Drawing a literature and case studies from eleven countries, this research aims to identify solutions to the problem of extreme housing exclusion, including homelessness, severe overcrowding, very poor or insecure housing. The report reviews the international literature on the causes of extreme housing exclusion; identifies innovative approaches to tackling the problem based on empirical evidence; and assesses the transferability of the approaches to the UK, and what would need to change in order for them to work. Factors contributing to extreme housing included: the lack of affordable housing, high house prices and low income. Other factors relate to people's circumstances, such people with complex needs such as substance abuse not being able to link with services; undocumented migrants and asylum-seekers lacking eligibility for social housing; experience of domestic violence; and people's lack of social networks due to stigma, mental health problems. The report identifies multiple factors, often interacting with each other, that contribute to extreme housing exclusion and calls for a multi-faceted approach to tackling the problem. Solutions focus on: tackling the lack of affordable housing through maximising the use of empty buildings, co-operative housing, and new low-cost housing; using community resources to develop local solutions, such as community self-build; and provision of housing for people with complex needs. Other innovations provided social value in enhancing employability, health and community cohesion as well as accommodating people on low incomes.
(Edited publisher abstract)
Drawing a literature and case studies from eleven countries, this research aims to identify solutions to the problem of extreme housing exclusion, including homelessness, severe overcrowding, very poor or insecure housing. The report reviews the international literature on the causes of extreme housing exclusion; identifies innovative approaches to tackling the problem based on empirical evidence; and assesses the transferability of the approaches to the UK, and what would need to change in order for them to work. Factors contributing to extreme housing included: the lack of affordable housing, high house prices and low income. Other factors relate to people's circumstances, such people with complex needs such as substance abuse not being able to link with services; undocumented migrants and asylum-seekers lacking eligibility for social housing; experience of domestic violence; and people's lack of social networks due to stigma, mental health problems. The report identifies multiple factors, often interacting with each other, that contribute to extreme housing exclusion and calls for a multi-faceted approach to tackling the problem. Solutions focus on: tackling the lack of affordable housing through maximising the use of empty buildings, co-operative housing, and new low-cost housing; using community resources to develop local solutions, such as community self-build; and provision of housing for people with complex needs. Other innovations provided social value in enhancing employability, health and community cohesion as well as accommodating people on low incomes.
(Edited publisher abstract)
Subject terms:
housing, homelessness, intervention, low income, complex needs, cost effectiveness, social exclusion, policy, social policy, vulnerable adults, community development;
Low level support can help support older people and help them remain in the communities in which they live. They can also result in less demand for more costly health and social care services. This paper presents a number of practice examples that provide assistance and low level intervention to promote the health, well-being, social engagement and independence of older people. It also highlights the importance of involving older people in decisions about their future support. Examples are discussed in the following areas: practical support at home and handyperson schemes; housing adaptations and home improvements; promoting health and wellbeing; reducing social isolation and exclusion; information, advice and advocacy; place-based approaches; assistive technology and telecare; and co-operative and mutuality-based approaches.
Low level support can help support older people and help them remain in the communities in which they live. They can also result in less demand for more costly health and social care services. This paper presents a number of practice examples that provide assistance and low level intervention to promote the health, well-being, social engagement and independence of older people. It also highlights the importance of involving older people in decisions about their future support. Examples are discussed in the following areas: practical support at home and handyperson schemes; housing adaptations and home improvements; promoting health and wellbeing; reducing social isolation and exclusion; information, advice and advocacy; place-based approaches; assistive technology and telecare; and co-operative and mutuality-based approaches.
Subject terms:
home adaptations, home improvements, independence, intervention, local authorities, older people, outcomes, social care provision, user participation, cost effectiveness;
There is a systematic lack of evidence about the potential, the costs and benefits, and consequently the cost-effectiveness of extra-care housing. This study aims to assess as accurately as possible the comparative costs before and after residents moved into a new extra-care housing scheme, Rowanberries in Bradford.
There is a systematic lack of evidence about the potential, the costs and benefits, and consequently the cost-effectiveness of extra-care housing. This study aims to assess as accurately as possible the comparative costs before and after residents moved into a new extra-care housing scheme, Rowanberries in Bradford.
Subject terms:
assessment, cost effectiveness, extra care housing, evaluation;
There is a systematic lack of evidence about the potential, the costs and benefits, and consequently the cost-effectiveness of extra-care housing. This study aims to assess as accurately as possible the comparative costs before and after residents moved into a new extra-care housing scheme, Rowanberries in Bradford.
There is a systematic lack of evidence about the potential, the costs and benefits, and consequently the cost-effectiveness of extra-care housing. This study aims to assess as accurately as possible the comparative costs before and after residents moved into a new extra-care housing scheme, Rowanberries in Bradford.
