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Reflections on systemic barriers for ethnic minorities in accessing community-based forensic services for people with intellectual disabilities and autism
- Author:
- COLEMAN Mercedez
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual Disabilities and Offending Behaviour, 13(1), 2022, pp.12-19.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: Community-based forensic support services (CBFSSs) were commissioned nationally by National Health Service (NHS) England in 2017 in response to “Building the Right Support” (NHS England, 2015). CBFSSs provide multidisciplinary support to adults with intellectual disabilities and/or autism who are in (or at risk of) contact with the criminal justice system and those transitioning from inpatient secure care. This paper aims to highlight potential systemic barriers to accessing community forensic services for people from an ethnic minority background. in one CBFSSs in Northern England. Design/methodology/approach: This paper provides preliminary reflections on potential systemic barriers within the criminal justice system and health-care services that have implications for service users from ethnic minority backgrounds accessing CBFSSs. Findings: There is a paucity of data, policy and literature that focuses on people with intellectual disabilities and autism with forensic needs from ethnic minority backgrounds. This lack of data obstructs further reforms to meet the needs of this population. Originality/value: CBFSSs are commissioned across England. While some regional variation is to be expected, services should be aware of the systemic barriers people from ethnic minority backgrounds within their region face. These barriers should be considered and addressed when evaluating service efficacy and delivery. Recommendations are made to review and address issues of under-representation of ethnic minorities within CBFSSs. (Edited publisher abstract)
Black and ethnic minority carers perceptions on mental health services and support in the United Kingdom: a systematic review
- Authors:
- MILLER Eula, BOSUN-ARJIE Stella Foluke, EKPENYONG Stephen
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Public Mental Health, 20(4), 2021, pp.298-311.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine and synthesise the empirical evidence on the perceptions of Black and Ethnic Minority (BAME) carers views on mental health (MH) services and support offered in the UK. Design/methodology/approach: A comprehensive search conducted by searching Medline, Cumulated Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature and Psychology and Behavioural Sciences Collection served to identify relevant studies that explored the perceptions of BAME carers on MH services. Other key sources and reference list of identified journal articles were searched to ascertain that this review contains all relevant studies and captured studies not indexed in the databases. Using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme tool, 20 relevant studies published between 1996 and 2020 retrieved were and reviewed. From the reviewed papers five themes emerged which summarised the perception of BAME carers views on MH services and support services offered in the UK. Findings: Critical appraisal of 20 studies that met the ascribed inclusion criteria was undertaken. A total of 18 studies were of qualitative design, one used a quantitative approach and one was a systematic review. Several themes addressing the participants’ views were identified from the studies. The core themes central to these studies were: awareness and utilization of available MH services, language barriers to accessing MH services, positive experience whilst in contact with MH services, negative experience whilst in contact with MH services and difficulties in seeking help. Research limitations/implications: One of the review criteria was to focus on peer-reviewed articles; grey literature was exempted from the search for relevant studies. Although a systematic literature review was conducted, there is the possibility that some appropriate studies were not identified. This could be because of different use of key terms in some of the studies. Papers that identified and acknowledged BAME MH carers and MH services were focused on, which resulted in 20 eligible studies for synthesis. Originality/value: This review revealed the perception of BAME carers on MH services and available support offered. It highlighted that a significant number of BAME carers had limited understanding of the range of available MH services and support on offer within the UK. The review highlighted that fear of stigmatisation, discrimination in conjunction with the formulaic nature of MH services, delayed at best and inhibited at worst BAME Carers from accessing support from MH services, which consequentially had detrimental effects on service users receiving the timely appropriate support needed (Mermon et al., 2016). It is, therefore, a recommended imperative that MH services are deliberate in their endeavour to be inclusive, culturally embracing and accessible, if the MH needs of diverse ethnic minority groups within the UK are to be met appropriately. (Edited publisher abstract)
Research watch: routes to marginalised students’ increased inclusion and empowerment",
- Author:
- HOLTTUM Sue
- Journal article citation:
- Mental Health and Social Inclusion, 25(4), 2021, pp.326-333.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: The purpose of this paper was to report on recent research about how students belonging to marginalised groups can be empowered. Design/methodology/approach: The author searched for articles that covered the topic of empowerment, published in the past two years. The author selected two papers that each focus on a different group and illustrate processes of empowerment applicable in their contexts. Findings; The first paper deals sensitively with the topic of in-fighting amongst Indigenous students at Canadian universities and how Canada’s colonisation history contributes to this. It also illustrates how Indigenous students are working together to improve universities’ recognition of their needs and rights. The second paper describes a consciousness-raising programme for Black girls in secondary schools in Pennsylvania, USA. Black girls attending the programme valued it and felt more connected with other Black girls. There was some dropout from the programme, but those who remained appeared to benefit. Originality/value: These two papers represent important illustrations of some complex challenges facing marginalised groups and how their empowerment and inclusion can increase, with implications for their mental and physical well-being. (Edited publisher abstract)
