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Quality of life instruments for economic evaluations in health and social care for older people: a systematic review
- Authors:
- MAKAI Peter, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Social Science and Medicine, 102, February 2014, pp.83-93.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
Gaining health may not be the main goal of healthcare services aimed at older people, which may (also) seek to improve wellbeing. This emphasizes the need of finding appropriate outcome measures for economic evaluation of such services, particularly in long-term care, capturing more than only health-related quality of life (HrQol). This review assesses the usefulness of HrQol and wellbeing instruments for economic evaluations specifically aimed at older people, focusing on generic and preference-based questionnaires measuring wellbeing in particular. The researchers systematically searched six databases and extracted instruments used to assess HrQol and wellbeing outcomes. Instruments were compared based on their usefulness for economic evaluation of services aimed at older people (dimensions measured, availability of utility scores, extent of validation). This study identified 487 articles using 34 generic instruments: 22 wellbeing (two of which were preference-based) and 11 HrQol instruments. While standard HrQol instruments measure physical, social and psychological dimensions, wellbeing instruments contain additional dimensions such as purpose in life and achievement, security, and freedom. This study found four promising wellbeing instruments for inclusion in economic evaluation: Ferrans and Powers QLI and the WHO-Qol OLD, ICECAP-O and the ASCOT. Ferrans and Powers QLI and the WHO-Qol OLD are widely validated but lack preference-weights while for ICECAP-O and the ASCOT preference-weights are available, but are less widely validated. Until preference-weights are available for the first two instruments, the ICECAP-O and the ASCOT currently appear to be the most useful instruments for economic evaluations in services aimed at older people. Their limitations are that (1) health dimensions may be captured only partially and (2) the instruments require further validation. Therefore, we currently recommend using the ICECAP-O or the ASCOT alongside the EQ-5D or SF-6D when evaluating interventions aimed at older people. (Edited publisher abstract)
Expertise and child sex offenders
- Authors:
- FORTUNE Clare-Ann, BOURKE Patrice, WARD Tony
- Journal article citation:
- Aggression and Violent Behavior, 20, 2014, pp.33-41.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
Research conducted on criminal expertise contends that offenders obtain specialist knowledge and skills relevant to their domain, and that the successful execution of knowledge and skills is a function of learning and experience. Some child sexual offenders possess domain-relevant competencies such as in the selection and manipulation of victims, decision-making and problem-solving, and eluding detection; these competencies and areas of skill contribute to their sexual offending. In this paper, the authors first examine Ward's (1999) original application of the concept of expertise to sexual offenders and briefly overview his theory. Second, Bourke, Ward, and Rose's (2012) empirical investigation of Ward's theory with sexual offenders is reviewed and the resulting expertise model is described in detail. Third, theory and research on self-regulation patterns and modus operandi in child sexual offenders are reviewed and its links with expertise are highlighted. Finally, the practice implications of an expertise perspective are discussed. (Publisher abstract)
Offending competency and coercive control in intimate partner violence
- Authors:
- DAY Andrew, BOWEN Erica
- Journal article citation:
- Aggression and Violent Behavior, 20, 2014, pp.62-71.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
This paper considers some of the ways in which intervention approaches for perpetrators of intimate partner violence (IPV) might be enhanced through the explicit consideration of the offense process. It is suggested that those who are experts in perpetrating this type of violence routinely use coercive controlling violence in intimate relationships. This group, for whom violence is instrumental, are not only likely to be at highest risk of offending, but also the most difficult to treat. They are more likely to have long developmental histories of violence, hold entrenched attitudes, and utilise knowledge about the effects of intimidation to avoid detection. It is suggested that specific consideration of what is known about the causes and correlates of IPV in those who follow this approach-explicit pathway can improve the outcomes of current perpetrator behaviour change programmes. (Edited publisher abstract)
Parents' behavior in response to infant crying: abusive head trauma education
- Authors:
- SIMONNETA Hina, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Child Abuse and Neglect, 38(12), 2014, pp.1914-1913.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