Subject terms:
assessment, cost effectiveness, extra care housing, evaluation;
This study refines the formula published by the JRF in 2002 (revised 2004) for calculating reasonable fees, based on the operating costs of efficient care homes for older people in England. Using 2008 benchmarks, the study guides users through its associated spreadsheet and advises on modifications to reflect local market conditions
This study refines the formula published by the JRF in 2002 (revised 2004) for calculating reasonable fees, based on the operating costs of efficient care homes for older people in England. Using 2008 benchmarks, the study guides users through its associated spreadsheet and advises on modifications to reflect local market conditions
Subject terms:
charges, care homes, cost effectiveness, economics;
A review of whether new high density developments can provide an affordable, attractive place to live. New forms of high-density, affordable housing are often advocated as a response to current policy concerns related to housing shortages, containing suburban sprawl, and the desire to promote an ‘urban renaissance’ in some cities. This study explored residents’ views about living in new affordable higher density housing and how far residents’ expectations of living in high-density developments were met.
A review of whether new high density developments can provide an affordable, attractive place to live. New forms of high-density, affordable housing are often advocated as a response to current policy concerns related to housing shortages, containing suburban sprawl, and the desire to promote an ‘urban renaissance’ in some cities. This study explored residents’ views about living in new affordable higher density housing and how far residents’ expectations of living in high-density developments were met.
Subject terms:
housing, housing estates, tenants, urban areas, user views, cost effectiveness;
This study provides an update on how local planning authorities have been implementing affordable housing policies (Section 106 of the Town and Country Planning Act 1990) in the context of changing and uncertain policy.
This study provides an update on how local planning authorities have been implementing affordable housing policies (Section 106 of the Town and Country Planning Act 1990) in the context of changing and uncertain policy.
Subject terms:
housing, local authorities, planning, cost effectiveness;
UK studies consistently demonstrated that it is the combination of independence and security that residents value. However, residents and providers do not always seem to have a shared understanding of what constitutes ‘independence’. Housing with care offers opportunities for social interaction and companionship, and there is much evidence of mutual support and neighbourliness. However, people who are very frail or who have sensory and cognitive impairments are consistently reported to be on the margins of social groups and networks. In some circumstances housing with care can provide an alternative to residential care, but the evidence suggests that it is not always a substitute for these settings. Residents moved to residential or nursing home care for a number of reasons, including increasing care needs and their own or their relatives’ preferences for something different, or perhaps something more. Evidence suggests that housing with care can have a positive impact on the health and well-being of residents, and that it is beneficial to their quality of life. However, studies relied heavily on expressions of resident satisfaction/contentment in arriving at their assessments; more robust quality of life measures were lacking in the evidence base. The evidence on the cost-effectiveness of housing with care is particularly limited and sometimes contradictory. Such as there is seems to indicate that housing with care may be more expensive than residential care, but may be cheaper than care delivered into ‘ordinary’ housing settings
UK studies consistently demonstrated that it is the combination of independence and security that residents value. However, residents and providers do not always seem to have a shared understanding of what constitutes ‘independence’. Housing with care offers opportunities for social interaction and companionship, and there is much evidence of mutual support and neighbourliness. However, people who are very frail or who have sensory and cognitive impairments are consistently reported to be on the margins of social groups and networks. In some circumstances housing with care can provide an alternative to residential care, but the evidence suggests that it is not always a substitute for these settings. Residents moved to residential or nursing home care for a number of reasons, including increasing care needs and their own or their relatives’ preferences for something different, or perhaps something more. Evidence suggests that housing with care can have a positive impact on the health and well-being of residents, and that it is beneficial to their quality of life. However, studies relied heavily on expressions of resident satisfaction/contentment in arriving at their assessments; more robust quality of life measures were lacking in the evidence base. The evidence on the cost-effectiveness of housing with care is particularly limited and sometimes contradictory. Such as there is seems to indicate that housing with care may be more expensive than residential care, but may be cheaper than care delivered into ‘ordinary’ housing settings
Extended abstract:
Author
CROUCHER Karen; HICKS Leslie; JACKSON Karen;
Title
Housing with care for later life: a literature review.
Publisher
Joseph Rowntree Foundation, 2006
Summary
This report presents a comprehensive overview of the most recent evidence related to new and emerging models of housing with care for later life.
Context
An introduction gives the a ims of the review , methods, an overview of retrieved studies and the structure of the review. Definitions, models and typologies discusses d efinitions in the UK , asking What's in a name?; housing with care in the UK : variations on a theme, and models outside the UK . D ominant themes from the wider literature include m oving to live in retirement communities, social integration, use of care services and facilities, and assisted living facilities. What do we know? Evaluations of UK models of
housing with care discusses t he evidence base, promoting independence?, health, well-being and quality of life, social integration, home for life?, alternative to residential care?, cost-effectiveness and affordability. Reflecting on the evidence: meeting expectations? covers messages for providers from t he UK evidence base for providers and the evidence base from outside the UK : messages; retirement communities as a positive choice for later life; and current and future research in the UK . Appendices give search strategies, databases searched, a list of contacts and websites searched.
