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A randomised controlled trial comparing the effects of directive and non-directive parenting programmes as a universal prevention programme
- Authors:
- CHAN Stanley, LEUNG Cynthia, SANDERS Matthew
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Children's Services, 11(1), 2016, pp.38-53.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to compare the effectiveness of directive programmes led by professionals where parents were taught specific parenting knowledge and strategies (Triple P – Positive Parenting Program) and non-directive parenting programmes in the form of mutual-aid support group as a universal prevention programme. Design/methodology/approach: This study employed a randomised controlled trial design. Participants included 92 Hong Kong Chinese parents with preschool children recruited from eight kindergartens and a local church. They were randomised into Group Triple P, non-directive group and control group. They completed measures on their perception of child behaviour problems and their parental stress before and after intervention. Findings: At post-intervention, results indicated significantly greater decrease in child disruptive behaviours among participants in the Triple P group than those in the non-directive group and control group while no significant group difference was found between the latter two groups. No significant difference was found in post-intervention parental stress level among the three groups. Originality/value: This study provides empirical evidence to demonstrate the effectiveness of a directive parenting programme vs a non-directive one.
Non-custodial grandparent caregiving in Chinese families: implications for family dynamics
- Authors:
- LEUNG Cynthia, FUNG Barbara
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Children's Services, 9(4), 2014, pp.307-318.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: This paper aims to understand the needs and experiences of Chinese families where grandparents were involved in the non-custodial care of their grandchildren. Design/methodology/approach: In total five grandparent focus groups and three parent focus groups were conducted in Hong Kong. The data were analysed using the constant comparative method. Findings: Though most grandparents enjoyed their grandparent roles, there were differences in the perception of the grandparent role between grandparents and parents. Both grandparents and parents reported intergenerational conflicts on the management of the grandchildren, which was distressing for both parties. Practical implications: It was suggested that grandparent training programmes might be a viable strategy to support families. (Edited publisher abstract)
Experience of family caregivers of community-dwelling stroke survivors and risk of elder abuse: a qualitative study
- Authors:
- CHOW Celia, TIWARI Agnes
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Adult Protection, 16(5), 2014, pp.276-293.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to explore the following questions. First, what are the experiences of family caregivers in caring for community-dwelling stroke survivors? Second, what services help or do not help the caregivers in managing their caregiving role? Design/methodology/approach: A qualitative study was conducted with a total of six focus group interviews with 29 stroke caregivers selected using convenience sampling in a local community centre. All interviews were recorded and transcribed for content analysis. Findings: The results pointed to three main themes working together to facilitate desirable outcomes in caregiving and prevent elder abuse: factors contributing to caregiver stress and factors that have a buffering effect on caregiver stress and unmet needs identified from caregivers’ experiences. Research limitations/implications: The authors found that there were a number of factors contributing to caregiver stress. The findings matched with the concept that caregiver stress should not be considered as the primary cause of elder abuse. Findings provided information for further research to investigate positive coping and adjustment for stroke survivors, caregivers and their families. Practical implications: Policy makers and service providers may consider specific policies and tailor-made services to enhance the effectiveness of current practice. The themes emerging from the study could be further reviewed in a longitudinal way to explore the cost-effectiveness, the outcomes and trajectory of interventional programmes. Social implications: Education would be essential to let the public understand caregivers’ difficulties and needs. Prevention of elder abuse may be approached with a range of risk factors for both perpetrating and being elder abuse victim. Originality/value: From the findings of the study, the authors found that there were service gaps within policy and interventions. Concrete suggestions for improving the public's attitude and public facilities/transport for the disabled were captured in the study. In addition to personal resilience, caregivers had a strong wish for a supportive environment and services that would facilitate a better caregiving outcome. (Publisher abstract)
The impact of housing environment attributes on children's academic performance at school: an empirical study of Hong Kong
- Author:
- LI Ling Hin
- Journal article citation:
- Housing Care and Support, 15(3), 2012, pp.129-139.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
This paper examines the influence of physical housing environments on the learning potential of children. An empirical study was conducted of students in 2 randomly selected Hong Kong secondary schools. Students from 1 class in each year were asked to complete a questionnaire. A total of 633 questionnaires were completed. Multiple regression analysis was used to test the correlation between academic performance and a set of environmental attributes. The findings showed that housing design, aspect and size of housing are significant. Socio-economic status of different housing neighbourhoods does not determine the academic performance of children. Children coming from welfare housing communities have the same chance of achieving good results in schools as their counter-parts in the private housing neighbourhood in Hong Kong. However, densely developed high-rise communities housing are not desirable for children's academic development. In addition, a big family with multi-generation under one roof is not constructive in fostering children’s academic results. The article argues for housing design which is attentive to the need for open but personal space with ‘sufficient physical partitions’.