Abusive head trauma (AHT) is still too common, and probably underestimated. It is the leading cause of death from child abuse. Crying is thought to contribute to the act of shaking. Objectives of this study were to (a) assess parents' knowledge about infant crying, their ability to manage crying, and their knowledge about AHT; and (b) assess the feasibility and the impact of a simple educational intervention about crying and AHT with parents shortly after their child's birth. A short questionnaire was completed orally by the parents of 190 consecutive newborns in a maternity hospital at day 2 of life. Then, during the routine examination of the child, the paediatrician gave parents a short talk about infant crying and AHT, and a pamphlet. Finally, parents were contacted by phone at 6 weeks for the post-intervention questionnaire assessing their knowledge about crying and AHT. Among 202 consecutive births, parents of 190 children were included (266 parents; 70% mothers) over a 1-month period and answered the pre-intervention questionnaire. The intervention was feasible and easy to provide. Twenty-seven percent of mothers and 36% of fathers had never heard of AHT. At 6 weeks, 183 parents (68% of the sample; 80% mothers) answered the post-intervention questionnaire. Parents' knowledge improved significantly post-intervention. Parents found the intervention acceptable and useful. Health care professionals such as paediatricians or nurses could easily provide this brief talk to all parents during systematic newborn examination. (Publisher abstract)
Adolescent exposure to violence and adult physical and mental health problems
- Authors:
- FRANZESEA Robert J., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Child Abuse and Neglect, 38(12), 2014, pp.1955-1965.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
This study investigates how adolescent exposure to violence (AEV), in the form of parental physical abuse, witnessing parental violence, and exposure to violence in the neighbourhood, are related to self-reported adult physical problems and seeking formal or informal assistance with mental health, controlling for more general adolescent violent victimisation and for self-reports and parent reports of mental health problems in adolescence. This study adds to the literature on AEV and adult physical problems, and provides a rare look at the relationship of AEV to adult help-seeking for mental health problems. The results suggest that AEV is associated with mental health problems in adolescence for both females and males, that for females AEV is related to physical problems and to seeking help for mental health problems in adulthood, but for males the only significant relationship involves inconsistent reports of witnessing parental violence and adult physical problems. (Edited publisher abstract)
Subtypes of exposure to intimate partner violence within a Canadian child welfare sample: associated risks and child maladjustment
- Authors:
- GONZALEZ Andrea, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Child Abuse and Neglect, 38(12), 2014, pp.1934-1944.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
Children exposed to intimate partner violence (IPV) are at increased risk of experiencing behavioural difficulties including externalising and internalising problems. This study examines the association between subtypes of IPV exposure on child functioning and presence of harm within a child welfare sample. Given the evidence of the 'double whammy' effect, co-occurring IPV exposure was also examined. Using data from the Canadian Incidence Study of Reported Child Abuse and Neglect - 2008 (n = 2,184) the research examined whether specific IPV exposure subtypes or their co-occurrence resulted in a greater risk of child maladjustment. Information was obtained from child welfare workers' reports. Caregiver and household risk factors were also examined. Co-occurring IPV exposure resulted in the greatest risk for reported child maladjustment. Exposure to emotional IPV and direct physical IPV were significantly associated with increased risk of internalising problems and presence of harm. Caregiver mental health and lack of social support emerged as significant risk factors for behaviour problems. This study adds to the evidence that exposure to subtypes of IPV may be differentially related to child functioning. Given that risk factors and child functioning is part of the decision-making framework for case worker referrals, this study provides important preliminary evidence about how the child welfare system operates in practice with respect to sub-types of exposure to IPV. These findings suggest that intervening with children exposed to different types of IPV may require a tailored approach. (Edited publisher abstract)
The dead end of domestic violence: spotlight on children's narratives during forensic investigations following domestic homicide
- Author:
- KATZ Carmit
- Journal article citation:
- Child Abuse and Neglect, 38(12), 2014, pp.1976-1984.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
The current study provides an in-depth exploration of the narratives of children who witnessed their father killing their mother. This exploration was conducted using a thematic analysis of the children's forensic interviews based on seven investigative interviews that were conducted with children following the domestic homicide. Investigative interviews were selected for study only for substantiated cases and only if the children disclosed the domestic homicide. All of the investigative interviews were conducted within 24 h of the domestic homicide. Thematic analysis revealed the following four key categories: the domestic homicide as the dead end of domestic violence, what I did when daddy killed mommy, that one time that daddy killed mommy, and mommy will feel better and will go back home. The discussion examines the multiple layers of this phenomenon as revealed in the children's narratives and its consequences for professionals within the legal and clinical contexts. (Publisher abstract)