Contents
UK studies consistently demonstrated that it is the combination of independence and security that residents value. However, residents and providers do not always seem to have a shared understanding of what constitutes 'independence'. Housing with care offers opportunities for social interaction and companionship, and there is much evidence of mutual support and neighbourliness. However, people who are very frail or who have sensory and cognitive impairments are consistently reported to be on the margins of social groups and networks. In some circumstances housing with care can provide an alternative to residential care, but the evidence suggests that it is not always a substitute for these settings. Residents moved to residential or nursing home care for a number of reasons, including increasing care needs and their own or their relatives' preferences for something different, or perhaps something more. Evidence suggests that housing with care can have a positive impact on the health and well-being of residents, and that it is beneficial to their quality of life. However, studies relied heavily on expressions of resident satisfaction/contentment in arriving at their assessments; more robust quality of life measures were lacking in the evidence base. The evidence on the cost-effectiveness of housing with care is particularly limited and sometimes contradictory. Such as there is seems to indicate that housing with care may be more expensive than residential care, but may be cheaper than care delivered into 'ordinary' housing settings.
154 references
ISBN 1 85935 433 5
Subject terms:
home care, independent living, housing, literature reviews, older people, cost effectiveness;
UK studies consistently demonstrated that it is the combination of independence and security that residents value. However, residents and providers do not always seem to have a shared understanding of what constitutes ‘independence’. Housing with care offers opportunities for social interaction and companionship, and there is much evidence of mutual support and neighbourliness. However, people who are very frail or who have sensory and cognitive impairments are consistently reported to be on the margins of social groups and networks. In some circumstances housing with care can provide an alternative to residential care, but the evidence suggests that it is not always a substitute for these settings. Residents moved to residential or nursing home care for a number of reasons, including increasing care needs and their own or their relatives’ preferences for something different, or perhaps something more. Evidence suggests that housing with care can have a positive impact on the health and well-being of residents, and that it is beneficial to their quality of life. However, studies relied heavily on expressions of resident satisfaction/contentment in arriving at their assessments; more robust quality of life measures were lacking in the evidence base. The evidence on the cost-effectiveness of housing with care is particularly limited and sometimes contradictory. Such as there is seems to indicate that housing with care may be more expensive than residential care, but may be cheaper than care delivered into ‘ordinary’ housing settings.
UK studies consistently demonstrated that it is the combination of independence and security that residents value. However, residents and providers do not always seem to have a shared understanding of what constitutes ‘independence’. Housing with care offers opportunities for social interaction and companionship, and there is much evidence of mutual support and neighbourliness. However, people who are very frail or who have sensory and cognitive impairments are consistently reported to be on the margins of social groups and networks. In some circumstances housing with care can provide an alternative to residential care, but the evidence suggests that it is not always a substitute for these settings. Residents moved to residential or nursing home care for a number of reasons, including increasing care needs and their own or their relatives’ preferences for something different, or perhaps something more. Evidence suggests that housing with care can have a positive impact on the health and well-being of residents, and that it is beneficial to their quality of life. However, studies relied heavily on expressions of resident satisfaction/contentment in arriving at their assessments; more robust quality of life measures were lacking in the evidence base. The evidence on the cost-effectiveness of housing with care is particularly limited and sometimes contradictory. Such as there is seems to indicate that housing with care may be more expensive than residential care, but may be cheaper than care delivered into ‘ordinary’ housing settings.
Subject terms:
home care, independent living, housing, literature reviews, older people, cost effectiveness;
Home shopping is an important aspect of community care services for older and disabled people, but is costly and complex to administer. As social services struggle to find the necessary resources to support them, new approaches involving internet- or phone-based 'teleshopping' services are being explored. This research, designed and tested several models for teleshopping. It has provided new information on user needs, possible teleshopping models, and on technology options and financial and legal issues. An intermediate teleshopping model, for use before internet access becomes widespread, is identified. The project also explored the technology requirements for a more sophisticated internet-based service that might be developed in the future.
Home shopping is an important aspect of community care services for older and disabled people, but is costly and complex to administer. As social services struggle to find the necessary resources to support them, new approaches involving internet- or phone-based 'teleshopping' services are being explored. This research, designed and tested several models for teleshopping. It has provided new information on user needs, possible teleshopping models, and on technology options and financial and legal issues. An intermediate teleshopping model, for use before internet access becomes widespread, is identified. The project also explored the technology requirements for a more sophisticated internet-based service that might be developed in the future.
Subject terms:
information technology, internet, older people, physical disabilities, social services, access to services, cost effectiveness;