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Integrated palliative care definition and constitutive elements: scoping review
- Authors:
- MONDEJAR-PONT Meritxell, RAMON-ARIBAU Anna, GOMEZ-BATISTE Xavier
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Integrated Care, 27(4), 2019, pp.285-304.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to propose a unified definition of integrated palliative care (IPC), and to identify the elements that facilitate or hinder implementation of an integrated palliative care system (IPCS). Design/methodology/approach: A scoping review of the conceptualization and essential elements of IPC was undertaken, based on a search of the PubMed, Scopus and ISI Web of Science databases. The search identified 79 unduplicated articles; 43 articles were selected for content analysis. Findings: IPC is coordinated and collaborative across different health organizations, levels of care and types of providers. Eight key elements facilitate implementation of an IPCS: coordination, early patient identification, patient-centred services, care continuity, provider education and training, a standard implementation model and screening tool, shared information technology system, and supportive policies and funding. These elements were plotted as a “Circle of Integrated Palliative Care System Elements.” Practical implications: This paper offers researchers an inclusive definition of IPC and describes the essential elements of its successful implementation. Originality/value: This study provides evidence from researchers on five continents, offering insights from multiple countries and cultures on the topic of IPC. The findings of this thematic analysis could assist international researchers aiming to develop a standard evaluative model or assess the level of integration in a health care system’s delivery of palliative care. (Edited publisher abstract)
Prediction model of propaganda characteristics used by the main jihadist groups
- Authors:
- CORCOBA Judith, JAFET Raigam, PORTILLA Martinez
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Aggression Conflict and Peace Research, 11(1), 2019, pp.59-66.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: Jihadist terrorism is one of the most important current global issues. Terrorism is an instrument of fear and fear an instrument of news. The purpose of this paper is to understand the difference in propaganda between the most powerful terrorist groups and the association with the Islamic State group (ISIS). Design/methodology/approach: This cross-sectional study has been carried out on the usage of propagandistic material. For the analyses, two different groups have been created, propaganda emitted from the Islamic State group and propaganda from the other main terrorist groups (Boko Haram, Taliban, Al-Qaeda). Findings: It has been proved that there are significant differences between the Islamic State propaganda and the other main groups. Originality/value: This study has been conducted in order to provide a comparison of the propaganda content of the main jihadist groups. (Edited publisher abstract)
The role of mental health and challenging behaviour in the quality of life in people with intellectual disabilities in Spain
- Authors:
- PENA-SALAZAR Carlos, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Advances in Mental Health and Intellectual Disabilities, 12(1), 2018, pp.34-43.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to determine the relation between quality of life (QoL), mental illness, challenging behaviour and institutionalisation in an adult population with intellectual disabilities (ID). Design/methodology/approach: The study assessed the QoL and its conditioning factors in 142 subjects with different degrees of ID. The GENCAT and Quality of Life in Late Stage Dementia scale were used to evaluate QoL, the Psychiatric Assessment Schedule for Adults with Developmental Disability and Diagnostic Assessment for the Severely Handicapped-II scale to assess mental illness and the Inventory for Client and aetiology Planning scale to assess challenging behaviour. Findings: Individuals who live in residential care homes were found to have significantly impaired QoL (<0.001). Individuals with challenging behaviour presented significantly lower QoL, regardless of ID aethiology and degree, while psychiatric disorders did not seem to have a direct influence on individual QoL. Originality/value: This paper provides new insight into the importance of challenging behaviour and psychiatric disorders in the QoL of individuals with ID. (Publisher abstract)
Can smart homes extend people with Alzheimer's disease stay at home?
