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Social well-being and gender: post-soviet Estonia and the welfare state in Finland
- Authors:
- NARUSK A., KANDOLIN I.
- Journal article citation:
- Scandinavian Journal of Social Welfare, 6(2), April 1997, pp.127-136.
- Publisher:
- Munksgaard/ Blackwell
In this article the differences between men's and women's well-being in Estonia and Finland are studied according to the subjects' perceived stress symptoms within their work-family arrangements. Findings support previous research which illustrates the more women-friendly character of Finnish social policy.
Lapsele Oma Kodu (bringing abandoned children home): a project from Tallinn, Estonia to reunite institutionalized children with families
- Authors:
- HARRISON L., RUBEIZ G., KOCHUBEY A.
- Journal article citation:
- Scandinavian Journal of Social Welfare, 5(1), January 1996, pp.35-44.
- Publisher:
- Munksgaard/ Blackwell
In 1993 it was estimated that there were approximately 2000 children in institutions in Estonia. Children in Estonia and in other central and eastern European countries are often removed from their homes and placed in institutions in order to ensure that their basic physical needs will be met. Lapsele Oma Kodu is a project that was initiated in Estonia in 1993 to (a) train social workers and homemakers to provide family services to reunited institutionalised children with families; (b) return home a minimum of 50 insitutionalised children; (c) demonstrate a model family support program; and (d) influence public opinion and child welfare policy in Estonia. This article presents data from the first 15 months of project activities that can be useful to other countries in central and eastern Europe initiating similar family service programs in the post-Soviet era.
Social change and stress in Estonia
- Author:
- KUTSAR D.
- Journal article citation:
- Scandinavian Journal of Social Welfare, 4(2), April 1995, pp.94-107.
- Publisher:
- Munksgaard/ Blackwell
This article attempts to assess social stress in Estonia at this time of transformation. The hypothesized model of social stress is based on the stress and coping model of Lazarus & Folkman and Borden as is applied as a frame of reference to the investigation. One thousand adult respondents from the Household Budget Survey were involved in the survey in March and April 1993. The factor analysis revealed 4 factors that determined coping with stress: frustration, passivity, happiness and future orientation. Cluster analysis of the respondents confirmed that 41% of the men's and 30% of the women's samples represented groups of risk of higher levels of distress. The findings provide support for the hypothesized model of social stress and indicate that multiple social change is the central source of stress for people living in Estonia.
Poverty among households in Estonia
- Authors:
- KUTSAR D., TRUMM A.
- Journal article citation:
- Scandinavian Journal of Social Welfare, 2(3), July 1993, pp.128-141.
- Publisher:
- Munksgaard/ Blackwell
Estonia was occupied by the Soviet Union for 50 years. Now she has restored her independence an extensive transformation has started, creating acute social problems. The economic survival of the whole society has become a main goal. The authors examine different poverty lines using the family budget data of 239 households surveyed in May and August 1993 for comparison. The analysis reveals that, whereas the wages and expenditure are low compared with unregulated prices, the share of households living under the poverty line does not reflect the real situation. The poverty among Estonian households reveals a skewed structure of expenditure that indicates exclusion from the consumption-centred way of life. Empirical evidence is give that single-earner households with three or more children face the danger of falling into deep poverty.