the assessment and receiving a diagnosis. We interpret this as a result of the unfamiliar clinical focus on function as measured in decontextualised tasks, compared to the participants’ view based on their abilities in everyday life. The study also reveals that adjustments in daily life that are necessitated by the consequences of neurological change are often developed in collaboration between the person with dementia and their conversation partners. There are, however, reports of conflicting feelings by the persons diagnosed with dementia, and by their families, as well as their views on how to best handle change, while maintaining a sense of being a competent person through the progression of disease. (Edited publisher abstract)
Evaluation of AID-COM, a communication-focused program for family carers of people with early-stage Alzheimer’s disease: a pilot study (innovative practice)
- Authors:
- CHESNEAU Sophie, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Dementia: the International Journal of Social Research and Practice, 20(2), 2021, pp.779-790.
- Publisher:
- Sage
Families providing care to relatives with Alzheimer’s disease are quickly destabilized by changes that disrupt communication. This pilot mixed-design study aimed to provide a quantitative and qualitative evaluation of a communication-based training program for carers of people with early-stage Alzheimer’s disease. Five participants received three training sessions. The use of communication strategies by participants and their effectiveness were evaluated before and after the training, and a focus group was conducted to gather participants’ impressions about the impacts of the training on communication with the person they cared for. The AID-COM (AID for COMmunication) program appears to have met expectations. (Edited publisher abstract)
When narrative practice suddenly goes online due to COVID-19
- Authors:
- CHAN Chitat, AU-YUENG Hoyee
- Journal article citation:
- Qualitative Social Work, 20(1-2), 2021, pp.390-398.
- Publisher:
- Sage
This article is a reflective consolidation of our practice experience in Hong Kong during the COVID-19 period, in which social work educators and practitioners needed to work online in a prolonged period of social distancing. It illustrates in what ways online practices may denote emerging knowledge and skills that are worth further discussion. These reflections have been consolidated as four knowledge/skill domains in our afterthoughts: i) Context, ii) Conversation, iii) Communication-Modality, and iv) Circulation. These insights may inspire social work educators and practitioners to comprehend the potential of media technologies more fully. (Edited publisher abstract)