Search results for ‘Publisher:"joseph rowntree foundation"’ Sort:
Results 41 - 50 of 1626
Counting the cost of UK poverty
- Authors:
- BRAMLEY Glen, et al
- Publisher:
- Joseph Rowntree Foundation
- Publication year:
- 2016
- Pagination:
- 85
- Place of publication:
- York
This report estimates the total public financial costs, associated with additional spending on public services and the knock-on harm of poverty meaning that people need more future support from the state. It illustrates the magnitude of the cost of poverty in order to show the kinds of savings that a sustained reduction in poverty could bring. It also looks at some longer-term consequences of poverty to the Treasury, in terms of reduced revenues and increased benefit payments to people whose earnings potential will be damaged in the future by the experience of poverty today. The report shows that the public service costs of poverty amount to around £69 billion, with identifiable knock-on effects of child poverty costing a further £6 billion and knock-on effects of adult poverty costing at least £2.7 billion. This gives a total cost of poverty in the UK of around £78 billion. Adult social care is associated with £4.6 billion of the cost of poverty. This is one of the largest areas of local authority spending, with a significant degree of means testing of clients, and one for which demand is growing rapidly. Slightly over half of the additional cost is linked to services for younger adults, the remainder associated with older people. For these services, the relationship between expenditure and poverty mirrors that of the health sector, and accounts for around a quarter of all expenditure. The report estimates that a large proportion of what is spend publicly (about £1 in every £5 spent on public services) is making up for the way that poverty damages people’s lives. (Edited publisher abstract)
Falling short: the experiences of families below the Minimum Income Standard
- Authors:
- HILL Katherine, et al
- Publisher:
- Joseph Rowntree Foundation
- Publication year:
- 2016
- Pagination:
- 62
- Place of publication:
- York
Drawing on in-depth interviews with 30 families who have incomes below the Minimum Income Standard (MIS), this qualitative research investigates the consequences these families face living in 21st century Britain. Although these families do not necessarily face severe material deprivation, their incomes are seen to be too low to allow the choices and opportunities required to participate fully in society. The research considers their experiences of low income; the impact of low income on the practicalities of family life and emotional and psychological well-being; and how families prioritise their spending while living with less than the MIS budget. The study shows that the severe pressures of living on a low income are not restricted to a few families in the most severe poverty. Families differed in the extent to which they were coping. Important factors included: what level of costs parents faced, whether they had support from friends and family, their own budgeting skills, and whether they could achieve a degree of stability, often undermined by irregular employment and hours, changes in benefits and tax credits, and insecurity in private rented housing. Key issues for policy-makers identified include: rolling out the Universal Credit system, enabling greater stability for those living in private rented housing, and increased accessibility to child care. (Edited publisher abstract)
Public health in a changing climate
- Authors:
- BUTTON Daniel, COOTE Anna
- Publisher:
- Joseph Rowntree Foundation
- Publication year:
- 2016
- Pagination:
- ii, 46
- Place of publication:
- York
This report reviews current local strategies and actions to address climate change by public health departments and their partners. Potential threats to public health from a changing climate include death and injury from extreme weather, including heat affecting in particular the older population and flooding; increased effects from air pollution; the spread of disease; food insecurity; population displacement; and mental ill health. The report explores barriers and opportunities for action, and identifies recommendations for local and national policy and practice. It finds that the full potential of recent structural changes to the public health system is not being realised; the risks of climate change to health are occasionally acknowledged within Joint Strategic Needs Assessments - however, this awareness is seldom reflected in Joint Health and Wellbeing Strategies; many public health departments are taking climate action and this is often driven by individuals championing initiatives rather than strategy - where actions have been taken, they are framed in terms of the shorter-term benefits to health and wellbeing; and cuts to local authority budgets and the long-term nature of climate change mean that climate change is seldom regarded as a priority. (Edited publisher abstract)
Care provision fit for a future climate
- Authors:
- GUPTA Rajat, et al
- Publisher:
- Joseph Rowntree Foundation
- Publication year:
