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Gender differences in the behaviour and life circumstances of alcoholic's spouses
- Authors:
- ZETTERLAND U., BERGLUND M.
- Journal article citation:
- Scandinavian Journal of Social Welfare, 7(3), July 1998, pp.204-210.
- Publisher:
- Munksgaard/ Blackwell
Describes how ten spouses of female alcoholics and nineteen spouses of male alcoholics were studied concerning coping behaviour, hardship and psychiatric symptoms. Finds that female spouses had a tendency towards more avoidant coping behaviour and more reported symptoms of depression, obsession/compulsion and hostility.
Are girls more than boys subjected to disrupted conditions of upbringing?
- Authors:
- BERGMAN L.R., WANGBY M.
- Journal article citation:
- Scandinavian Journal of Social Welfare, 7(3), July 1998, pp.194-203.
- Publisher:
- Munksgaard/ Blackwell
Describes a study based on findings of data from a longitudinal programme Individual Development and Adaption (IDA) which found that it was twice as common for girls to have been subjected to problematic upbringing conditions as for boys. Girls with disrupted upbringing showed adjustment problems during the school years, especially with regard to hyperactivity-related behaviours and conduct problems. The corresponding group of boys showed less pronounced adjustment problems. The results are discussed and tentative explanations presented for the sex differences that were found.
Social well-being and gender: post-soviet Estonia and the welfare state in Finland
- Authors:
- NARUSK A., KANDOLIN I.
- Journal article citation:
- Scandinavian Journal of Social Welfare, 6(2), April 1997, pp.127-136.
- Publisher:
- Munksgaard/ Blackwell
In this article the differences between men's and women's well-being in Estonia and Finland are studied according to the subjects' perceived stress symptoms within their work-family arrangements. Findings support previous research which illustrates the more women-friendly character of Finnish social policy.
Personal financial situation during unemployment and mental health
- Author:
- UNDERLID K.
- Journal article citation:
- Scandinavian Journal of Social Welfare, 6(1), January 1997, pp.2-12.
- Publisher:
- Munksgaard/ Blackwell
The main purpose of this study was to investigate the personal financial situation during unemployment and the connection between financial situation and mental health in a sample of unemployed Norwegians. The results indicate that the unemployed suffered high financial deprivation compared with the own subjective standards, their situation when working, their neighbours and friends, and the average population. However, the unemployed did not constitute a homogenous group in financial terms. In particular, the young unemployed experienced substantial financial problems. Among men, the reduction in income, few leisure facilities and many financial adjustments were closely related to mental health problems. Women who experienced that their income was substantially reduced compared with that of neighbours and friends and women who had carried out many financial adjustments were in poorer mental health than the other women in the sample. The findings are discussed in relation to relevant aspects of the life situation of the unemployed and other research results.
Unemployment, shame and ill health - an exploratory study
- Authors:
- RANTAKEISU U., STARRIN B., HAGQUIST C.
- Journal article citation:
- Scandinavian Journal of Social Welfare, 6(1), January 1997, pp.13-23.
- Publisher:
- Munksgaard/ Blackwell
Unemployed young people in six Swedish municipalities were studied in respect of the degree of shaming elements experienced by them in their social environment in respect of mental ill health. The nature of the investigation was exploratory. The study shows that experience of shaming elements in the environment owing to unemployment is relatively frequent. A larger proportion of the long-term unemployed and men account for more shaming elements that do the short-term unemployed and women. It seems as if the factor of shaming elements in the environment is important in order to understand the adverse health-related consequences of unemployment. A greater proportion of those who live in a more shaming environment show mental disorders, deteriorated health, changes in living habits, activities and social relations, than do those living in a less shaming environment. This report discusses possible explanations of the results in the light of existing moral concepts of work and unemployment, as well as of shaming attitudes towards the unemployed.
Youth unemployment and mental health - gender differences and economic stress
- Authors:
- HAGQUIST C., STARRIN B.
- Journal article citation:
- Scandinavian Journal of Social Welfare, 5(4), October 1996, pp.215-228.
