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Poverty, participation and choice: the legacy of Peter Townsend: report
- Authors:
- FERRANGINA Emanuele, TOMLINSON Mark, WALKER Robert
- Publisher:
- Joseph Rowntree Foundation
- Publication year:
- 2013
- Pagination:
- 69
- Place of publication:
- York
The sociologist Peter Townsend argued that poverty denies people the opportunity to participate fully in society, and that a rapid decline in participation observed at lower incomes provides the basis for developing a scientific method of fixing a poverty line. This report revisits Townsend's ideas and their relevance in the 21st century. It draws on original analysis of three large-scale UK datasets: the ESRC Understanding Society household panel survey (2009), the Family Spending Survey (FSS, for 2008), and the Millennium Cohort Study (MCS, 2008). It considers Townsend's concept of a "breakpoint" in the income distribution, below which participation declines more than proportionally. The analysis points to the existence of two social worlds divided by income. The poorest 30% of the population have to choose between basic necessities and participation in social activities. For this group, additional income does not seem to improve living conditions or change lifestyle. In contrast, for the rest of the population, extra income translates into greater social participation and more evident consumption. The report maps how participation varies according to income, education, age, gender, employment status, ethnicity and region of residence. It investigates diversity of participation; explores the impact of poverty on participation by young children; and reflects on the continuing importance of Townsend’s insights for the public understanding of poverty. Appendices describe the statistical methods used and present data on various aspects of the study. (Edited publisher abstract)
Mapping rapidly changing minority ethnic populations: a case study of York
- Authors:
- CRAIG Gary, et al
- Publisher:
- Joseph Rowntree Foundation
- Publication year:
- 2010
- Pagination:
- 53p., bibliog.
- Place of publication:
- York
This project, commissioned by the Joseph Rowntree Foundation’s York Grants Committee, used official national datasets and a range of other research techniques and data sources to estimate the size and diversity of York’s minority ethnic population. The project involved a number of standard research techniques, such as a policy and literature review, secondary data analysis and mapping and qualitative interviews. These were supplemented by a range of less formal techniques, such as the collection of administrative employment data from local organisations, observation and networking. The study identified 92 different ethnic/national origins present in the city and 78 different first languages. Although a few ethnically–based community organisations had existed for some years, most of the ethnic groups identified took the form of informal networks and groupings, often focused around a specific activity such as worship, language or economic activity. The team estimated the minority ethnic population (i.e. all groups other than White British) in 2009 to be approximately 21,800, or 11% of York’s total estimated population. This estimate was substantially higher than the figures generally used within the city by policy and service agencies and more than twice the size of the BME population recorded in the 2001 Census. The researchers make a number of strategic recommendations for organisations in York. They suggest that understanding the changing nature of the labour market is key to understanding the growth of the minority ethnic population.
Coalfields and neighbouring cities: economic regeneration, labour markets and governance
- Author:
- JOSEPH ROWNTREE FOUNDATION
- Publisher:
- Joseph Rowntree Foundation
- Publication year:
- 2007
- Pagination:
- 4p.
- Place of publication:
- York
This study assesses how far the regeneration of coalfield areas relies upon their links with neighbouring cities. It draws on national statistical analysis of labour market adjustment in the British coalfields, and case studies in three contrasting areas – the Lothian coalfield and Edinburgh in Scotland, South Yorkshire and Sheffield in England, and the Central Valleys and Cardiff in Wales.
Care providers, care receivers: a longitudinal perspective
- Authors:
- YOUNG Harriet, GRUNDY Emily, JITLAL Mark
- Publisher:
- Joseph Rowntree Foundation
- Publication year:
- 2006
- Pagination:
- 92p.
- Place of publication:
- York
This study examined the characteristics, past and present, of different groups of unpaid caregivers in England and Wales in 2001. As not all people with care needs can be looked after at home, it also examined characteristics of older people who had moved into institutional care, and those who had moved in with other relatives. The research, by a team from the Centre for Population Studies, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, used data from the Office for National Statistics Longitudinal Study, including individual-level census information.
Monitoring poverty and social exclusion in Scotland 2006
- Authors:
- PALMER Guy, MACINNES Tom, KENWAY Peter
- Publisher:
- Joseph Rowntree Foundation
- Publication year:
- 2006
- Pagination:
- 69p.
- Place of publication:
- York
This is 2006 edition in a series of reports which began in 2002 with the aim of providing an independent assessment of the progress being made in eliminating poverty and reducing social exclusion in Scotland. Poverty among children, poverty among adults, inequalities in income and pay, educational outcomes at the bottom, health inequalities, and quality of life and social cohesion are highlighted. Key points, graphs and tables are presented.
Characteristics of care providers and care receivers over time
- Author:
- JOSEPH ROWNTREE FOUNDATION
- Publisher:
- Joseph Rowntree Foundation
- Publication year:
- 2006
- Pagination:
- 4p.