- 2016
- Pagination:
- 91
- Place of publication:
- York
This report reviews existing evidence and presents primary research in four case study care settings (two residential and two extra care) in England to assess the risks of summertime overheating, and investigate the preparedness of the care settings, both now and in the future. Hotter, drier summers with heatwaves of greater frequency and intensity have serious implications for the UK’s ageing population. The report shows that summertime overheating is both a current and future risk in care schemes, yet there is currently little awareness or preparedness at all levels, from designers to frontline staff, to implement suitable and long-term adaptation strategies. There is a perception that older people ‘feel the cold’, but less recognition that heat can also present a significant health risk and design for overheating is not commonplace; there is low prioritisation of overheating and future climate change (in briefing and design). There is a mismatch between the overheating risks predicted by climate modelling and those measured by empirical monitoring, which underplays present-day risks from high temperatures. The study found that there is a lack of effective heat management across the case studies due to a number of design and management issues, including lack of investment in appropriate strategies (such as external shading), conflicts between passive cooling strategies and occupant requirements. The report concludes that collaboration among government departments and professional institutions is necessary to harmonise and standardise health-related and building thermal comfort-related overheating thresholds, with particular consideration for care settings. (Edited publisher abstract)
Destitution in the UK
- Authors:
- FITZPATRICK Suzanne, et al
- Publisher:
- Joseph Rowntree Foundation
- Publication year:
- 2016
- Pagination:
- 91
- Place of publication:
- York
Reports on research to identify levels of destitution in the UK, who is affected and the main pathways in and out of destitution. The study involved a literature review, in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with 50 experts; analysis of existing quantitative datasets, and analysis of in-depth case studies. Destitution was defined as when people cannot afford to buy the essentials to eat, stay warm and dry, and keep clean. This definition was developed by experts and endorsed by a public survey of 2,000 adults. Using a week-long 'census survey' the research estimates that approximately 1,252,000 people, including 312,000 children, were destitute in UK at some point during 2015, with younger single men being the group most at risk. The majority (79 per cent) of those destitute were born in the UK, though migrants did face disproportionate risks of destitution,. Key triggers pushing people in poverty into destitution include debt repayments; benefit delays and sanctions; high living costs; and, for some migrants, extremely low levels of benefits and lack of access to the UK labour market. People affected by destitution feel ‘demeaned’ and ‘humiliated’ by having to seek help with basic material needs from charitable organisations, friends or family. The study found that destitution is closely linked to broader poverty. Tackling destitution requires action on the fundamental drivers of poverty, such as unemployment, low pay and high living costs, as well as better emergency support for those in crisis. For some groups other policy areas are also important including debt, immigration, asylum, housing, homelessness, mental health, addictions, and complex needs. (Edited publisher abstract)
Poverty and children's personal and social relationships: summary
- Authors:
- GIBB Jen, et al
- Publisher:
- Joseph Rowntree Foundation
- Publication year:
- 2016
- Pagination:
- 4
- Place of publication:
- York
Summarises findings from research to explore the associations between poverty and children's relationships with parents, peers and siblings. It also looks at different aspects of their relationships, including happiness, communication and bullying; and the other factors that are likely to affect children from low-income families, such as maternal mental health problems, low levels of parental education, and special educational needs. The study draws on data from the Millennium Cohort Study at the age of 11. Findings included that: persistent poverty was associated with greater interaction with friends outside school; more frequent bullying of peers; and higher levels of happiness with families. The report concludes that family poverty played a limited direct role in predicting the quality of children’s relationships at age eleven. A broad range of other risk factors were more likely to affect those from low-income homes, including maternal mental health problems, low levels of parental education, lower cognitive ability and special educational needs. (Edited publisher abstract)
The relationship between poverty, child abuse and neglect: an evidence review
- Authors:
- BYWATERS Paul, et al
- Publisher:
- Joseph Rowntree Foundation
- Publication year:
- 2016