Psychological distress as a mediator of the relationship between childhood maltreatment and sleep quality in adolescence: results from the maltreatment and adolescent pathways (MAP) longitudinal study
- Authors:
- McPHIE Meghan L., WEISS Jonathan A., WEKERLE Christine
- Journal article citation:
- Child Abuse and Neglect, 38(12), 2014, pp.2044-2052.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
This study considers the relationship between history of childhood maltreatment and sleep disturbances in adolescence. Further, the role of psychological distress is considered as an explanatory link between childhood maltreatment and adolescent sleep disturbances. The study is a secondary analysis using a subsample (N = 73) of child welfare-involved youth who participated in the initial and 2-year time-point of the Maltreatment and Adolescent Pathways (MAP) Longitudinal Study on the variables of interest. Youth reported on lifetime maltreatment experiences, psychological distress, and sleep disturbances, in addition to the other measures administered as part of the larger MAP study protocol. More severe childhood maltreatment was related to increased sleep disturbances during adolescence, and psychological distress was a significant mediator of the childhood maltreatment-adolescent sleep disturbance association. The results demonstrate that a history of childhood maltreatment represents a risk factor for sleep disturbances in adolescence. The findings highlight the importance of inquiring about health-related behaviours in child welfare youth and the need to promote psychological well-being within this population. (Edited publisher abstract)
Maltreatment type and behaviors: does listening matter?
- Authors:
- MERRITTA Darcey H., SNYDER Susan M.
- Journal article citation:
- Child Abuse and Neglect, 38(12), 2014, pp.2062-2071.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
This article presents an exploratory assessment of whether children's perceptions of caseworker support (e.g. feeling listened to) moderates the relationship between the type of maltreatment and problematic behaviours. Relying on data collected for the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being (NSCAW I), this research measures how often children felt listened to by their caseworkers and the effect on the relationship between two types of maltreatment (e.g. physical abuse and neglect) and problematic child behaviours. Results indicate that whereas children reported feeling listened to most of the time, there are significant differences in the probabilities of problematic behaviour scores between physically abused and neglected children according to how often they felt listened to. With the exception of those children who felt listened to all of the time, physically abused children have a higher probability of problematic behaviours than neglected children. Comparisons between the two maltreatment types indicate a greater impact of listening on physically abused children across the continuum of feeling listened to (e.g. never to all of the time), than for neglected children, except for at the highest level of listening, as results indicate a small, but significant difference indicating neglected children are more positively impacted by listening than physically abused kids. Implications for practice are that children's perceptions of support from caseworkers may influence behavioural outcomes differently according to maltreatment type. Additionally, these findings encourage the inclusion of children's perspectives regarding the relationships they have with caseworkers. (Edited publisher abstract)
Mothers' self-reported violence toward their children: a multifaceted risk analysis
- Authors:
- PELTONENA Kirsi, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Child Abuse and Neglect, 38(12), 2014, pp.1923-1933.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
To assess the risk factors for mothers' severe violent behaviour toward their children, 20 child-, parent- and family-related factors were examined. The study is based on a representative sample of 2,716 Finnish mothers with 0-12-year-old children and was conducted as an anonymous survey. Analyses were carried out using logistic regression models. 6% of the mothers had committed severe violent acts, i.e. slapped, hit, punched (with a fist), kicked, bit, hit/try to hit the child with an object or shook (under 2 year old) child at least once during the 12 months preceding the survey. Corporal punishment experienced by the mother as a child or used by the mother as a method of discipline, strongly increased the likelihood of severe violent acts. Additionally, work- or family-related stress and lack of help in dealing with parenting problems were detected as risk factors for severe violent acts toward one's own child. The findings suggest that prevention of corporal punishment may be an important hinder to the transmission of experiences of violence from one generation to another, and that contextual and situational factors may overlap the influence of individual-related risk factors. (Edited publisher abstract)