- Place of publication:
- York
This study examined the characteristics, past and present, of different groups of unpaid caregivers in England and Wales in 2001. As not all people with care needs can be looked after at home, it also examined characteristics of older people who had moved into institutional care, and those who had moved in with other relatives. The research, by a team from the Centre for Population Studies, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, used data from the Office for National Statistics Longitudinal Study, including individual-level census information.
Struggling to pay council tax: new perspectives on the local taxation debate
- Author:
- JOSEPH ROWNTREE FOUNDATION
- Publisher:
- Joseph Rowntree Foundation
- Publication year:
- 2006
- Pagination:
- 4p.
- Place of publication:
- York
Council tax is the subject of an on-going review. Using statistical analyses and interviews with people who had received a summons for non-payment of council tax, Michael Orton from Warwick University explored how many households are struggling to pay council tax, and why. The study looked at whether households in all council tax valuation bands are struggling to pay, and how many low-income households there are in each council tax valuation band. It also examined how people who are struggling to pay experience council tax benefit, and what they see as key issues.
Monitoring housing and neighbourhoods trends 2006
- Author:
- JOSEPH ROWNTREE FOUNDATION
- Publisher:
- Joseph Rowntree Foundation
- Publication year:
- 2006
- Pagination:
- 4p.
- Place of publication:
- York
The New Policy Institute has produced a wide-ranging statistical analysis of the current state of housing and neighbourhoods in the United Kingdom. On housing, the analysis covers availability, affordability, unmet need, security of tenure and environmental impact
Poverty in Britain: what can we learn from household spending?
- Author:
- JOSEPH ROWNTREE FOUNDATION
- Publisher:
- Joseph Rowntree Foundation
- Publication year:
- 2006
- Pagination:
- 4p.
- Place of publication:
- York
Recent poverty trends are very different when spending is used as a measure of living standards rather than income. Spending poverty rates (the proportion of people with spending below 60% of median expenditure) have risen since 1997, even though income poverty rates (income below 60% of median income) have fallen: spending poverty rose from 20% to 22% between 1996/97 and 2002/03 – up by 12% – compared with a fall in income poverty, from 25% to 22% (down by 12%); child poverty rates measured using expenditure rose by 11% between 1996/97 and 2002/03, but fell by 15% when measured using income; pensioner poverty has remained roughly unchanged measured on spending, but has fallen rapidly measured on income. Further back, trends in income and spending poverty also showed differences. The rise in relative poverty over the 1980s was much smaller when measured using spending than the rise in income poverty. Income and spending poverty are distinct states; only about half of those who would be classified as poor by one would be so classified by the other. Self-employed people and job-seekers are more likely to be classified as poor when measured by income rather than spending. For pensioners, the situation is reversed. The lowest-income households have disproportionately high expenditure. Among households in the bottom 1% of income distribution, average spending is greater than at any point until one-third of the way up income distribution, suggesting that spending might be a better guide to their welfare than income. Though they remain low spenders on average, pensioners have increased their spending – particularly on non-essentials – in response to higher benefits.
Affordability differences by area for working households buying their homes - 2003 update
- Author:
- JOSEPH ROWNTREE FOUNDATION
- Publisher:
- Joseph Rowntree Foundation
- Publication year:
- 2004
- Pagination:
- 4p.
- Place of publication:
- York
This study provides a range of analyses of the difficulties working households aged 20 to 39 face in accessing home ownership in every area of England at the end of 2003. It is based on local prices for two- and three-bedroom dwellings, and draws on a range of data sources. Access to home ownership is most problematic in London, where the ratio of average house price to household gross earned income is 4.69 to 1. Ratios exceed 5.0 to 1 in nine areas; in Westminster and Brent the ratio exceeds 6.0 to 1. Ratios are lower than 4.0 to 1 in five areas. All ratios should be considered in relation to the ratio of mortgage advance to household gross earned income, which rarely exceeds 3.5 to 1. Outside London, access to home ownership is most problematic in the South West region, where average house price to household gross earned income ratios are 4.66 to 1. Average ratios exceed 5 to 1 in 21 areas; the ratio exceeds 6 to 1 in West Somerset, Christchurch, North Cornwall, Torridge and East Devon, though samples in the first two are particularly small. Ratios are lower than 4 to 1 in five areas. Access to home ownership is nearly as problematic in the South East region, where average ratios are 4.61 to 1. They exceed 5 to 1 in 17 areas, including all of East Sussex. While it is only in Chichester that the ratio exceeds 6 to 1, ratios are lower than 4 to 1 in four areas.Average ratios exceed 5 to 1 in four areas in the East of England and in two northerly 'hotspots' (Derbyshire Dales and South Lakeland). Over the past year, affordability issues in the South West have worsened relative to London and the South East, due to greater house price rises. This reinforces the case for the Office of the Deputy Prime Minister (ODPM) to review its current plans to concentrate increased funding for affordable housing in London and the wider south east.