- Authors:
- GONZALEZ Alberto Brunete, SELMES Micheline, SELMES Jacques
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Enabling Technologies, 11(1), 2017, pp.6-12.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to analyse the needs of people with Alzheimer's disease and their caregivers in terms of information and communications technology (ICT) and home automation, and how to foster the use of smart devices in their homes and also, to determine whether the use of ICT can extend people with Alzheimer's disease stay at home in the first stages of the illness, while facilitating their caregivers’ tasks. Design/methodology/approach: Groups of caregivers, ICT researchers and Alzheimer's disease experts were gathered to discuss the utility of several solutions. Sessions were grouped into four topics: safety, leisure, activities of daily living and friendly atmosphere. In total, 23 ICT-based solutions to improve life at home of people with Alzheimer's disease were analysed and grouped under "no interest", "some interest" and "very interesting". Caregivers rated these solutions and suggested improvements to them. Findings: In total, 18 out of 23 proposals were considered "very interesting", meaning that caregivers considered that they could truly improve the lives of people with Alzheimer's disease. Caregivers also suggested how to progressively introduce these technical solutions into their homes. Originality/value: ICT and home automation advances could be very useful if used conveniently. Caregivers consider that smart homes can help people with Alzheimer's disease in the security, leisure and daily tasks fields, increasing the time they can live alone in their own homes. (Publisher abstract)
Belief systems enforcing female genital mutilation in Europe
- Authors:
- ALHASSAN Yussif Nagumse, et al
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare, 9(1), 2016, pp.29-40.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: Despite numerous studies on FGM, little is known about belief systems that support FGM in the EU. The purpose of this paper is to explore the dynamic nature of belief systems and enforcement mechanisms that perpetuate FGM among three African migrant communities in the EU. Design/methodology/approach: This paper is based on data collected through community-based participatory action research in three communities: Eritrean and Ethiopian community in Palermo, Italy; Guinea Bissauan community in Lisbon, Portugal; and Senegalese and Gambian community in Banyoles, Spain. A total of 24 FGDs and 70 in-depth narrative interviews were conducted for the research. Findings: The research finds that belief systems supporting the practice of FGM among African migrants in the European diaspora are similar to those in their home countries. Beliefs structured around religion, sexuality, decency, marriage and socialisation are particularly significant in perpetuating FGM in the study migrant communities. These are enforced through sanctions and social expectations from the migrants’ home and host communities. Research limitations/implications: Members of the migrant communities that were the focus of this research are ethnically diverse; therefore it is possible that differences in the practice of and views on FGM by various ethnicities may have been masked. Also, due to close linkages between the migrants and their home countries it was hard to delineate beliefs that are specific to the host countries. In addition, it was difficult to assess the level of education of the migrants and how this may have impacted on their beliefs due to their contrasting and inconsistent educational backgrounds. Originality/value: This paper provides evidence to show that the practice of FGM among migrants in the EU is driven by both social norms and individual (parent) behaviour and therefore there is a need for interventions to focus on individual behaviour change and social norm transformation techniques. It also suggests that beliefs around FGM have remained socially significant among migrants despite their exposure to European culture because such beliefs are used to promote the moral standards of girls, marriageability of women, respectability of families, and the assertion of cultural and religious identity in the migrants’ new environment. The paper further underscores the role of migrants’ European context as well as the home country in strengthening beliefs that perpetuate FGM in the EU. (Publisher abstract)
Expectations and user experience of a multimodal medicine management system for older users
- Authors:
- HARJUMAA Marja, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Assistive Technologies, 8(2), 2014, pp.51-63.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to analyse the adoption of a multimodal medication management system (MMS) targeted on older people and home care professionals. The paper aims to describe the expectations of the system and the user experience findings from an empirical qualitative field trial. The field trial results are used to discuss how MMSs should be designed in order to improve adherence to medications. Design/methodology/approach: The paper suggests that building a multimodal medicine management system targeted on both older users and home care professionals brings many benefits over electronic medicine dispenser systems or general reminder systems. The research process uses an iterative prototyping approach including phases of requirements analysis and concept design, prototype building and evaluation in a field trial. Findings: The study demonstrates how a system that merely satisfied users during the prototype building phase does not necessarily succeed as well as expected in the field trials. It would be important to consider reasons for medication non-adherence and non-technology factors influencing willingness to adopt new assistive devices in order to promote diffusion of new MMSs at home. The paper also discusses how the different persuasive functionalities of the system addressed patient-centred factors influencing non-adherence and how they could be addressed. Research limitations/implications: This study has some limitations. The actual adherence to medications was not measured. However, in the future, it will be important to study how the MMSs influence medication adherence. Also, the user experiences of the home care professionals were not studied in the field trials. Home care professionals who were involved in the user studies and trials merely estimated the value for their patients and not for themselves. Originality/value: This paper analyses design issues relevant when designing systems to help older people manage their medications. (Publisher abstract)