Research watch: comment on a report on “race” and ethnic disparities in the UK
- Author:
- HOLTTUM Sue
- Journal article citation:
- Mental Health and Social Inclusion, 25(3), 2021, pp.218-226.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to explore the contents of the 2021 UK document called Commission on Race and Ethnic Disparities: The Report, convey some of its key messages and understand why it sparked controversy when its publication was announced. Design/methodology/approach: The author read the 258-page report, made notes, looked up some of the papers and documents to which it refers to get a more complete understanding and conducted her own limited searches on some topics. The author sought comments on an early draft of the article. Findings: After reading The Report and other relevant documents, the author feels that she has gained new insights into some challenges and opportunities facing members of different ethnic groups in the UK. However, the author felt that The Report plays down some realities of racism and its effects. Originality/value: This is one viewpoint on The Report and is original. The Report looks at the circumstances of a range of specific ethnic groups in the UK. Its argument for greater interest and focus on these different experiences rather than thinking of all non-White groups as a single mass seems valuable. It also enables an understanding of some things that people can achieve in the face of adversity. However, the author hopes there is also value in my effort to understand why some aspects of The Report have been seen as controversial. (Edited publisher abstract)
Recognizing service users’ diversity: social identity narratives of British Pakistanis in a mental health context
- Authors:
- HUSSAIN Basharat, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Mental Health Training Education and Practice, 16(3), 2021,
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: This study aims to investigate how British Pakistani people talk about their social identity, in the context of mental health, and how this shapes their experiences and perceptions of care delivered by the National Health Service, UK. Design/methodology/approach: Eight narrative interviews were conducted among members of the Pakistani community living in a city in the UK. The data were analyzed using a narrative analysis approach using “social identity” as a theoretical lens. Findings: Considering Pakistani service users as a single social entity, and responding with generic approaches in meeting their mental health needs, may not be helpful in achieving equitable treatment. Study participants reject a simple conceptualization of race and ethnicity and how a response based upon stereotypes is woefully inadequate. The study revealed that people from one ethnic or national background cannot be assumed to have a fixed social identity. Originality/value: This study broadens understanding of how people from a single ethnic background may construct and view their social identities markedly different to others from the same ethnic group. This has implications for service providers in understanding how their clients’ social identity is treated and understood in practice. (Edited publisher abstract)
Cross-cultural conceptualization and implementation of recovery in mental health: a literature review
- Author:
- SOFOULI Eleni
- Journal article citation:
- Mental Health and Social Inclusion, 25(1), 2021, pp.32-40.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to review the literature in terms of the conceptualization of the recovery concept among cultural and ethnic minorities drawing on the connectedness, hope and optimism about the future; Identity, meaning in life, empowerment (CHIME) framework; highlight the cultural adaptations of supported housing – a prominent recovery-oriented intervention, as it was implemented in a multicultural western country; and delineate the future implications for research, policy and practice in regard to mental health recovery interventions for cultural and ethnic minorities. Design/methodology/approach: An online search was performed to identify recent empirical studies published in English in peer-reviewed journals. Findings: Included studies confirmed what the authors of CHIME had initially reported: spirituality and support networks could act as enablers or inhibitors in the recovery process of mental health services users with diverse cultural backgrounds. The stigma surrounding mental illness is a key challenge that skews the recovery experience. Other cultural-specific factors include linguistic peculiarities of the maternal language and gender. The cultural adaptation of a recovery-oriented intervention was feasible and effective but also challenging. Originality/value: By studying the cultural variations of mental health recovery, the intention is to inform mental health practitioners and other key stakeholders of the distinct cultural components that influence the recovery process, thereby promoting the development of culturally sensitive, accessible and effective recovery-oriented interventions. It is worth noting that providing culturally appropriate mental health services could be viewed as a human right issue for minority groups. (Edited publisher abstract)
Research watch: Coronavirus (COVID-19), mental health and social inclusion in the UK and Ireland
- Author:
- HOLTTUM Sue
- Journal article citation:
