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Changes in intimate partner violence among women mandated to community services
- Authors:
- MACY Rebecca J., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Research on Social Work Practice, 23(6), 2013, pp.624-638.
- Publisher:
- Sage
Increasingly, female victims of intimate partner violence (IPV) are charged with IPV perpetration and mandated by courts or child protective services to receive domestic violence services. A critical need exists for evidence-based interventions targeting the needs of this unique population, but such research is scarce. This study evaluates an intervention developed by two community-based agencies and delivered to 70 female IPV victims who are primary caregivers for children and mandated to services. Using a quasi-experimental design, IPV perpetration and victimization data are collected at three time points: baseline, program completion, and 3-month follow-up. Analyses use binary logistic regression to control for clustering and to incorporate time-varying covariates. Results show statistically significant reductions in both IPV victimization and perpetration at program completion. This study also provides evidence for the feasibility of recruiting and retaining this vulnerable group of IPV victims in research studies conducted in community-based settings. (Edited publisher abstract)
Directors’ opinions about domestic violence and sexual assault service strategies that help survivors
- Authors:
- MACY Rebecca J., RIZO Cynthia F.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 28(5), 2013, pp.1040-1066.
- Publisher:
- Sage
The views of agency directors’ perspectives six types of services typically offered by domestic violence and sexual assault agencies in North Carolina, USA were gathered. These included services in the area of crisis, legal advocacy, medical advocacy, support group, individual counseling, and shelter. The authors also examined the extent to which directors’ opinions about service delivery practices differed based on key agency’s characteristics, specifically the services offered (i.e., domestic violence, sexual assault, or both) and agency location (i.e., rural, suburban, or urban). A sample of 97 (94% response rate) North Carolina agency directors completed a survey on recommended service delivery practices. Analyses was also conducted to examine whether directors’ opinions about service delivery practices differed according to agency characteristics. Findings showed differences in directors’ opinions about service delivery practices based on their agency’s service location. (Edited publisher abstract)
Domestic violence and sexual assault service goal priorities
- Authors:
- MACY Rebecca J., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 26(16), November 2011, pp.3361-3382.
- Publisher:
- Sage
This article explores the services provided by community-based domestic violence and sexual assault agencies. The study investigated agency directors’ perspectives about how service goals should be prioritised to ensure that survivors’ needs are met. Six service subtypes were considered: crisis services; legal advocacy; medical advocacy; counselling; support group; and shelter services. A sample of 97 North Carolina domestic violence and sexual assault agency directors completed a survey asking participants to rank the importance of service goals. Overall, the participants considered emotional support provision to be a critical service goal priority across all service types. Social support and self-care service strategies were deemed less important. However, prioritisation of other service goals varied depending on the service type. Statistically significant differences on service goal prioritisation were also found in respect of the key agency characteristics, such as urban or rural location or differences in the service foci.
Person-oriented methods in partner violence research: distinct biopsychosocial profiles among battered women
- Authors:
- NURIUS Paula S., MACY Rebecca J.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 25(6), June 2010, pp.1064-1093.
- Publisher:
- Sage
Much of the research on intimate partner violence (IPV) has used variable-orientated methodologies which have served to emphasise the underlying complexity of IPV. Researchers are increasingly calling for the use of person-oriented methods to understand differences that have been found in biopsychosocial consequences among those who experience IPV. This study applies a person-oriented statistical method, latent profile analysis (LPA), to test for meaningful subgroups in a sample of 448 battered women from Seattle (age range 18-70, mean 32 years; approximately 50 % Caucasian). The data gathered included; participants’ appraisals of their vulnerability relative to their violent partner, depressive symptoms, physical injuries, overall physical health functioning, and their positive and negative social relationships with friends and family. The LPA established five distinct subgroups which were then examined in relation to IPV exposure, both concomitant and separate incidents, within the past year. The groups were labelled to identify their substantive features; multiple resources; struggling with depression; vulnerable-supported; vulnerable-depressed; and severe functioning impairment. Those suffering the most intensive violence exposure showed the greatest level of challenge and impairment. However, the groups with comparable levels of IPV exposure had distinctly different configurations of biopsychosocial profiles, suggesting a need for adaptive interventions to support individual profiles. The authors discuss the implications these findings have for developing adaptive interventions for battered women, as well as the potential utility of person-oriented tools for violence researchers.