- Publisher:
- Munksgaard/ Blackwell
Accounts for a study among unemployed people under 25 years of age and youth trainees in central Sweden. The results show an explicit relationship between unemployment and mental ill health in young people. One unemployed man of four and every second unemployed woman feels that the mental well-being grew worse when they became unemployed. The opposite is experienced by one male youth trainee of four and four female youth trainees of ten, who state that their mental well-being improved when they got into a youth training programme after earlier having been unemployed. The results also show that young people with poor finances on the whole have more mental troubles and anxiety about the future than young people with good finances have. The article discusses possible explanations for the patterns with respect to gender and private financial situations that appear in the results.
A classification of social assistance recipients in Norway
- Author:
- CLAUSEN S-E.
- Journal article citation:
- Scandinavian Journal of Social Welfare, 5(4), October 1996, pp.208-214.
- Publisher:
- Munksgaard/ Blackwell
A classification of social assistance recipients was undertaken using data from a nationwide survey of clients aged from 19-50 years. The findings revealed 4 distinct type of clients: the ill, the deviants, the dependants and the indebted. The ill are composed mainly of unmarried and divorced mothers. More than half report poor health and almost 90% have either anxiety or depressive disorders. More than 80% have using sedatives during the last 6 months. The deviants are almost exclusively men, and 3 of 4 are unmarried. They report high levels of drug use, and 80% have been convicted. The dependants are mainly women (62%) and report both the longest time as unemployed and as social assistance recipients. This group also includes many unmarried or divorced women. The men are usually unmarried. The indebted are characterised by high housing debts. Almost all own a dwelling, and 85% own a car. The group is evenly split by gender. Two thirds of the men are married, and the majority of the women are divorced.
Preparing human service professionals for work in the fields of gender-related violence: a study in Australia
- Author:
- VINSON T.
- Journal article citation:
- Scandinavian Journal of Social Welfare, 5(3), July 1996, pp.185-193.
- Publisher:
- Munksgaard/ Blackwell
A recent Australian project surveyed the coverage of domestic and sexual violence in first degree courses in social work and welfare, psychology, nursing and medicine, and then, on the basis of the findings, designed a range of educational packages that meet curriculum deficiencies in ways consistent with the expressed preferences of the academics surveyed. The project has produced four educational packages covering domestic violence, child sexual assault and possible effects in adult life, adult sexual assault, and post-traumatic stress disorder. The design and content of the packages are described in the article.
Work or welfare - a dilemma in the declining Swedish welfare state
- Authors:
- BERGLIND H., GULLBERG A., ELOFFSON S.
- Journal article citation:
- Scandinavian Journal of Social Welfare, 5(3), July 1996, pp.148-153.
- Publisher:
- Munksgaard/ Blackwell
The number of welfare recipients among people of working age increased from 1985 to 1992 in Sweden. Unexpectedly, this increase also took place under the economic boom during the late 1980s, characterised by very low unemployment. This is show in a study of a sample of the Swedish population. Not only has the number if welfare recipients increased, there has been a parallel increase in the relative number of people who are gainfully employed. This trend prevails until 1991, when the unemployment rates start going down. Until then, the development is characterised by growing polarisation into those who depend on work for their subsistence and those who depend on transfer payments from the welfare system. The development of welfare dependence has been different for men and women. The reasons for this development are discussed. Data about the increasing cost of social security are also presented, showing that the welfare system has not been in any immediate economic crisis from 1985 to 1993.
Stress experienced by informal caregivers: on conflicting demands in everyday life
- Authors:
- JOHANSSON S., AHLFELDT J.
- Journal article citation:
- Scandinavian Journal of Social Welfare, 5(2), April 1996, pp.83-96.
- Publisher:
- Munksgaard/ Blackwell
Stress was defined as a conflict experienced between the contradictory demands on the disposition of time and space in the life situation of caregivers. The following questions were asked: are there any family or gender related patterns to be found in the individual expressions of stress experiences? How can differences in stress experiences be explained in terms of work load, sociocultural demands related to gender and family relations, or lack of control in everyday life? What are the effects of a well developed welfare system. What are the differences between a rural and an urban setting and how do different life modes influence sociocultural demands and individual decision latitudes, creating and limiting different contributions of care? How are cultural characteristic reflected in stress experiences? The sample consisted of 99 care recipients, all in intense formal care, and the person identified by the care recipient as the person in the informal network who contributed most or took most responsibility in caregiving. Stress experience among helpers is related to area of living, main helper's gender, kin relation to the care recipient and lack of a shared responsibility within the informal network.