- Mental Health and Social Inclusion, 24(3), 2020, pp.117-123.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: This paper aims to examine recent papers on the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health, including implications for some of the groups of people already less included in society. Design/methodology/approach: A search was carried out for recent papers on mental health and the COVID-19 pandemic. Findings: Two papers describe surveys of adults in the UK and Irish Republic in the first days of lockdown. Low income and loss of income were associated with anxiety and depression. These surveys could not examine distress in Black and minority ethnicities, who have higher death rates from COVID-19. Two surveys of children and young people report distress and what can help. One paper summarises a host of ways in which the pandemic may affect mental well-being in different groups, and what might help. Another calls for research to understand how to protect mental well-being in various groups. Originality/value: These five papers give a sense of the early days of the pandemic, especially in the UK. They also highlight the needs of some specific groups of people, or the need to find out more about how these groups experience the pandemic. They suggest some ways of trying to ensure that everyone has the best chance to thrive in the aftermath of the pandemic. (Edited publisher abstract)
Mental health services designed for Black, Asian and Minority Ethnics (BAME) in the UK: a scoping review of case studies
- Authors:
- VAHDANINIA Mariam, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Mental Health and Social Inclusion, 24(2), 2020, pp.81-95.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Mental health disparities exist among Black, Asian and Minority Ethnics (BAME) populations. This paper aims to provide an overview of mental health services designed for the BAME population in the UK, both established BAME communities and refugee/asylum-seekers. Design/methodology/approach: A range of electronic databases were searched for peer-reviewed studies conducted within the past decade in the UK. Using the Arksey and O’Malley methodology, data were extracted, analysed and summarised.Findings; A total of 13 papers were identified, mostly non-randomised community-based. Studies were very heterogeneous in terms of their sample and service provided. After the initial appraisal, the authors presented a narrative synthesis. Overall, all studies reported positive mental health outcomes and beneficial effects. Research limitations/implications: Because of the time limitations and quality of the papers, the authors only included peer-reviewed journal papers. Practical implications: Mental health services provided for BAME people, both established and refugee/asylum-seekers are feasible and improve engagement with the services and mental health outcomes. Initiatives are required to facilitate the integration of these targeted services within mental health and community services for BAME in the UK. Originality/value: This scoping review is a snapshot of the mental health services designed for BAME people in the UK, either established or refugee/asylum-seekers in the past 10 years and adds to the evidence-based knowledge from these studies. (Edited publisher abstract)
"We need to slowly break down this barrier": understanding the barriers and facilitators that Afro-Caribbean undergraduates perceive towards accessing mental health services in the UK
- Authors:
- SANCHO Tamara Nadine, LARKIN Michael
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Public Mental Health, 19(1), 2020, pp.63-81.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: This paper aims to understand the barriers and facilitators that Afro-Caribbean undergraduates perceive towards accessing mental health services in the UK. Design/methodology/approach: Critical Incident Technique was used as the qualitative method because it explores the critical factors that contribute to or detract from a specific experience. Seventeen Afro-Caribbean undergraduates participated in five focus groups. This involved engaging in a novel psychosocial activity that incorporated vignettes to encourage the identification of barriers and facilitators to service access. The data were analysed thematically to generate categories of critical incidents and wish-list items. Findings: Analysis revealed rich data from a sub-group rarely researched within UK literature. Fifteen barriers, eleven facilitators and five wish-list items were identified. The importance of mental health literacy, social networks, cultural sensitivity and concerns surrounding services underpinned many categories. Originality/value: Findings provide a new perspective on barriers reported in previous literature. Novel facilitators were highlighted where, although psychological and sociocultural factors were deemed valuable, structural changes were most desired. Recommended changes illustrate innovative interventions that could make services accessible for young adult Afro-Caribbean populations. Future research should explore the barriers and facilitators identified by Afro-Caribbean undergraduates across various universities who have successfully accessed and engaged with services. This could provide a holistic perspective on viable facilitators enabling access despite the presence of barriers. (Edited publisher abstract)
What can Somali community talk about mental health tell us about our own? Contextualizing the symptoms of mental health
- Authors:
- RYAN Juanita, et al
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Migration Health and Social Care, 15(2), 2019, pp.133-149.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to review all the research on Somali refugee communities’ “explanatory models” of “mental health” or psychological suffering, and also report original research in order to allow for more contexts on their “mental health” terms to emerge. Design/methodology/approach: The authors talked in a conversational manner with a small number (11) of Somali people (10 females and 1 male), but this was done intensively over time and on multiple occasions. They discussed their community terms for “mental health” issues but in their own contexts and with their own examples. Findings: The results showed that Somali as a community had three main groupings of symptoms: Jinn or spirit possession; waali or “craziness”; and a group of terms for serious anxieties, rumination, worrying and thinking too much. What was new from their broader descriptions of context was that the community discourses were based on particular contexts of the person and their behaviour within their life history, rather than aiming to universal categories like the DSM. Practical implications: Both research and practice on mental health should focus less on universal diagnoses and more on describing the contexts in which the symptoms emerge and how to change those contexts, especially with refugee and other less well-understood groups. (Edited publisher abstract)