- Pagination:
- 74
- Place of publication:
- York
This rapid review examines UK and international evidence on how poverty affects a child’s chance of being abused or neglected, and the impact abuse or neglect in childhood has on poverty in adult life. It also explores the economic costs of child abuse and neglect, identifies strengths and weaknesses in the evidence base, and outlines broad policy implications, with a particular focus on the UK. The review found a strong association between family poverty and a child’s chance of suffering child abuse or neglect, despite limited evidence in a number of areas. Adverse events in childhood, including abuse and neglect, are also associated with a negative effect on adult economic circumstances. It also identified a lack of joined up thinking and action about poverty and child abuse and neglect in the UK; a limited UK evidence base; and the need to develop anti-poverty policies which are likely to reduce the extent and severity of child abuse and neglect in childhood, the socio-economic consequences of child abuse and neglect in adult life and the wider economic costs. (Edited publisher abstract)
Special educational needs and their links to poverty
- Authors:
- SHAW Bart, et al
- Publisher:
- Joseph Rowntree Foundation
- Publication year:
- 2016
- Pagination:
- 46
- Place of publication:
- York
This report explores the links between special educational needs and disability (SEND) and poverty, showing that poverty is both a cause and an effect of SEND. The report gives some background on SEND and reviews the evidence relating to the causal links between SEND and poverty; provides an overview of policy and legislation relating to children with SEND in different parts of the UK; and examines the key issues impacting on children with SEND from low-income families and suggests ways in which the SEND system might be improved to better meet their needs and those of their parents. The report concludes with a series of recommendations, including: policy-makers and school and early years leaders should prioritise SEND; staff in schools and early years settings should be trained to identify needs so that they can be spotted early and over-identification and under-identification are reduced; and targeted funding for pupils with SEND who are at risk of exclusion should be provided so that schools can support them before they are excluded. (Edited publisher abstract)
How does housing affect work incentives for people in poverty?
- Authors:
- GIBB Kenneth, et al
- Publisher:
- Joseph Rowntree Foundation
- Publication year:
- 2016
- Pagination:
- 83
- Place of publication:
- York
This report explores how housing impacts on work incentives, and opportunities to progress in work, for those in and around poverty. It highlights a well-entrenched work ethic among people who are likely to command only modest wages, and the multiple disincentives they face arising from the cost of housing, transport and childcare. The report shows that: investing in neighbourhoods can reinforce positive social networks and provide a secure basis for employment; affordable transport is a critical constraint on employment - there is a clear need to review public transport routes and subsidise individual commuting costs; more secure tenancies would improve people’s willingness to move, and lower rents would provide a much clearer financial incentive to work; and childcare availability and affordability is a key barrier to employment. (Edited publisher abstract)
Households below a Minimum Income Standard: 2008/09 to 2013/14
- Authors:
- PADLEY Matt, HIRSCH Donald
- Publisher:
- Joseph Rowntree Foundation
- Publication year:
- 2016
- Pagination:
- v, 45
- Place of publication:
- York
This report looks at how many people live in households with insufficient income to afford a minimum socially acceptable standard of living according to the Minimum Income Standard (MIS), a measured rooted in what the public consider is needed for a minimum acceptable standard of living. The paper shows that the proportion of people in households with incomes below MIS increased by a third between 2008/09 and 2013/14, from 21 to nearly 28 per cent, although the rate of increase has slowed. Working families with children have faced a growing risk of low income; 41 per cent of lone parents working full time had incomes below MIS, up from 26 per cent in 2008/09; for families with both parents working full time, the risk rose from 5 to 12 per cent. In couples with a single breadwinner, the risk rose from 38 to 51 per cent. Older singles (over 35) living alone and working full-time have a growing risk of inadequate income: their risk of being below MIS increased from 7 to 14 per cent between 2008/09 and 2013/14. Social tenants became more likely to be below MIS in 2013/14, coinciding with introduction of the under-occupancy charge. For pensioners, the risk of being below MIS rose slightly, but remained far lower than for other groups, at 8.5 per cent. Just over half of individuals with incomes below MIS were in couple families with children (45 per cent in 2008/09). (Edited publisher abstract)