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Ethics of care and social policy
- Authors:
- LAPPALAINEN R. Eliasson, MOTEVASEL I.Nilsson
- Journal article citation:
- Scandinavian Journal of Social Welfare, 6(3), July 1997, pp.189-196.
- Publisher:
- Munksgaard/ Blackwell
Looks at how care work is equated with female work, and has not been of interest to the social sciences and how Women's Studies have changed this. European social policy trends and the consequences of new systems of paying for care are discussed from a gender perspective. Warns against a context-free coupling between women and an ethic of care, and show how neoliberal politics can use feminist "struggle concepts" to put women "back in their place".
War-wounded refugees: labour market integration after two years in Sweden
- Authors:
- HERMANSSON A-C., TIMPKA T.
- Journal article citation:
- Scandinavian Journal of Social Welfare, 5(4), October 1996, pp.278-285.
- Publisher:
- Munksgaard/ Blackwell
This study investigated labour market integration in a group of war wounded refugees after two years in Sweden. The study group consisted of war wounded asylum applicants and quota refugees who arrived in Sweden in the late 1980s. They were consecutively investigated during hospitalisation, shortly after arrival and followed up two years later. After two years, 24% were at work or were occupied in vocation training courses. The degree of disability was not related to labour market integration. Length of time spent in the municipality was directly associated with labour market integration. Present well-being, Swedish language skills and education were factors related to integration. However, these factors differed in their relation to labour market integration when the length of time spent in the municipality was considered. With respect to the first two years in Sweden, the war-wounded group seemed to follow up well an ideal labour market integration process for refugees. A short wait for a municipality to reside in and a careful introduction into the municipality might have been available for this group more than for other refugees.
Lessons on community social services from the great Hanshin earthquake
- Author:
- IOKA B.
- Journal article citation:
- Scandinavian Journal of Social Welfare, 5(3), July 1996, pp.125-129.
- Publisher:
- Munksgaard/ Blackwell
This article describes crucial lessons learned on community social services from the great Hanshin earthquake, including negative and positive aspects. The Hanshin quake brought about the biggest urban disaster Japan has experienced since the Second World War. The character of the disaster problems and response measures differed from the emergency stage (in the aftermath of the quake) to the relief stage (roughly until the end of March 1995) and the restoration and reconstruction stage (thereafter).
War-wounded refugees in Sweden : background and flight
- Authors:
- HERMANSSON A-C., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Scandinavian Journal of Social Welfare, 4(4), October 1995, pp.255-261.
- Publisher:
- Munksgaard/ Blackwell
Reports a study of newly arrived war-wounded refugees about their background and flight whilst being treated at the Medical Centre for Refugees, University Hospital, Linkoping, Sweden. The refugees came from nine countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America. Spinal cord injuries, nerve lesions, amputations and fractures were the most frequent injuries. The group was heavily burdened with regard to factors that might be of significance for wellbeing and integration in Swedish society.
Forced to work and liberated from work
- Authors:
- LINDQVIST R., MARKLUND S.
- Journal article citation:
- Scandinavian Journal of Social Welfare, 4(4), October 1995, pp.224-237.
- Publisher:
- Munksgaard/ Blackwell
The work-related nexus is essential in all social policy regimes. The question is in what situations individuals should be entitled to social welfare benefits and in which situations they should be obliged to work. Social welfare law and administrative practices define mechanisms that separate the deserving poor from people able to work. This article analyses the functions and character of these 'separation mechanisms' in Sweden during three periods in history: a) rural society in the late 19th century; b) in industrial society during the successful years of the Swedish model from World War II until the late 1970s; and c) the present, including the period of welfare retrenchment and reconsideration since the early 1980s.
Making ends meet : perceptions of poverty in Sweden
- Author:
- HALLEROD B.
- Journal article citation:
- Scandinavian Journal of Social Welfare, 4(3), July 1995, pp.174-189.
- Publisher:
- Munksgaard/ Blackwell
During the era after the Second World War, Sweden has built a welfare system based on labour market participation and income maintenance. Low unemployment and decent wages are supposed to guarantee people a labour market income or income maintenance, which in turn should provide a proper standard to every one. However, a rapid increase in unemployment and economic problems have made the future of the Swedish welfare state more uncertain than ever. These circumstances have, among other things, led to the suggestion that Sweden should abandon the income maintenance policy and create a social policy system with the more limited ambition of guaranteeing everyone a minimum income. In that case, one central question must be answered : what constitutes a decent minimum income in today's Sweden? Where should we draw the poverty line under which people will not be forced to live? These question are central in the current debate. The consensual poverty line method is used in this article to derive a poverty line relevant for today's Sweden. The results shows than more than every fifth household has an income below the consensual poverty line. The results in the article cast serious doubt on the ability of the Swedish welfare state to secure a decent income to all citizens.
Easy target and moral panic: the Law on Drug Addiction No. 162 of 1990
- Author:
- COTTINO A.
- Journal article citation:
- Scandinavian Journal of Social Welfare, 4(2), April 1995, pp.108-113.
- Publisher:
- Munksgaard/ Blackwell
In industrialized societies the war against drugs tends to develop into a war that concretely strengthens control by the state over potentially dangerous classes. This is also true for Italy. In 1988, Bettino Craxi, now under investigation for a series of serious crimes, but at the time the powerful leader of the Socialist Party, launched a crusade against drugs. After about 18 months of moral panic campaigns, Law No. 162 was passed. Its ideological keystone is the section forbidding the personal use of narcotic or psychotropic drugs. Its officially declared objectives are to reduce the drug trade, to increase access by drug addicts to the services and, of course, to reduce the number of deaths by overdose. The available evidence, however, does not prove that these objectives have been reached. Rather, the true motivations must be sought elsewhere: in the attempt by the political class to regain legitimacy and thus consensus.
Preparedness within the municipal social services in Sweden: planning for the home help service organization for elderly people in war and crisis from two organizational perspectives
- Author:
- CASTENFORS K.
- Journal article citation:
- Scandinavian Journal of Social Welfare, 3(4), October 1994, pp.226-232.
- Publisher:
- Munksgaard/ Blackwell
A study aiming at presenting the effects of increases in work strain during war and crisis on the home help service organization within the social service sector in Stockholm was carried out in 1991. Reports findings.
Democracy and poverty - the implementation of social reforms in the countries of central and Eastern Europe
- Author:
- DELLENBRANT J.
- Journal article citation:
- Scandinavian Journal of Social Welfare, 2(3), July 1993, pp.150-157.
- Publisher:
- Munksgaard/ Blackwell
Why has the political and economic transformation in Russia and central and eastern Europe been accompanied by deteriorating living standards? Many of the reform programmes have contained social elements, but these have been neglected in the implementation process. Certain barriers to change - mental, cultural, political and economic - have made their implementation difficult. Russia and central and eastern Europe have to pass through a problematic dual transformation, from authoritarianism to democracy and from centrally planned economics to market economies. Experiences from Latin America show that such transitions are virtually impossible. The social results from the transformations in central and eastern Europe have been disappointing, which has been documented by scholars in this field. Nevertheless, if the political and economic transformation processes continue, the prospects for the future are relatively bright. But there is also a negative scenario with authoritarianism and civil ware as endpoints. A more cautious transition to a market economy might improve social welfare and living standards.