Deciding best interests: general principles and the cases of Norway and the UK
- Authors:
- ARCHARD David, SKIVENES Marit
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Children's Services, 5(4), December 2010, pp.43-54.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
This paper discusses the interpretation of the best interest principle by law and decision makers with regard to protecting vulnerable children while affording them their human rights. Two authors from Norway and the UK utilise what they know from their own countries and others including the United States, Hong Kong, China, Taiwan and Japan to detail "preliminary problems and notable distinctions" in the opening text. Their approach assumes that the best decisions about what is in children’s best interests are reached through individual, reasoned and deliberative processes with legislation comprised of a non-exhaustive listing of key and relevant considerations for the decision makers to review and evaluate in every and every case, rather than substantive assumptions about what is best for all children. The child’s own perspective and user views are paramount to deliberative and decision making processes. These authors call for a distinction to be made between objective facts and substantive, and thereby contestable, assumptions. They recommend and present a benchmark or standard against which the actual efforts of legislators and decision makers can be reviewed and judged in terms of what is fit for individual children. They also discuss “by whom a determination of best interest is made”, describe the concept of professional experts and explore some case studies which have resulted in “positive gains from painful experiences”.
Development and pilot evaluation of the Hands on Parent Empowerment (HOPE) project - a parent education programme to establish socially disadvantaged parents as facilitators of pre-school children's learning
- Authors:
- LEUNG Cynthia, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Children's Services, 4(1), September 2009, pp.21-32.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
This study describes the development and testing of an early intervention programme to support immigrant parents from China resident in Hong Kong; a population characterised by high levels of poverty, low education, and problems with child behaviour. The development of the HOPE programme was guided by: evidence from successful programmes focusing on early developmental skills; adherence to guidelines; the use of a theoretical framework; and alignment to local needs. The programme was to be delivered as three series of ten group sessions over a period of nine months. Sixteen participants were recruited from pre-schools (n=15) and social services centres (n=1); the low uptake was attributed to the long duration of the programme. The qualitative results of the pilot study were taken from feedback collected after the first series. Parents reported better parent-child relationships and positive changes in children's behaviour and learning, as well as a reduction in parental stress. The benefits of including behaviour management training in pre-school programmes designed to empower parents to facilitate their children's learning, as seen in this study, are stressed, as is the group approach to delivery and the inclusion of role-play and homework activities. The content of the HOPE programme requires further evaluation especially the delivery format, duration, recruitment, and appropriateness to other parents.
Implementation of Triple P-Positive Parenting Program in Hong Kong: predictors of programme completion and clinical outcomes
- Authors:
- LEUNG Cynthia, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Children's Services, 1(2), October 2006, pp.4-17.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
This study examined the effectiveness of the Triple P-Positive Parenting Program in a government child health service delivery context with Chinese parents in Hong Kong. Specifically, the study sought to identify pre-intervention variables that might predict programme outcomes such as level of clinical improvement and programme completion. Participants were 661 parents of pre-school and primary agenda children participating in a group version of the Triple P-Positive Parenting Program. There were significant decreases in disruptive child behaviours, levels of parenting stress, general stress and anxiety and an increase in parenting sense of competence. Greater change in reports of child behaviour problems was related to lower levels of family income, new immigrant family status, and higher pre-intervention levels of parenting stress. The present study provides a profile of parents who are most likely to benefit from parent training programmes.
Prescribing patterns in a Hong Kong institution for adults with severe to profound learning disabilities
- Author:
- LIM Woon Chu Winston
- Journal article citation:
- Tizard Learning Disability Review, 10(4), October 2005, pp.3-9.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
There has been increasing concern about inappropriate or excessive medication of people with learning disabilities. This paper reports on a survey of prescribing patterns in an institution that cares for adults with severe to profound learning disabilities in Hong Kong. The survey found that 27% of the 294 hospital patients were receiving psychotropic drugs, but this rate was significantly higher (90%) in the ward for people with challenging behaviours. Most patients (67%) received a single psychotropic drug, 26% received two and 7%, three. Around half the patients (151) had epilepsy, of whom 90% received anticonvulsants. Of these, 52% received a single anticonvulsant, 37% received two and 11% received three or more. Dosages were generally within the recommended ranges. This survey revealed several good aspects of prescribing practice at Siu Lam Hospital, but also areas that need improvement. The latter include a drug-reduction programme for the people with challenging behaviours, trials of drug-free periods for seizure-free patients receiving anticonvulsants and replacement of phenytoin and phenobarbitone with safer alternatives.
Facing up to life in Hong Kong
- Authors:
- BARKER Lindsay, CHEUNG Stephen, NG Petrus
- Journal article citation:
- A Life in the Day, 4(2), May 2000, pp.21-27.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
This article asks whether social firms and supported employment can they flourish in the very special situation of the new Hong Kong. Now part of the people's Republic of China, the former colony is still sitting between East and West, capitalism and communism, and is also in the throes of a very sharp recession. The authors look at what the future might hold.