The chronicity and severity of abuse among older persons by country: a European study
- Author:
- SOARES Joaquim J.F.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Aggression Conflict and Peace Research, 6(1), 2014, pp.3-25.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Using a cross-sectional study design, this study investigates the chronicity (frequency) in different abuse types and overall abuse by severity in seven European cities, and scrutinize factors associated with high chronicity levels in psychological and overall abuse by severity. The sample consisted of 4,467 randomly selected women/men (2,559 women) aged 60-84 years from seven European cities, and data were analysed with bivariate and multivariate methods. Chronicity varied across country and by abuse type. Germany had the highest chronicity means in physical and sexual abuse; Greece in physical, injury, sexual and overall abuse; Lithuania in physical, injury, financial and overall abuse; Portugal in physical abuse; Spain in physical, sexual and financial abuse; and Sweden in psychological, injury, financial and overall abuse. In general, Italy had the lowest chronicity means. The main perpetrators were people close to the respondents and women (in some cases). Independent relationship between chronicity/severity of abuse, country and other variables (e.g. depression) was examined only for psychological and overall abuse. More research into this issue with other types of abuse, for example sexual abuse is warranted. (Edited publisher abstract)
The impact of ICT services on perceptions of the quality of life of older people
- Authors:
- DAMANT Jacqueline, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Assistive Technologies, 7(1), 2013, pp.5-21.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
This article reports the results of the impact of the information and communication technology (ICT) platform and telecare services developed by the MonAMI consortium on the quality of life (QOL) of older people in three European communities. The technology consisted of alarms, home monitoring and control, reminder services and entertainment services. In a three-month trial, the MonAMI technology was installed in the homes of older people with various needs, in the cities of Stockholm, Sweden; Zaragoza, Spain; and Kosice, Slovakia. Evaluation criteria and instrumentation were developed to assess the effects of the services on users' perceived QOL in the domains of independence, physical health, psychological wellbeing, social networking, and physical environment. A total of 62 users, with a mean age of 79 years, participated in the trial. Results demonstrate that the MonAMI services had some positive, significant effects on users' QOL. For instance, users with a higher number of disabilities at baseline reported greater confidence in keeping intruders from entering their home compared to users with fewer disabilities. However, overall findings show that healthier, more independent users perceived more benefits from the services compared to users who report more health problems and are less independent. The paper highlights some of the methodological challenges of evaluating ICT-based care services in a community setting. Limitations of the research are identified as size of the sample group, which was the small, heterogeneous sample of users and the fact that they were observed over a short time span. (Edited publisher abstract)
Treatment of drug addicts by a professional staff team using a therapeutic community and group psychotherapy
- Author:
- INTXUSTA Gabriel Roldan
- Journal article citation:
- Therapeutic Communities: the International Journal of Therapeutic Communities, 22(1), Spring 2001, pp.29-40.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Describes a treatment programme for drug addicts run by professionally trained staff using a psycho-dynamic model of understanding drug addiction, with a wide range of opportunities for work, training and for psycho-social interventions. A central place is given to the use of group psychotherapy and the recognition of transference and counter transference in groups and in the TC as whole, and on therapeutic work with patients' families who often manifest addictive patterns of behaviour. The author reflects on the nature and impact of the dynamics of working with drug addicts and the need to mobilise a change in the patient's perception of themselves from being passively brought to treatment to becoming aware of their underlying interpersonal needs.
Psychological abuse among older persons in Europe: a cross-sectional study
- Authors:
- MACASSA Gloria, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Aggression Conflict and Peace Research, 5(1), 2013, pp.16-34.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
There is evidence to suggest that the rate of elder abuse in all its forms is growing. However, because of the difficulty of measuring it, psychological abuse may be underestimated. This cross sectional study used data collected in 2009 as part of the survey “Elder abuse: a multinational prevalence survey, ABUEL”. The participants were 4,467 randomly selected persons aged 60-84 years (2,559 women, 57.3 per cent) from seven EU countries (Germany, Greece, Italy, Lithuania, Portugal, Spain, Sweden). Participants answered a structured questionnaire either face-to-face or a mix of interview/self-response. The overall prevalence of psychological abuse was 29.7 per cent in Sweden, 27.1 per cent in Germany; 24.6 per cent in Lithuania and 21.9 per cent in Portugal. The lowest prevalence was reported in Greece, Spain and Italy with 13.2 per cent, 11.5 per cent and 10.4 per cent, respectively. Similar tendencies were observed concerning minor/severe abuse. The Northern countries (Germany, Lithuania, Sweden) compared to Southern countries (Greece, Italy, Portugal, Spain) reported a higher mean prevalence of minor/severe abuse (26.3 per cent/11.5 per cent and 12.9 per cent/5.9 per cent, respectively). Most perpetrators (71.2 per cent) were spouses/partners and other relatives (e.g. children). The analyses indicate that being from Greece, Italy, Portugal and Spain was associated with a lower risk of psychological abuse. Low social support, living in rented housing, alcohol use, frequent health care use, and high scores in anxiety and somatic complaints were associated with increased risk of psychological abuse.