Domestic violence and sexual assault services: historical concerns and contemporary challenges
- Authors:
- MACY Rebecca J., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 25(1), January 2010, pp.3-32.
- Publisher:
- Sage
In North Carolina, some 20 years ago, concerns about whether the need for stable funding for domestic violence and sexual assault agencies conflict with the values that initiated these respective movements – namely that these services were generally founded on feminist and empowerment principals, relying extensively on non-hierarchical structures and enabled through volunteers. Since then, these movements have evolved considerably. This exploratory study investigates the challenges facing domestic violence and sexual assault agencies today, using focus groups and interviews to identify the challenges facing North Carolina domestic violence and sexual assault movements from the perspectives of agency directors and funding staff. Using a statistical approach, seven challenges were identified including funding, sustainability, community norms, tension between grassroots versus professional service providers, lack of attention to sexual assault, the need for welcoming services for all survivors, and the need for comprehensive services to help survivors with co-occurring mental illnesses and considerable abuse problems. The author concludes that despite considerable challenges, agencies do have the capacity to sustain their services and endure as ongoing non-profit service providers. The findings also pointed to recommendations for ways to address these challenges.
Heterogeneity among violence-exposed women: applying person-oriented research methods
- Authors:
- NURIUS Paula S., MACY Rebecca J.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 23(3), March 2008, pp.389-415.
- Publisher:
- Sage
Variability of experience and outcomes among violence-exposed people pose considerable challenges toward developing effective prevention and treatment protocols. To address these needs, the authors present an approach to research and a class of methodologies referred to as person oriented. Person-oriented tools support assessment of meaningful patterns among people that distinguish one group from another, subgroups for whom different interventions are indicated. The authors review the conceptual base of person-oriented methods, outline their distinction from more familiar variable-oriented methods, present descriptions of selected methods as well as empirical applications of person-oriented methods germane to violence exposure, and conclude with discussion of implications for future research and translation between research and practice. The authors focus on violence against women as a population, drawing on stress and coping theory as a theoretical framework. However, person-oriented methods hold utility for investigating diversity among violence-exposed people's experiences and needs across populations and theoretical foundations.
Latent profiles among sexual assault survivors: implications for defensive coping and resistance
- Authors:
- MACY Rebecca J., NURIUS Paula S., NORRIS Jeanette Norris
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 22(5), May 2007, pp.543-565.
- Publisher:
- Sage
Rape resistance trainings need to prepare women to recognize and resist sexual assault across a range of experiences and contexts. To help address this need, this research used an investigation of 415 college women from the United States who completed a survey about their situational responding to an experience of acquaintance sexual assault. A previously established person-centred analysis model of four distinct risk and protective factor profiles was used to investigate the variability in women's responding. The profiling factors included women's prior victimization, alcohol consumption, relationship expectancies of the assailant, and assertive precautionary habits. Multivariate ANOVA was used to test for differences among the four profile groups on their cognitive, emotional, and behavioural responding. Results showed that the profile groups significantly differed in their assault responses. The findings highlight the utility of holistic, multivariate analyses for understanding women's sexual assault responses and help inform tailored resistance and empowerment trainings.
Latent profiles among sexual assault survivors: understanding survivors and their assault experiences
- Authors:
- MACY Rebecca J., NURIUS Paula S., NORRIS Jeanette
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 22(5), May 2007, pp.520-542.
- Publisher:
- Sage
Little guidance exists about how to tailor empowerment and resistance sexual assault programming to be responsive to varying groups of women. Using an investigation of 415 college women from the United States who completed a self-administered survey about a range of sexually aggressive experiences by a known male assailant, this investigation tested for distinct multivariate profiles of contextual factors among sexually assaulted women to discern how these factors may differentially combine to influence women's vulnerability to sexual assault. The authors applied latent profile analysis (LPA) to determine meaningful subgroups of women based on interrelationships among factors that contextualize women's vulnerability to sexual assault, including prior victimization, alcohol consumption, relationship expectancies of the assailant, and assertive precautionary habits. LPA established four significantly distinct multivariate profiles of substantively different groups of women. Group difference tests reinforced the findings and aided in group profile interpretations. Implications for the development of tailored resistance and empowerment programs are discussed.